Uhlelo Solar okokuqala echazwe usosayensi Nikolay Kopernik

I isimiso sonozungezilanga - single uhlelo wafunda kunawo wonke endaweni yonke. Okwamanje, kukhona-8 kuya kwezingu-63 amaplanethi iziphuphutheki, etholakala uhlelo. Kuvulwe asteroyidi eziningi emkhathini ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, okuyinto ngaphakathi wo orbit kweqa ohlelweni lonke.

Yini ososayensi owokuqala owachaza lesi isimiso sonozungezilanga? It is wadala futhi uma kukhona amathuba khona ukuphila kwamanye imithala?

Umlando yokutholakala

Ngokumangalisayo, isimiso sonozungezilanga yaqale echazwe usosayensi okuthiwa uNikolay Kopernik ekhulwini XVI. Phambi kwakhe, indawo emkhathini kwadingeka ukumelwa olungaphelele. Kukholakala ukuthi Earth yiyona nendawo emkhathini, futhi zonke izinto singaxoxi ke. Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula amathuluzi yesimanje lapho kutadishwa Uma uwubuka usemkhathini, uCopernicus wakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile indawo Umhlaba emkhathini. Waqale wenza imodeli esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, ethula heliocentric yayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke ezaziwayo ngesikhathi amaplanethi lizungeza Sun nasemaceleni axis awo.

UGalileo nabanye ososayensi

Ekhulwini elilandelayo ngosizo isibonakude bakudala wesimiso sikanozungezilanga yaqale echazwe usosayensi - uGalileo Galilei. Ngakho kwakukhona ubufakazi ngqo kohlelo heliocentric, esashiwo uCopernicus. UGalileo wathola izinyanga ezine azungeza Jupiter. Nakuba kufanele wakhumbula ukuthi abaholi benkolo sikhathi wamelana kakhulukazi imodeli heliocentric sonozungezilanga.

XVIII leminyaka kwaphawulwa yokuvela kwezinto ezintsha kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi. uhlelo Solar okokuqala echazwe owaqamba bethole iplanethi bonobumba - Uranus. Ulandela 2 iziphuphutheki of Saturn kanye Uranus, iziphuphutheki amabili avuleka ngaye.

Isiqongo kutsi kwehlwaywe sonozungezilanga kwaba phakathi nekhulu XX. Bese yesimiso sonozungezilanga yaqale esachazwa usosayensi-astronaut, owokuqala owabonayo ngamehlo ami siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho spaceflight waqinisekisa heliocentrically yomthala wethu. Namuhla kwethulwa sasemkhathini kanye iziphuphutheki, kanye izindiza eziya kwamanye amaplanethi kuthuthukise ukuqonda yomthala wethu.

I Solar System namaplanethi alo

Ilanga namaplanethi alo okuqondene i-Milky Way - kakhulu wafunda of yonke. Siqukethe 8 amaplanethi ebonakalayo emkhathizwe ngesimo izinkanyezi encane, khomba ukukhanya esiseduzane inkanyezi yethu - ilanga. Babiza amagama iplanethi Onkulunkulu ababekhulekelwa ngabantu neRoma lasendulo.

Futhi esimisweni sonozungezilanga lingena ibhande elisemkhathini, iziphuphutheki kwamaplanethi kanye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ukweqa uhlelo inkanyezi. Kanjani indawo yonke futhi isibalo saso elikhulu zemithala akunqunywa ngokunembile, kodwa ukufunda mayelana amaplanethi eseduze, okuningi bungatholakala. Zonke iplanethi ezungeza yethu zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: amaplanethi eliwumhlaba giant. Cabanga ukuza kithi.

Iplanethi EwuMhlaba Group

Leli qembu lihlanganisa okuthiwa amaplanethi eduze nomjikelezo woMhlaba futhi aqukethe evele kanzima. Ngaphezu Umhlaba, zingabantu: Mercury, Venus ne-Mars. Yiqiniso, iningi wafunda ngazo zonke lezi amaplanethi liyizwe esiyingqayizivele. Nge landscape yayo Amazing nobuhle, osomkhathi, ukubukela wakhe kusukela isikhala, bebhekisela kukho ngokuthi iparele blue endaweni epholile.

Kuyaphenywa ukubunjwa Umhlaba ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zomculo zokuzamazama komhlaba, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi ngaphakathi planethi core red-hot sizungezwe nesiphuku. Small ebusweni obukhulu libizwa koqweqwe. Kuyinto lezi izifundo ziye zasiza ukunquma ukuthi kwamanye amaplanethi ezintathu eliwumhlaba akheke ngendlela efanayo futhi zifana kakhulu nomunye.

mercury

Iplanethi eziseduze Sun - Mercury - lincane uma liqhathaniswa ne-Earth. Kuyinto kancane izikhathi 20 kuka isisindo umhlaba futhi unamahlangothi 2.5 izikhathi ezincane kuno ukuthi Zomhlaba. ijubane azungeza axis awo kuyinto 58,7 izinsuku Earth, kanye Mercury ujikeleza Sun e 88 izinsuku Earth. Iplanethi usondelene kakhulu inkanyezi, izinga lokushisa ohlangothini libalele mkhulu kuka-400 degrees Celsius, kodwa ohlangothini reverse zonke yiqhwa ngesikhathi -200 degrees.

