Ingcindezi Amayunithi

abantu okokuqala bebhekene nenkinga yokulinganisa ingcindezi ekwakhiweni nemithombo Florence. Ngenhlanhla abakhi ophilayo physics Torricelli, owathuthela inkinga esuka esakhiweni lab wakhe, esikhundleni amanzi ne-mercury for more isipiliyoni ezihlangene.

Umlando ushiye ubufakazi bendlela kuvulwa physics Italian wasiza abakhi, kodwa iqiniso wokuthi isintu siye samukela ubufakazi bokuba khona umfutho womoya, akunakuphikwa.

Torricelli baton wacosha omkhulu Blez Paskal, owakwazi ukukala ingcindezi komoya kanye ukufakazela empirically ukuthi kuncike ukuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngakho, ingcindezi lokuqala iyunithi ayebizwe HG ukuphakama ulinganiswa amayintshi futhi izindololwane. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo, amayunithi yesimanje yokucindezelwa nesilinganiso zibizwa ososayensi ababili.

Sokulinganisa ingcindezi isicelo amathuluzi ahlukahlukene. I elula kunazo - a manometer ketshezi. Kuthiwa indlela yakhe wayebe nesandla uLeonardo da Vinci, kodwa futhi leyo ka Ukuqagela yakhe ekhaliphile kwakungekho ukusetshenziswa esikhathini sakhe.

Kuphela kusukela esikhathini Pascal ukukala ingcindezi baqala ukusebenzisa ngamapayipi ezimise U-ezigcwele mercury. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mercury salandelwa ngamafutha cleaner.

Uma kwenzeka yezingcindezi alinganayo both qeda of tube ezingeni ketshezi kuyafana, lapho ingcindezi sisetshenziswa kulowo ekupheleni tube kukhona umehluko ukuphakama.

P * (1) -P * (2) = gph, lapho g - ukusheshisa umzimba falling ngokukhululekile, P - ketshezi ukuminyana, h - umehluko ukuphakama e amazinga manometer ketshezi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi manometers ketshezi babe sensitivity high, emkhakheni wabo isicelo ngempela kungagcini ngenxa ngobuningi babo, okungalungile ukuxhashazwa, kanye wokulinganisa ububanzi sincane, kusukela 20 KPA ukuba 140 KPA.

With ekuthuthukisweni ubuchwepheshe ezikhulayo ngokuthandwa waqala ukuthatha ingcindezi Izikali nge Bourdon tube, ngamanye amazwi bebizwa ukusonteka. Ngaphakathi lokhu uphawu tube C emise zethusi nge indlela igiya. Lapho ukucindezela kwabanye lisetshenziswa ekupheleni khulula tube is waqonda, futhi gear ihamba umcibisholo elikhombisa inani ingcindezi kulesi silinganiso iziqu zedivayisi. I eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuma tube, ezincane iphutha iyithuluzi.

Izikali Mechanical asetshenziselwa yokulinganisa ingcindezi evela 40 KPA ukuze 100MPa. Basuke izimpawu Ukuwohloka ukunemba nesilinganiso ngesikhathi operation okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungenxa ukusonteka unomphela element zokusebenza.

Ukuze nesilinganiso ingcindezi ejabhile ka-8 * 10 ^ 3 GPA esetshenziswa Izikali piezoelectric.

Ngokomlando, ukuthi amayunithi ingcindezi kungukuthi bahlobene kuyinto multiple of, kubonakala sengathi lapha kukhona nezinxushunxushu ephelele. Ifomula jikelele ngoba ingcindezi nesilinganiso kanje: P = F / S lapho P - ingcindezi, F - force, S - ndawo. Ngo uhlelo SI, ungamandla ulinganiswa Newtons, le square metres - ke ingcindezi iyunithi umgamu ngulona n / m ^ 2, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi Pascal. Nokho, umkhuba ngokuvamile zisebenzisa Amabha ngaphezulu kanye nomkhathi, tori mmHg amanzi mm ikholomu, kg / cm ^ 2.

Masizame ukucacisa lolu daba. Amayunithi umfutho womoya - lokhu mmHg noma torr; njengoba wazi, abamukelwa njengamadodana ingcindezi esezingeni asemkhathini kuyinto 760 mm HG - lesi silinganiso ibizwa ngokuthi umkhathi; ibha cishe elilodwa umoya - kuba iyunithi GHS ubudala; zisekhona umoya lobuchwepheshe, okuyinani elilingana komunye kg / cm ^ 2 - zonke lezi zimiso ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo Units Elivamile igesi ingcindezi nokukala; mm amanzi ikholomu isetshenziswa hydraulics futhi 13.6 Torus. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-physics pascal nemikhiqizo yalo babhekwa njengabantu uhlelo olulodwa ingcindezi amayunithi.