Biological Inhlangano

Wildlife kuyinto ephelele, kodwa ngempela uhlelo heterogeneous, ngokuba yikuphi isici inhlangano nge yokwehlayo ecacile. Kuyinto lokhu impahla nokubonakalisa amazinga okuthiwa yenhlangano zokuphila. Kulesi simiso, yonke ahlelwe kahle, kusukela phansi ukuya esiseqophelweni eliphezulu.

Biological Inhlangano - uhlelo phezulu by oda okhonzile ukuthi ubonisa hhayi kuphela uhlobo eziphilayo, kodwa futhi inkinga yabo kancane kancane maqondana nomunye. Namuhla isinqumo ukwaba amazinga eziyisishiyagalombili main

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinhlangano ezilandelayo kohlelo:

1. Micro - a doorganizmennaya ezithile esiteji ukuthi kuhlanganisa amazinga ezinto subcellular.

2. Mezosistema - esilandelayo, ezingeni organismic. Lezi zihlanganisa cell, izicubu, sitho, uhlelo, futhi amazinga umzimba yenhlangano zokuphila.

Kukhona futhi Macro okuyinto bakha sebuningini Superorganismal emazingeni.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngalinye lizinga has izici zayo siqu, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Doorganizmennye eziphilayo Inhlangano

Kukhona samukelwa ukwaba izinyathelo ezimbili eziyisisekelo:

1. Yamamolekhula eziphilayo Inhlangano - limele izinga wokusebenza kanye nenhlangano macromolecules yemvelo, kuhlanganise namaprotheni, acid nucleic, lipids futhi polysaccharides. Lapha iqala izinqubo ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwanoma iyiphi umzimba - iseli emishinini yokuphefumula, amandla ukuguqulwa kanye nokudlulisela ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo.

2. Izinga Subcellular - lapha zihlanganisa inhlangano organelles cell, ngalinye elikwazi wenza indima ebalulekile amaseli ukuphila.

Organismic eziphilayo Inhlangano

Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuqotho umzimba wonke. It isinqumo ukwaba lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Cellular eziphilayo Inhlangano. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ingqamuzana iyunithi isakhi iyiphi eziphilayo. Leli zinga sifundwa usebenzisa cytological, cytochemical, cytogenetic futhi izindlela microbiological.

2. amazinga Tissue. Lapha kugxilwa kufanele zikhokhelwe isakhiwo, izici kanye nokusebenza izinhlobo ezahlukene izicubu, zazo, eqinisweni, aqukethe emizimbeni. Lolu cwaningo zalezi zakhiwo ehilelekile Histology futhi histochemistry.

3. Isitho ezingeni. eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi zinezikhathi ileveli entsha inhlangano. Nazi ezinye amaqembu izindwangu ehlangana, ukwakha isakhiwo anokuhambisana nge imisebenzi ethize. isitho ngasinye siyingxenye eziphilayo, kodwa awukwazi ngokuzimela khona ngaphandle kwayo. Leli zinga yokutadisha wesayensi ezifana izitho zomzimba, nokwakheka Embryology ngesilinganiso esithile.

ezingeni Organismal limelela zombili izinto eziphilayo unicellular futhi amaningi. Phela, zonke umzimba kuyinto uhlelo oluhlangene ngaphakathi okuyinto eyenziwa zonke izinqubo zokuphila ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyabhekelelwa futhi inqubo sokukhulelwa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula, kanye ukuguga i umzimba ngamanye. alolu ufundwa sciences ka izitho zomzimba, Embryology, izakhi zofuzo, umumo womzimba, i-paleontology nesayensi.

Supraorganismal eziphilayo Inhlangano

Lapha ziyabhekelelwa akuzona izinto eziphilayo futhi izingxenye zazo kwesakhiwo ezithile eziphilayo.

1. Izinga Population eqondene. Iyunithi eziyisisekelo nansi labantu - iqoqo eziphilayo uhlobo oluthile ukuthi uhlala endaweni kahle ichazwe. Bonke laba bantu bayakwazi beyizalaniselana ngokukhululekile nabanye. Lolu cwaningo abathintekayo kuleli zinga isayensi ezifana taxonomy, ngesimiso semvelo, labantu zofuzo, biogeography, taxonomy.

2. Ecosystem ezingeni - ziyabhekelelwa imiphakathi esimeme kwenani ezahlukene, khona lapho kuhlobene eduze futhi sincike imvelo ezingaphili, izimo zezulu, njll Ngokuvamile, isifundo ezingeni yenhlangano ehilelekile ngemvelo ..

3. Biosphere ezingeni - oluphakeme kakhulu yenhlangano wokuphila, okuyinto iqoqo lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo yonke le mbulunga biogeocenosis.