Dnestr iMoldavian Republic: ibalazwe, uhulumeni, umengameli, lwemali nomlando

Ngemva kokuwa zwe elikhulukazi, okuyinto ethatha le wesithupha ezweni, ezakhiwe sebuningini uthi ezimele ukuthi ngokushesha sibhekene nobunzima eziningi. Futhi ngisho ezinye emhlabeni enqaba ngayo ukuqaphela. Lona Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic. It is ehlala abantu abanesibindi abangagcini nje inselele wonke "ophucukile" isintu, kodwa futhi bamelana impendulo ingcindezi. Nokho, umlando waleli isimo ayibonwa yiwo wonke ithakazelisa kakhulu. ukubukeka kwakhe kumephu emhlabeni ngenxa nje kuphela intando labantu, kodwa futhi izenzakalo ezidlule. Kuqondane ukuthi kule ndawo kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili wangena Empire Russian. Kodwa ake sixoxe kancane shí esikhathini esidlule.

Indlela Lungiselela endaweni

Umlando Transnistria akuyona ezahlukene okuningi okwakuvela emazweni angomakhelwane. Ezikhathini zasendulo, endaweni kwaba ayinabantu abaningi. Ngokuyinhloko wahlala lapha izizwe Slavic futhi Turkic. Ngaleso sikhathi, endaweni wawuyingxenye Kievan Rus, yayibizwa kufakwe Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Ekhulwini XIV ezweni lidlule phakathi Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Njengoba izakhamuzi babembalwa ke aphuma ngaphansi eyodwa enegunya kwenye akuyona ikakhulukazi ezithinta abantu. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini nesishiyagalombili, ngemuva kokuthi idatha isifakwe endaweni yoMbuso wase-Russian waqala izinguquko. Ukunakekela kwemikhawulo nokuvikela, isimo wakhuthaza yokufuduka izakhamizi kulezi zindawo. Inani labantu laliphakathi sezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi izakhamuzi zakhona wahlangana baseBulgaria kanye isiRashiya, amaJalimane namaGreki, futhi-ke, i-baseMoldova. Ngemva inguquko, le baseMoldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yasungulwa endaweni. Yayiyingxenye Ukraine SSR. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1939, lapho Romania waphoqeleka ukuba ubuyele inyunyana ezindaweni phambilini obuwaziwa matasa, kwamiswa lo iMoldavian SSR, eyayihlanganisa kokubili idatha umhlaba. Ukuze siqonde izizathu okuyinto abantu abahlala endaweni, akazange ufisa ukuhlala ingxenye Moldova entsha, kubalulekile ukwazi umlando wayo.

Industrial Ukwakhiwa Complex

Ngemva ukwakheka iziphathimandla iMoldavian waqala ukuthumela ochwepheshe lapha kusukela republic aseSoviet. Empeleni thina kabusha insimu samanje Ukraine futhi Russian. Ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe, kulapha lapho wadala amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini. Ngesikhathi lasungulwa njengoba injalo zamanje Pridnestrovie wanika u-40% we-GDP, u-90% kagesi elakhiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babusekelwe 14 azihlanganisa ibutho Yiqiniso, ingqalasizinda eyanele yadalwa. It kuvela ukuthi namuhla Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic iye yagxila insimu yalo cishe lonke ezingaba zezimboni yezwe, kwakhiwa emva kokuwa USSR.

