Reserve Karadag eCrimea. Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esiqiwini Karadag

Reserve Karadag (kusuka Turkic - "Black Intaba") - ekhoneni enhle kunazo eCrimea, okuyinto ethandwa iningi izivakashi kule nhlonhlo. Kunombhalo yayo ingxenye eningizimu-asempumalanga, phakathi imizi Spa, Koktebel futhi Shebetovka (eduze Feodosia), nguye kuphela eYurophu into Geological, okuyinto iyisonto mlilo yokuqothulwa lasendulo.

Karadag reserve: Volcano

kuqhuma wayo ukuthi kwenzeka eminyakeni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-120 edlule, futhi elandela izinqubo zemvelo kwaholela ekusungulweni kwe-eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyingqayizivele olunothile, ngokubabazekayo futhi eyingqayizivele. Black Sea ngasogwini Karadag ubukeka amazing: amanzi elikhazimulayo eliluhlaza-blue, njengomuntu frosting anombala kanye njalo kushintsha umbala kusuka oluluhlaza kwamathenda cornflower aluhlaza, ukuncintisana blue wasezulwini.

Sveta Gora Karadag: izimangaliso zokuphulukisa

Massif Karadaga ezakhiwe vertices eziningana Umumo kwendle efana izindonga ungenakunqotshwa nge yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili futhi imibhoshongo. Ngemuva kwabo kumi oluyingungu oNgcwele Intaba - iphuzu esiphezulu the Karadag ukuphakama 577 amamitha. Embozwe ukhuni, yakhiwa cishe ngokuphelele ithrekhi - rock ezakhiwe umlotha wentaba-mlilo nokuba umbala ogqamile. Endulo kwaba esiqongweni intaba engcwele unkulunkulukazi Kali. Esikhathini AD I ekhulwini. e. Intaba oNgcwele wayephezu indawo yokukhulekela we Asclepius unkulunkulu-umthandazi.

Ekhulwini XIX nganekwane yahlakazeka phakathi Tatar labantu, okuyinto Intaba oNgcwele wayephezu ethuneni ukumakwa we saint, okuphulukisa abagulayo. Yiluphi ukholo kwakungekaNkulunkulu isimangaliso isisebenzi, kwakungaziwa ukuthi kungani yena waba wayelihlonipha futhi amaSulumane namaKristu. Eduzane kusihlwa izixuku zabantu yafinyelela esiqiwini zamanje Karadag waziletha le ndawo ezinqoleni ezigulini ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwe ziye cut zingu izinwele futhi zezingubo zokugqoka, bababopha amagatsha nezihlahla sinombono ukugcina isifo kule ndawo. Isiguli wabekwa itshe lethuna embozwe babesendlalela izikhumba zezimvu, washiya ngobusuku obubodwa. Ephusheni kwaba uMoya oNgcwele, ngokuhunyushwa imbangela isifo, uphawu bafaka lesigceme sakhe noma yokutakula wathumela. Prakthiza ngesimangaliso sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona, cishe ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili.

Kusukela umbono wesayensi ephulukisa amakhono we iNtaba Engcwele alichaza umphumela zanqwabelana kule ndawo yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba amandla inomthelela kakhulu isimo sezulu, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. A sepulchral setshe (itshe - megalith) kuyinto accumulator wamandla, yasha, kugridi intshontshiwe, endaweni bawona phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Okwamanje, imizamo zenziwa ukubuyisela izinsalela alahlekile.

Karadag idwala

Karadag egicna imvelo, umlando okuyinto Kuthi fantastic inganekwane, okwakheke rock esiyingqayizivele, kwakheka bedle zemvelo futhi zifane nezilwane ezimangazayo A ihhashi-Gingerbread, le Sphinx, Ivan Rogue, isithupha zikaDeveli. Whole Ukwakheka thematic imele Ridge Kagarach kabani vertices abizwa ngokuthi iNkosi, Queen, esiHlalweni sobukhosi, Sweet. Kwezinye izindawo ezintabeni ukubohla kancane, ukwembula Cove encane nge amabhishi ewumngcingo-Kwakwakhiwa, futhi nokuba igama engavamile: Ixoxo, carnelian, ibhubesi, Border, inkunzi, Barakhta.

