Dosimeter Simple izandla siqu: isikimu. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo dosimeters ngezandla

Dosimeters abizwa ngokuthi amadivayisi ayadingeka ukuze amandla nesilinganiso ka ionizing emisebeni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kwezinye tinkhulumo kukhona ngaphezu kwalokho bakwazi nokuhlola ukusebenza umthamo. Rentgenmetry ayisebenzi dosimetry. Isici esiyinhloko zedivayisi kuyinjabulo cabanga umtshina. Ukuzwela ipharamitha ye ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, lezi amadivaysi kungenziwa ihlukaniswe ukulungiswa professional kanye ekhaya.

onobuhle ekhethekile ezakhelwe imibandela yokusetshenziswa esindayo isicelo emnyangweni wezempi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuguqulwa zezimboni eyenzelwe nokuqapha okuqhubekayo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Ukuqoqa dosimeters emisebeni ngezandla ulula. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumadivaysi umthengi. Ukuze wenze imodeli ephrofeshinali, kuzomele uhlole isikimu yalezi amadivaysi.

imodeli Umthengi ngemizuzu 3

Hlanganani qapha ngezandla zakhe imizuzu 3 ulula. Okokuqala, kufanele sithathe negabha nge umthamo ubuncane 1.5 amalitha. Ngemva kwalokho, idivayisi bazodinga owodwa we-pole uhlobo umhloli. Okokuqala, kuzomele kube amabhodlela epulasitiki usike. Nale inhloso kungcono ukusebenzisa ummese. Isinyathelo esilandelayo lihlelwe umthamo umhloli. Ngokulandelayo, ukwakha qapha elula izandla zabo, ixhunywe umqhubi.

Capacitor le njongo Udinga ukuvula. Phezulu izimbobo wazalela ngokuba spokes. Kungcono eyolanda ithusi, ngenhloso ububanzi esingaphansi 1.2 mm. Ngenxa isidingo seal negabha usebenzisa kagetsi. Lapho isignali umhloli kusukela izinaliti idluliselwa kuya Resistor. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla emisebe ionizing uboniswa kudivayisi.

I dosimeter tin

Yenza dosimeter ngezandla aphume ikani, unga, uma ukulungiselela kusengaphambili capacitor elihlangana kanye umhloli olulodwa-pole. Kulokhu, amabhodlela epulasitiki yedivayisi ayidingekile. Ezansi ikani kuyadingeka ukwenze imbobo encane ukuze spokes. Ngemva kwalokho, le capacitor efakwe esitsheni. I Resistor, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kube ngqo uxhumeke kwi-umhloli. Ngemva yilokhu okuyomane silungise imbobo yenaliti emabhange.

Idivayisi umtshina ezimbili wire

With ezimbili wire umtshina dosimeter indlela yokwakha ngezandla zabo? Eqinisweni, uma sithathe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo, lo msebenzi doable. Ngokuyinhloko kuvuna capacitance idivayisi. Njengomthetho, it is akhethiwe uhlobo plastic. Ubukhulu bayo incike ubukhulu umtshina. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi capacitor elihlangana liyadingeka ukwakha imodeli. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kubalulekile ukulungiselela resistors ezintathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza dosimeter ngezandla zakhe, damper athathwe. Ukuze onobuhle ababili-wire umtshina, wakhetha nje umgudu owodwa. Kuzomele ufake ngokuqondile kusukela epholisayo. Rectifiers ngoba dosimeters yalolu hlobo zifana resonance kuphela. Futhi, dilators ezisetshenziswa Ochwepheshe kunalokho ezingavamile. Ngqo sokulinganisa kahle kuyinto ulapha-ngokusebenzisa capacitor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi idivayisi damper kufanele sifakwe ukuze umtshina wakho.

Ukusetshenziswa emithathu wire imitshina

Kanjani ukwenza dosimeter ngezandla zakhe ezintathu pass uhlobo? Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ingabe ezintathu-pass kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi ukulungiswa professional futhi yakhelwe ukukala hhayi kuphela umthamo impendulo, kodwa futhi ngamandla emisebe. Fakela umtshina kuphela kudingekile emva zonke-ngokusebenzisa capacitors zixhunywe e izindlu. Kulokhu, resistors asetshenziswa kuphela elibiyelwe.

Futhi, dampers Site olulodwa-siteshi. Extender kuleli cala, udinga imvamisa low. rectifiers resonant kuphela asetshenziselwa yokulinganisa amandla emisebe. Ukuze ukufakwa yabo liyadingeka ukusebenzisa yensimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Zener diodes amadivayisi ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ngempela akuvamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iphutha ezilinganisweni zabo kuphezulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubeka amandla emisebe ye-incike uhlobo Resistor okukhiphayo. Ivame ukutholakala abakhethiwe electrolyte.