Ngo-2009 kuphela, izinga lesikhutha ososayensi bakwazi ukwenza amabalazwe lokuqala emhlabeni, esekelwe izithombe etholwe egijima ku mkhathi wakhe. Mercury akanawo umoya ayo futhi kufana kakhulu satellite iplanethi yethu - inyanga. Ngenxa yokuthi isondele kakhulu ilanga orbit okweqanda zocwaningo kwenziwe kunzima kakhulu.

Venus ubuhle

Kuyinto ibanga lesibili kusukela ilanga iplanethi kokuba nomkhathi wawo. Ungase ucabange ukuthi ukuphila kungenzeka ku Venus, kodwa, ngeshwa, akusiyo. Isibhakabhaka le mbulunga wenziwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane nabanolaka. Ngokwengxenye enkulu liphethe carbon dioxide, kodwa iqukethe ezinobuthi ezifana sulfuric acid.

Venus uzungeza ilanga, ebe ngokushesha kunokuba Earth, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi e esesayidini ke. Inzuzo usuphothuliwe ezinsukwini 225 futhi axis awo - izinsuku 243. Ngenxa kwabantu emkhathini phezu lokushisa iplanethi idlula degrees 500 Celsius. Ngakho, it is etholwe ezishisayo solar system namaplanethi.

Umhlaba - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka pearl

Umhlaba - the wafunda kakhulu wonke amaplanethi. Wafundiswa eminyaka, kodwa kuphela ekhulwini XX wakwazi ukuthola izimpendulo imibuzo ephakanyiswe ngaphambili. Yini ifomu yakhe, lapho-ke kuthé, nezinye izinkinga. I kuqala leza ku ososayensi emkhathini iye yaqinisekisa nekucabangela abuye waqinisekisa iqiniso elingenakuphikwa: umhlaba nxazonke kanye elenga lutho emkhathini. Namuhla, thina kahle uyazi emkhathini futhi ngenxa konke bekwazi ukuphila lapho ngokuphepha.

Bathola nokuthi iplanethi yethu ikhona ibhande kazibuthe, okuyinto uyakwazi ukuvikela zonke izinto eziphilayo ukusuka eziyingozi ilanga le misebe bese ama-solar wind. Lezi thuthuva kungabonakala nasemkhakheni njengoba izibani wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi.

Kufanele futhi ishiwo omangalisayo Earth satellite - the Moon. Kuyinto ilingane Isivinini kokubili emhlabeni axis awo kanye emhlabeni Earth, ngenxa lalokhu lingabonakala uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela-ke. Yilokhu kunomthelela yokuthi inyanga futhi uyisihlangu iplanethi futhi ithola inani elikhulu emkhathini iwe phezu. Ingaphezulu Moon ibilokhu wafunda kahle, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo eziningi noma ayimigodi zibizwa ososayensi bathola kubo. Inqobo nje uma luhlala kuphela isikhala into, lapho umuntu esiwavakashele.

Mars

Esesine amaplanethi eliwumhlaba. Planethi ebomvu igcwele izimfihlo eziningi. iplanethi emkhathini lula ngokwanele, kantsi sicuketse loku ikakhulukazi isikhutha, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo esinqunyiwe kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Mars ngokuvamile zineminyaka isivunguvungu, lapho Isivinini umoya ifinyelela 100 m / s. Kusukela iplanethi uhlala yamanzi wathola, ososayensi baye wasikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungesikhathi esezadlula. Ngonyaka kuyi-Mars izinsuku 687, futhi izinga lokushisa aliphumi ngenhla lokususa 23 degrees ehlobo. Ngalesi lokushisa, impilo, ngomqondo ongokwemvelo bezwi, akunakwenzeka ukuba Mars.

Kuze kube manje, search iqhubeka impucuko ezisemkhathini. Ososayensi Andrisi wafumana amanzi emhlabeni ngaphandle komthala, kodwa manje nje Ukuqagela. On iplanethi okuthiwa u-Osiris, akhiwe kude zeminyaka ukukhanya 150, ambalwa okuyigugu Kusolakala atholakala ukuhlaziywa Spectral. Ezikhathini eziningi imizamo ososayensi ukuthola impucuko ezisemkhathini zizibuyisela.

isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle is a unique kancane. It iseningizimu indawo ekahle emthaleni i-Milky Way ngoba ukuphila kuwo. Nakuba abakwazi ukuthola isimiso esinjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye baqaphela nesimiso sikanozungezilanga eyingqayizivele ngezinhlobo zayo.