Esemthethweni, kodwa hhayi obonwa kusaqhuba uhulumeni omusha

Lesi sigameko senzeke ngesikhathi izwe lethu ngaphambilini omkhulu isihlakazeka ibe izingxenye eziyishumi nanhlanu. Okungukuthi, yilesi sigaba ubelokhu eqashelwa UN, kodwa hhayi abantu. Njengoba Moldova sesakhiwe ngokomlando kusuka ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene kakhulu, labantu bayo lahlukaniswa laba "makamu". Isikhungo kubhekwa indawo yonke. Kuphela Pridnestrovie labetibambile unombono ohlukile. MSSR ephalamende zamukela le "Ukuvezwa Independence", okuyinto usula umphumela umthetho kwi ukwakheka republic ngaphakathi Union. Kodwa isenzo efanayo uma ebugqilini insimu ka Transdniestria ubudlelwane uhulumeni nge ezweni elisha njengoba kwahlanganiswa ephalamende iMoldavian kukhanselwe isinqumo salo. In Tiraspol, hhayi udidekile futhi bamemezela yesihlanu Novemba 1991 Pmr (igama eliphelele - the Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic) ukuthi ekuqondeni kwabo kwaba ngokomlando ngempela okunengqondo.

Administrative - division indawo

Pmr kuyinto republic ebumbeneko, siqukethe amayunithi eziyisikhombisa zokuphatha. Bahlanganisa ezifundeni eziyisihlanu futhi amadolobha amabili, ukulalela-republic. It - Bender futhi Tiraspol. Dnestr iMoldavian Republic (ngenhla) inezidingo izimpawu zalo nesimo. Maka kuyinto ifulege nge red strip oluhlaza phakathi. Ekhoneni zitholakala isando sawela isikela. Kule nsimu kukhona amadolobha eziyisishiyagalombili nasemizaneni namashumi amane ezintathu nasemizaneni iziteshi ezine ujantshi. Ingxenye nemizana engaphansi nokuphathwa Moldova. Ngo-2011, inani labantu kudlulwe bezizwe ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Iningi labantu (40%) bazibheke baseMoldova, Ukraine - 26%, Russian - 24%. Pmr uhulumeni usebenzisa ngezilimi ezintathu ezisemthethweni kuqondwe abamele amaqembu ayinhloko yobuhlanga. inkolo Main - ubuKristu, nakuba umsebenzi kanye namanye amaqembu zezenkolo.

isikhundla ezindawo

Transdniestrian Republic of Moldova (ikhadi wakhe isivakashi esihlokweni) ngokwanele strip emincane ezweni sandwiched phakathi eMoldova nase-Ukraine. Awunaye indlela yokungena olwandle. Le ndawo kulo lonke leli zwe - 4163 amakhilomitha square. Okuthathelwa kukho: okweshumi yangaphambili iMoldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Pmr uMongameli usebenza in Tiraspol, inhloko-dolobha yezwe. Kukhona futhi zitholakala zonke izinkampani zikahulumeni. Indawo flat, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela imishayo. Holdings Land aqukethe ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi emnyama. Isimo sezulu esipholile Continental, imvula akwanele, kodwa ezolimo ayiyona ingozi, njengoba iningi umfula ugeleza badabula leyo ndawo - Dniester. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali kanye has i-republic. Pmr ethuthuka ingilazi Sands, imali ngohlalwane nokwakha e-limestone. Kukhona ubumba sobumba. Emahlathini ukuthi zitholakala emithambekeni eMfuleni Dniester, atholakala izingulube zasendle, intendele, hare Otter, impungushe, Ermine. River nikeza inhlanti imizimba amanzi futhi Sturgeon.

Kushayisana Moldova

Isimo self-wamemezela ayaziwangwa njengengxenye eqinile ayengaphansi iMoldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, okuyinto, ngokusho definition UN, has nomlandeli wayo wezomthetho. Ingxabano isikhathi eside wazama ukuxazulula. uhlelo baseMoldova ubuholi sika ukuthula yadalwa, owawuthi Pmr kwakudingeka simise "inhlangano quin" yakhe. Eqinisweni, idokhumenti sinqatshiwe ngokuzijamela indawo, elase ngokusemthethweni babe yingxenye Moldova, siqala nge amandla ezahlukene. Tiraspol yasiphikisa isiphakamiso ngoba yayisekelwe isimiso demilitarization, kuba nhlobo emphakathini. Kube usongo ezingqubuzana kakhulu ahlomile.

