Iseli theory

Ukuvula kanye ukwethulwa elithi "ingqamuzana" is owned by Robert uHooke. Nokho, isazi sesayensi bayibheka (cell) njengoba voids endaweni eyohlobo (iyunifomu) impahla, okwakuwuphawu isitshalo. amaseli Animal yaqale esachazwa Leeuwenhoek eyathola abomvu egazi kanye nesidoda. Amathuluzi (nangezibonakhulu), okuyinto yayisetshenziswa abacwaningi zekhulu 17-18, akavunyelwe thembeke ukusungula iyiphi izakhi ezivamile isakhiwo ezincane kwezitho kwezilwane.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izithako herbal kukhona zibalindile isifundo, iseli theory kuyinto ulwazi ehlakazekele unsystematic. Ngemva uHooke abacwaningi bathi kwezicubu isitshalo akheke ethize, libhekene khona ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zamangqamuzana ezahlukene ezincane. Kodwa ukuthola noma iyiphi ngokuvamile kusukela okwaphawulwa ke kwakungenjalo.

Ngekhulu le-18, izifundo ezincane awukanikezi nalwazi qualitatively entsha. Kuphela ekuqaleni nangezibonakhulu ekhiqizwa ukutadisha baqhubeka. Ngekhulu lama-30, engu-19 zezitshalo eziholayo isikhathi uvumele ukuqinisa ulwazi isakhiwo aphansi zezitshalo. Kusukela cell uthola isimo "izakhiwo aphansi". Ukusebenzisa indlela maceration (ukumnika) ephula kucatshangwa ukuthi udonga ezivamile izinhlayiya ezincane. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi cell isakhiwo avaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is benawo ukuzimela ezithile.

Imvukuzane G. futhi L. H. Treviranus zembula ukuthi izakhiwo yemifino ezingavikelekile ukutholwa isakhiwo yeselula, ezakhiwe Fusion amangqamuzana ngamanye ekuqaleni. uhlelo Elementary Uthola ukubaluleka ingxenye morphological bokuphila, lapho umzimba ezimele.

anatomy ezincane sesilwane ubelokhu ufundwa isikole nesikole Muller Purkinje. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo omningi impahla oluyiqiniso sebuqoqiwe.

Ngqo washayelwa cell imfundiso yokuziphendukela isakhiwo eziphilayo babe Schwann (sezilwane isiJalimane, umcwaningi) e 1839. Ngenxa yokuthi ocwaningweni sezilwane zabo okusekelwe imisebenzi sezitshalo Schleiden, lona wamuva ubhekwa co-nombhali Schwann.

Cell umbono nje okungaqondile idatha eziningi ngokususelwa ukufana isilwane nemifino izakhiwo aphansi. Kuye neshaya mshini efanayo kumiswa yabo. Ngakho, Schwann iseli theory ephawula iseli njengesisekelo tekusebentisa isakhi isidalwa esiphilayo.

Ngemva kwalokho, umcwaningi M. Badi ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi ekutadisheni elula. K. Siebold esingakaphothulwa (e 1845) isikhundla elula imvelo owumphumela.

Nokho, Cell theory, yabukezwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Virchow (usosayensi German) ukubeka phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo entsha. Ngokusekelwe idatha entsha, waphetha ngokuthi akha cell kuphela kumaseli eyayivele ikhona. Virchow futhi abeke phambili umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isimo yeselula." Ngaphansi kwalo ukucabangela, le amaningi kuhlanganisa iyunithi kuqhathaniswa ezimele, zazo imisebenzi ebalulekile Okusondele nomunye.

Cell theory kubonakala ubunye morphological zonke imvelo organic. Lokhu, nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kanye nokuhlanganiswa imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Modern iseli Inkolelo-mbono esekelwe izikhundla ezintathu.

Ngokwe-mqondo lokuqala, isakhiwo aphansi ihlobene izilwane zasendle nazo kulo mhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, leli lungiselelo uthi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uhlobo lokuphila, ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo, zofuzo futhi functional kuqinisekiswa kuphela kuseli.

Ngokombiko othile isikhundla yesibili, amayunithi ezintsha aphansi kwenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo division pre-ekhona. Kulokhu, zonke kwamaseli ukugcina ulwazi olufanayo begazi, ukusebenzisa ulwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yayo ngesisekelo amaprotheni zamagama.

Ngokombiko othile isikhundla yesithathu, isakhiwo iyunithi uhambelana amaningi, esibonakala by inhlangano ehlelekile futhi ubuqotho.