Imfundiso kaDarwin: i yisandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ingqikithi nomqondo kwemvelo Darwin sehliselwe umugqa okunengqondo, kuqinisekiswa ucwaningo kanye nezinye izikhundla ucwaningo. Ngakho, kwakutholakala ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo libhekene ukushintshashintsha ngabanye zofuzo ngenxa yananoma yiziphi izizathu ophilayo; banda exponentially; ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo kukhona umzabalazo khona sisebenza ukulinganiselwa kwemithombo kubalulekile; e kusinda bese uqhubeke nokuzala abantu ingashintshwa kuphela.

Ngakho, i-main ukushayela amabutho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - ukushintshashintsha zofuzo, kwemvelo kanye umzabalazo khona. Ake sihlole kabanzi ngamunye wabo.

1. ukushintshashintsha Ukubambezeleka ngcono wama-chromosomes nezakhi zofuzo, kanye ukuvela inhlanganisela ahlukahlukene inzalo zezici zomzali Lokho, ke kuphakama kusukela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izici ngofuzo wachaza ngokuphinda kuguquka kanye ithrekhi ngabanye bodwa, nakho kunendima okuyifezayo endaweni yazo.

Ukuvela eziphilayo ushintsho zofuzo ihlanganisa ukwenziwa imvelo kanye amayunithi ophilayo, akha i-chromosome inhlanganisela yimpumelelo. Nokho, kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo idatha abathwali izakhi zofuzo kuholela izinguquko izici lezinceku umzimba nokubonisa e ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, laba abenza lezo zinto eziqinile.

Variability kuyinto of ezintathu izinhlobo:

a) ezithile - yokufuna kwenani elithile amayunithi ngohlobo olulodwa izici ezintsha;

b) kokuhlukana nanini - ukuvela ezihlukahlukene izici ezincane ukuthi angeke sachaza, abamele zenye;

c) correlative roomates - nawubuka aluthola izici umzimba.

Ngakho, yisandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okungukuthi ukushintshashintsha zofuzo, zenzeka ngenxa ukuxhumana kolwazi zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye izimo ezithile imvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo aluthola ziphikelela isikhathi izizukulwane eziningi.

2. Ukulwela khona - mshini ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo futhi izici bemvelo ezingaphili, ngenxa ikhono labantu nokuzala (ukwanda izinombolo yabo) kanye antulayo (indawo, ukudla, njll). Ukwabela elandelayo izinhlobo:

a) ukulawula izimo ezibucayi zemvelo, ezifana ngokweqile noma ukuntula ukukhanya, umswakama, izinga lokushisa ushintsho;

b) emzabalazweni ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile - kuwumphumela ukufana izidingo abameleli lolu hlobo;

c) emzabalazweni interspecific - sivezwe kula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ngakho, ezifana the yisandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, le kokuhlukana futhi impi ngoba khona, kuhlobene kakhulu, kusukela kuqala ikhuthaza lithathelwe zinhlobo kwizimo imvelo ezingaphili, okuholela intuthuko begazi.

3. yemvelo Ukukhetha - sokusinda indlela ikhomba amayunithi nezinguquko zofuzo ezidingekayo kanye ukubuyabuyelela kwabo okwengeziwe. Ukukhethwa kuwumphumela umzabalazo khona. Ukunikeza izindlela zayo ezilandelayo:

a) kumiswa izinguquko zofuzo;

b) okusinda kanye nabantu nalezi izinguquko imvelo ezifanele;

c) ukukhiqizwa kabusha zalamaqembu.I, ukwanda kwenani labo ngisho nokusatshalaliswa izinguquko ewusizo zofuzo.

Amabutho ukushayela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, uxhumana nomunye, asivumela ukuba wakuchaza kanjani ukwakheka nezinye izinhlobo ngokwemvelo. Izinto eqoqwe emagatsheni ahlukene biology, abe isiphetho esinengqondo kuphela uma ngabe zihambisana isimiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Okufanela omkhulu esikhathini sikaCharles Darwin ukuchaza inqubo yentuthuko kanye kumiswa zilwane. Leli qiniso wenza imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo of imfundiso kaDarwin yamukelwe.