Okwamanje, ukuphepha isekelwa amasosha, emelelwa wezempi Russian, baseMoldova nowasekhaya. Naphezu izingxoxo njalo ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi OSCE, ukwehlisa abantu imimoya kokungqubuzana akunakwenzeka ukufeza. Igagasi odlule kwaba entwasahlobo ka-2014, lapho abantu balapha waphendukela owayengumongameli waseRussia nge isicelo isinqumo ukubusa neRussia kuya Pmr. Lo mcimbi senzeka ngemva entwasahlobo YaseCrimea. Eshukunyiswa abane banomuzwa wokuthi ngeke nethuba ukuxhuma nezwe layo zomlando. Emuva ngo-2006, amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye eziyisikhombisa amaphesenti izakhamuzi uvotele nje ekubusweni Moldova, kodwa futhi ngoba entry okwengeziwe Russian Federation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uvotele amaphesenti ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili abavoti. Kodwa inhlolovo "umphakathi ophucukile" neyaziwayo wengcindezelo.

Pmr uMongameli

Leli zwe uMthetho-sisekelo wayo, ebheka oda futhi ifomu ukhona. Ngokomthetho eziyisisekelo, uMongameli Pmr kuyakhethwa ngevoti oqondile. Ukhetho njalo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kukhona imikhawulo ethile yezingcingo ozofakwa ukhetho. Ngenxa yalesi isikhundla ungafaka isicelo kuphela isakhamuzi weRiphabhulikhi ngubani attained engu-amathathu nanhlanu, ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi babo kulelizwe. Manje umongameli we Pmr - Shevchuk Yevgeny Vasilyevich. It has a eyandulela, osesebenze kulesi sikhundla iminyaka engamashumi amabili. It Smirnov Igor Nikolaevich, abasabelo sabo sikulokhu liye lehla eningi ubunzima ngesikhathi abahlala kuleli lizwe akukhona evamile. I last wokhetho lobumengameli yayiqhutshelwa 2011.

umnotho

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini, aziyeki umuntu engenayo kuleli zwe. Phakathi kwezinkinga okukhulunywa ngayo isimo sokuqala isimo. It ayibonwa ukuthi akunqandi ukwakha ubudlelwane bezomnotho futhi ukuze ubambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi ezinkulu. izinkampani Production zidayiswa ensimini ka Ukraine neRussia. Pmr Kugcine uye waqhubeka ukwesekwa. Ngokwesibonelo, imithombo eminingi ukhombise wokukweleta esandayo isimo engaziwa gas (amaphesenti 400 we-GDP). Lwemali Transnistria - Ruble Transnistrian. It waqala ukuveza ngo-2005. Kwegazi kukhona izikweletu kubalelwe isiqu esibizwa 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 kanye ruble 500. Kukhona futhi izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic, kanje: 5, 10, 25 no-50 amasenti. Uhlelo yasebhange, kanye nakwamanye amazwe, i-uqimba ezimbili. Eyokuqala - yisikhungo sikazwelonke, kwesibili - commercial. Lwemali ye Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic icashunwa kuphela insimu yalo. Ixhumeke enesimo esifanayo isimo engaziwa.

ezokuvakasha ezingaba

Republic uzama ukuheha abatshalizimali. Ukuze lolu hlelo ekhethekile. Le nqubomgomo kunomthelela indawo enkulu futhi evuthiwe isakhiwo ezokuthutha kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemiBhalo eminingana zasemizaneni abe umlando ocebile. The main wabo - Kamenka, lapho kukhona ezikhumbuzo eminingi yezakhiwo. Phakathi kwabo: amasonto, masimu futhi iwayini zewayini. Izakhamuzi ngenjabulo ukubonisa izivakashi Manor Field Marshal P. H. Vitgenshteyna, ingxenye yalo liyalondolozwa edolobheni. Esikhathini Pmr (isithombe) kuyinto inqolobane nemvelo - "Iagorlic". Okwamanje kubhekwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kuleli zwe ezokuvakasha green, ngoba lapho kukhona amandla anele. Izivakashi ukuncoma ngempela ukubona i-Church of St Paraskeva BaseSerbia, esemgwaqweni edolobhaneni Valea Adîncă Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi "Bendery Fortress". Izakhamuzi kufanele uyaziqhenya eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezazi "Kolkotovaya uvumelanise", kuyinto lesikhumbuzo engokwemvelo ukubaluleka izwe.