Golden Gate - ibhizinisi ikhadi Karadag

zokwakheka Rock Golden Gate kuyinto bokuthi Karadag. izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka (eduze usuku lwasebusika lapho imini imfushane), okuyothi ungajabulela sempumalanga. It is ukuthi isango emfushane Karadag owawusekelwe wesandla ka "Eugene Onegin" NJENGOBA eyaziwa Pushkin, owayehamba e Tauris. Isango Golden has namanje igama lesibili - Shaitan-kapu (okwehlukile - Gate kaDeveli). Kukholakala ukuthi kule ndawo kukhona endleleni esihogweni. Ngaphandle, kweSango Golden kukhona lwaleli, ukujula kwamanzi ngaphansi okuyinto 15 metres, ukuphakama ngaphezu kolwandle - 8 mitha, ububanzi - 6 amamitha. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi, ngomkhumbi ngaphansi kwalesi lwaleli, baphonse uhlamvu lwemali edwaleni (ngakho-ke rang) futhi ngokushesha yenza isifiso surely sondela.

Ohlukile Karadag

Karadag reserve (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi) uhlukile hhayi kuphela yamadwala nasemigodini ezintabeni ifomu ezehlukile, kodwa futhi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kuyinto indawo yemvelo esengozini, ezingavamile futhi sendawo (zitholakala kule ndawo kuphela) zama-yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Karadag reserve - a Biocomplex indawo YaseCrimea ahlukile, ngokuhlanganyela landscape olunothile, izimo engavamile zemvelo, imali amaminerali ezingavamile, isakhiwo Geological esiyingqayizivele, izenzakalo zomlando Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ka ososayensi emhlabeni wonke kanye abathandi bemvelo, izivakashi kule nhlonhlo kanye nezivakashi.

Ezemfundo Karadag Reserve

Kungenxa mass ngokuvakashela eCrimea kwamiswa iparele 1979 Karadag egicna imvelo, indawo embozwe cishe izinkulungwane 2.9 amahektha, zazo 809 amahektha - Sea endaweni amanzi. lokhu isilinganiso bekutlhogeka nje wakhonza njengomdala umfutho beqinisa nokuvikeleka isimo ethandwa zensimu. Angahlelekile, zasendle, ezokuvakasha ziye zaba imboni a ingcebo usongo mineralogical ka Karadag, futhi kwadala umonakalo ngokuthi flora - umlilo - nezilwane - ukuhlukunyezwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka esiqiwini - isilinganiso kudingekile, nakuba kancane belated: zilwane ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo izinyoni ezinkulu ezizingelayo, amalulwane nezinye izilwane ziye zanyamalala kakade.

Nature Karadag inqolobane ecebile zinhlobo futhi emelelwa esishintshashintshayo ezintathu:

• kusukela lolwandle 250 metres - zone asemaqeleni, ehlathini buhlanjululwe nezihlahla;
• kusuka ngamamitha 250 kuya 450 - ehlathini pubescent kwesihlahla se-okhi;
• ngenhla 450 metres - hornbeam futhi sessile-oki.

Ngo eCrimea, zikhona mayelana 2.400 zezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali. Futhi cishe kwesigamu kubo ayatholakala Karadag. Yonke izitshalo imvelo ihlanganisa 2.782 zinhlobo, eziningi zazo kufakwe Red Data Izincwadi sabantu bezigaba ezingafani. Zikhona izitshalo ezihlala kuphela lapha futhi kwenye indawo.

Ezweni zezemfundo isikhathi eside kunempikiswano, akukho reserve Karadag entabeni eCrimea ne ngokucijile sihluke asemaqeleni ingxenye yale nhlonhlo, futhi isikhumbuzi lokugcina Black Sea Atlantis - Pontida, ukuxhumanisa enhlonhlweni ne-Turkish Black Sea coast esisodwa. Lokhu ngokungaqondile ukhombise geography sezulu esiqiwini Karadag. Pontida angakhuthazwa exhumene ome izwe eCaucasus and aseBalkan: enye indlela ayengase avele lapha zijwayeza phansi, nezitshalo eyinqaba kuphela kulezi zifunda.

