Amanethiwekhi Artificial kwemizwa

Artificial amanethiwekhi kwemizwa - yilezo akhiwe amaseli akhethekile - izinzwa. Ziyakwazi onobuhle zezibalo izinzwa begazi, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana akha isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu.

Ngokokuqala ngqá sikhuluma amanethiwekhi yezinzwa 1943, futhi ngemva kokusungulwa Perceptron Rosenblatt kwafika inkathi yokuchuma, namanethiwekhi zithandwa kakhulu. Nokho, emva kokushicilelwa Minsk ngo-1969, lapho usosayensi buye babonisa ukuthi lokho nokungasebenzi ngendlela ka Perceptron, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, inzalo kule mboni kwehle kakhulu. Kodwa indaba akugcini amanethiwekhi yokufakelwa. . Ngo-1985, uJ Hopfield ethulwa izifundo zabo futhi wafakazela ukuthi kwenethiwekhi - ithuluzi esikhulu umshini ukufunda.

Kwakuthinta lathathwa biology imiqondo kanye nezimiso eziningana. Namangqamuzana ezinzwa - uhlobo inkinobho okuyinto ithola bese udlulisa pulses (amasignali). Uma namangqamuzana ezinzwa ithola umfutho ngokwanele enamandla, kunenkolelo ukuthi inikwe amandla futhi udlulisa pulses asele izinzwa ephathelene nayo. Namangqamuzana ezinzwa elifanayo leli ayivulwanga, luhlala lapho esephumule, ke ayihambisi ishayela. Namangqamuzana ezinzwa siqukethe izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko: synapse ukuthi ukuxhuma izinzwa komunye nomunye futhi wamukele pulses, Axon ezithwala amaza umsebenzi futhi dendrites, okuyinto uthola amasignali emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Lapho namangqamuzana ezinzwa ithola ngiyibona ngenhla kombundu ethile, ngokushesha kutshela i namangqamuzana ezinzwa esilandelayo.

Imodeli zezibalo ihlukile kancane. Ngemvume imodeli zezibalo of namangqamuzana ezinzwa - kuyinto vector, okuyinto yakhiwa inqwaba izingxenye. Ngamunye ingxenye - ingenye pulses, okuyinto atholakale namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Okukhiphayo imodeli inombolo eyodwa. Lokho, e vector imodeli okokufaka iguqulwe ibe scalar, kamuva sidluliselwe kwabanye izinzwa.

amanethiwekhi Neural bangaqeqeshwa ngezindlela ezimbili: futhi ngaphandle uthisha. Inqubo yokufunda siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, inethiwekhi wokufaka kusukela umfutho ngaphandle. Khona-ke, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ziyahlukahluka nemingcele mahhala kwenethiwekhi ke inethiwekhi iyaphendula kakade ehlukile ezintweni input. Inqubo kufanele ziphindwe uma nje inethiwekhi akusho ukuxazulula le nkinga. I ukufunda algorithm nge uthisha ukuthi ngesikhathi eqeqesha inethiwekhi kakade unakho impendulo efanele. Le ndlela iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo izicelo eziningi, kodwa ngokuvamile wagxeka ngenxa yokuthi kuba eziphila akunasisekelo. amanethiwekhi Neural baqeqeshiwe ngaphandle uthisha esimweni lapho imibono yaziwa nguwe kuphela. Kususelwa kubo, inethiwekhi kancane kancane ifunda ukuze banikele ngokungcono kunakho ukubaluleka okukhiphayo.

Isicelo zokuxhumana kwemizwa wehlukile ngempela. Avame esetshenziswa ukushintsha ukuqashelwa, ukubikezela, ukudalwa ahlukahlukene uchwepheshe izinhlelo, isilinganiselo functionals. With lenethiwekhi ongenza ukuqashelwa umsindo noma amasignali optical ukubikezela exchange izinkomba ukudala izinhlelo uyakwazi self-yokufunda, okungaba, isibonelo, synthesize inkulumo kusuka umbhalo onikiwe noma car park. amanethiwekhi yezinzwa West esetshenzisiwe izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni, ngeshwa, amafemu yasekhaya abangazange okwamanje eselineminyaka le ndlela.

Naphezu izinzuzo ANN ku izibalo ezivamile kwezinye izindawo, le kwemizwa amanethiwekhi akhona - hhayi ikhambi ekahle. Njengoba ziyakwazi ukufunda, bangase babe nephutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ngempela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuthukiswe kwenethiwekhi kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango. Umthuthukisi kumele baqonde ngemvelo yenkinga kubani, Ziningi ulwazi uchaza inkinga, ukuthola idatha ukuhlolwa nakunethiwekhi ukuqeqeshwa, ukukhetha indlela efanele ukuqeqeshwa, ukudluliswa umsebenzi nebululu imisebenzi.