ukuvikelwa komphakathi

Pmr uhulumeni uyayiqaphela eduze nezindaba nezemfundo kanye nezempilo. Imfundo oneminyaka engu-kuphoqelekile. Ubude kuleli zwe usebenza eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nane esikoleni (eziyisithupha - yangasese). Emfundisweni amathathu nantathu ngolimi baseMoldova, ezintathu - ngesi-Ukraine, e-kwezinye - ngesiRashiya. I TMR ezintathu inyuvesi isimo, ngaphezu, kukhona amagatsha emanyuvesi Russian futhi Ukraine. Ngokwesibonelo, i-University (esikoleni eziyisisekelo) wabhalisa abafundi ayizinkulungwane nanye. Abantu abasha ungathola imfundo ephakeme eRussia, okuyinto ibona isitifiketi sabo. Healthcare usebenza ngokusebenzisa nokuxhaswa komphakathi. Ngokwezibalo, lapha sinawo bezempilo imibhede ngalinye labantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi namashumi amabili nekhulu. Kukhona izikhungo yesevisi lwezigaba ethile yezakhamuzi, kuhlanganise abesifazane nabantu omama nezingane, abakhubazekile neMpi Yezwe II.

ukuhweba

State nokuthengiswa ungumnikazi imikhiqizo kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama usimende, amatshe nesihlabathi. Okuningi ku nokuthengiswa kukhona imikhiqizo ye yokusansimbi ayoni, isiqoqi sama-softwe, amandla kanye nendwangu. Iningi imikhiqizo waqothula Russian Federation nase-Ukraine. Kodwa kukhona nozakwethu phesheya. Lena Syria naseTurkey, iSerbia Romania, emazweni angaba yikhulu kuphela. Pmr uzongenisa okufanayo igesi yemvelo feedstock ngemboni Metallurgical, uwoyela ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo. Izwe ekhiqizwa izingxenye anele isiqoqi sama-softwe, nabo kufanele amazwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo ukudla ezingenisiwe abavela kwamanye amazwe (ikakhulu imikhiqizo inyama). Abanikezela ngazo Russia nase Kazakhstan amabhizinisi of eMoldova futhi eJalimane, e-Ukraine nase-Italy. Uhulumeni ka-ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukungena idlule kakhulu emazweni angaphandle kusuka kuleli zwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ukudla. Uhlelo ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo, izimo zemvelo mahle.

imfundiso lempi

I TMR has amabutho ayo ahlomile, wadala kuphela ukuvikela insimu yalo uchuku zangaphandle. Military Imfundiso weRiphabhulikhi uvezwa njengomuntu luyingxenye ukuzivikela. Ngeshwa, ibutho uya ezibonisa ubudlova eliseduze umakhelwane - Moldova. Isakhiwo siqukethe phansi ngamaviyo, umngcele, yangaphakathi futhi Air Force. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esungulwe Cossack zokwakheka yokuzithandela. Imiyalo amabutho ahlomile, uMongameli Pmr. Republic yazibiza isimo hlangothi. Kunoma block, ayihlanganisi futhi Akahlosile ukungena. Ibutho waqoqa ngesisekelo izinsizwa jikelele, futhi amayunithi Cossack - njalo yokuzithandela. Ukuze uyeke sibhebhetheka ukungezwani Transnistria esifundeni Moldova uye acela ephindelela isiphakamiso ukubamba ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele futhi ekuqaleni kwezikhali. ukuqonda engakaze ufinyelelwe kule ndaba. Republic kuyinto Operational Iqembu amabutho Russian. Inhloso Its main - lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela yezikhali ubudala somunye weZempi Soviet.