Karadag reserve: Izilwane

Karadag zezilwane kubangele isithakazelo esikhulu. Lokhu uheshe, ingwe umgijimi afakwe International Red Book. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle amelwa amalulwane zonke ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo. Phakathi izinambuzane ezingavamile bungabonakala YaseCrimea phansi ibhungane, owlfly, ezinkulu intethe ukundiza (asemaqeleni Dybok), Kunezinhlobo eziningi mantis. Lihlala le marten itshe, YaseCrimea futhi idwala izibankwa, izingwejeje, onogwaja zisagcwele izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-200, nakuba kungebona bonke isidleke lapha.

Izakhamuzi amanzi Karadag

Sea edonsela ubumsulwa amanzi nokwehluka phansi (igobolondo idwala, amadwala, isihlabathi), okwenza ukujula ezingenamgogodla benthic, ikakhulukazi ezinamagobolondo, annelids futhi bivalves. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izakhamuzi amanzi Karadag bakha 50-70% azo zonke nezilwane Black Sea. Futhi Karadag Beach ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana amahlengethwa Black Sea. Inani Ukudoba kukhona izimbaza. Ngeshwa, wanyamalala omunye ngokudoba Black Sea izimbaza - oyster. Lokhu kungenxa ukusabalala brine Black Sea - Umnenke okuzingela Ekude. Kule umhlaseli abe nolaka ngaphezu oyster wahlupheka ezinye bivalves Black Sea: a modiolyus esikhulu, i-scallop, polititapes. Nokho, manje yena rapana bakamalalahlengezela ukusakaza ngasogwini Karadag, baba zilwane target, kanye amagobolondo yayo enhle ngempumelelo ngokuthwebula izivakashi.

Karadag silo ukhona?

Amanzi Karadag, ngokusho legend lasendulo, uhlalwe isilo sasolwandle. Woza phansi izindaba abaseRoma, nakumaGreki baseByzantium, kubukeka sengathi i-amakhulu amnyama-grey inyoka ngezidladla omkhulu clawed, umlomo scary, uphosa a imigqa ambalwa sinamazinyo amakhulu acijile bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngesivinini ukunyakaza okusezingeni eliphezulu, kuyomfica kalula imikhumbi. Esikhathini XVI-XVIII eminyaka amatilosi Turkish ngokuphindaphindiwe yazisa Sultan ukuhlangana inyoka Black Sea. Sibone kuye, nezinduna asolwandle Admiral Fedora Ushakova, ukubika lolu daba uMbusi uNicholas I. Inkosi yaze yathumela uhambo ukubamba isilo, kodwa yena akuphumelelanga. iqanda elikhulu watholwa drakonoobraznym umbungu vesivshee 12 amakhilogramu.

Lezi zinganekwane ziye ukuqinisekisile ngo-1990, lapho abadobi 3 amakhilomitha ukusuka lapho Karadag inqolobane amanethiwekhi udonse umzimba efile we ihlengethwa. Ukwahlulela ngomlomo bite ububanzi isilo sasolwandle wawuqhele cishe imitha, namazinyo - 4-5 amasentimitha. umzingeli Seen waphonsa abadobi okukhulu. Ngo-1991, iphethini ngonyaka odlule sika kwaphinda kwenzeka e inethiwekhi cishe endaweni efanayo babamba ihlengethwa nge ukulimala efanayo.

Karadag isivakashi Peninsula

Karadag egicna imvelo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye: evulekile - izivakashi, kanye ephephile - ngokuqinile evikelwe. Ukuze izivakashi ukuza lapha ngenjabulo, nemvelo Museum wavula Dolphinarium futhi Aquarium, olwenziwa isikebhe uhambo, ihlele ukuthi indlela emvelweni kanye nemizila egandayiwe ukumboza izingxenye ezithakazelisayo kakhulu esiqiwini; Noma kunjalo, avikelekile ekuhlaselweni oqondile.

Karadag eziphilayo Station and Reserve njalo ezabhalwa izimila nezilwane, ukuqhuba olunzulu ucwaningo, isifundo nezilwane benthic ne-plankton zasolwandle. Ngesisekelo esiqiwini ukudlula umkhuba abafundi amandla Geological futhi begazi izikhungo eziningi zemfundo.