Ukusebenzisa Vector resistors

Hlanganani ne resistors Vector ukuqapha izandla zabo (scheme kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) kungenziwa kuphela ibhangqwe imitshina kwenethiwekhi. Kuze kube manje, ukuthenga nabo esitolo kunzima. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lo mkhiqizo esikhathini sethu kuwufanele okuningi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo imitshina. Faka resistors okudingekayo kuphela ngemuva kokuthola ukudlula epholisayo. Kwezinye amamodeli we soldered amayunithi ezimbili. Kulokhu, lo omubi ukumelana wesifunda ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelele 30 ohms. Ukunemba nesilinganiso kakhulu abathintekayo. Futhi phezu ukunemba kwaleli washi kungathinta capacitance. Ngokuvamile, basuke ekhethwe 20 PF. Konke lokhu kwanele ukunikeza kakhulu imodeli ukuzwela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza dosimeter ngezandla zakhe, setha rectifier. He is kulokhu uhlobo resonant efanelekayo. Nokho, imodeli positional Uphinde abhekwe ngochwepheshe eziningi. Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukubala kwemigomo ukuphazamiseka kagesi. Ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya imvelo, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa kokufaka amabhlogo electrostatic kule divayisi. Thenga nabo esitolo kungaba ulula. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ephansi amandla inhlamvu. Nokho, kulesi simo, ukumelana ongathandeki dosimeter kungandisa kakhulu. Ukuze imvamisa ukuqhela akwenzeki njalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa trigger ehlangene.

Ukusetshenziswa resistors okuhlangene

Nge resistors ebalulekile ukwenza qapha elula izandla zabo (scheme kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) kungaba fast kakhulu. Okokuqala kuzothatha eyolanda umzimba. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa ibhokisi plastic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza dosimeter ngezandla yakho, udinga ukufaka damper. Ivame ukutholakala abakhethiwe uhlobo multi-umzila. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imodeli olulodwa-umzila ukunemba okuphezulu ukufundwa ungayeki.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukusetshenziswa zokubala. Njengomthetho, zikhethwe uhlobo kanambambili. Kuzomele ufake nabo ngqo kwi umtshina. Kulokhu, ngemva capacitors kukhona soldered resistors. Imininingwane abo dosimeter kuzodinga amayunithi ezintathu. Eyokuqala yalezi isethwe ngqo umtshina. ukuzwela kwalo kuncike kakhulu uhlobo olwandisa. Enye capacitors ezimbili ogibele ohlangothini elingaphandle rectifier. Kuyodingeka zisebenzisa i Blowtorch.

A imodeli okulula Transistor PP20

Ukuqoqa lolu hlobo dosimeters emisebeni ngezandla zabo akulula, kodwa Kufanele kwaziwe kodwa ukuthi umtshina kulokhu esifanelana uhlobo ishayela kuphela. Setha kumelwe Transistor rectifier. Extenders le njongo zikhethwa uhlobo ngokuyinhloko analog. Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukukala ngokunembile amandla emisebe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukukhetha esiphikisayo izinga ngokuba dosimeter. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa nge inkomba ingxenye. Nokulungiswa ezivamile zidayisa izitolo nge kophawu K17. LED kulolu hlobo amadivayisi asetshenziswa ngempela akuvamile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abahloli ukufaka kuphela ongaphakeme-imvamisa hlobo. Ukuzwela banayo kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa Transistor PP30

Transistors yalolu hlobo efakiwe, evame ukuba imodeli okhokhelwayo. Conductivity kubo kuhle, kodwa bayakwazi ukusebenza ezimbili wire imitshina uthayiphe kuphela. Ukuze ahlanganise qapha ngezandla zakhe kwasekuqaleni ukwenza izindlu kudivayisi. Ngemva kwalokho, kumelwe ukhethe indinganiso izinga dosimeter pass capacitor.

umthamo wayo kufanele okungenani ezingeni 40 PF. Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumelana engakhi circuit inakekelwa at ohms 20. Amashifu imvamisa kulesi simo kungenziwa ukulawulwa rectifier. Ukuze ekulinganiseni amandla emisebe ye-esetshenziswa damper ezivamile. Setha Transistor P30 kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva lock olwandisa. asetshenziswa Emiternye zener diodes ngokuvamile Nokho, ukunquma umthamo-basabela izwakala into embi.

Model of the capacitor ulwelwesi

uhlobo amadivayisi diaphragm samanje kukhona lalivamile. Kuqhathaniswa izintaba capacitors, bayehluka e ukuzwela esincishisiwe. Uma le ukumelana wesifunda omubi ngokuvamile bengekho ngaphezu kwama-3 ohms. Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukunemba amandla emisebe ye amadivayisi enjalo impela high. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulesi simo imitshina kuphela ofanele ezimbili wire hlobo. Ngokuvamile, imodeli wokudlala ama-compact, kodwa izici awafani. Enhancers lezi capacitors kukhona uhlobo electrostatic efanelekayo. Futhi, rectifiers asetshenziswa kokubili analog resonance.

Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi ukweluleka ukuyeka ukhetho lwesibili ngokuthuthukisa ukunemba ukufundwa. Izingcupho lezi dosimeters amandla efanelekayo isilinganiso. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi diodes zener asetshenziswa kumadivayisi akuvamile. Kulokhu, lo dampers ukwandisa ukuzwela kufanele usethe nge resistors ezimbili.

Ukusebenzisa i-broadband capacitors

Broadband ukuguqulwa usuku awavamile. Ukuzwela awayona okungcono. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abakwazi ukucacisa amandla emisebe. Imitshina zivame akhethiwe okwesikhathi amadivayisi emithathu pass hlobo. Ngakho, ngobukhulu, abasakwazi ezinkulu. I dampers efakwe ezihlukahlukene dosimeters. Ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba ukufundwa ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukulungiswa multi-umzila. Imvamisa of EMI ecaleni inikezwe incike ikilasi rectifier. Abaningi babo baba ochwepheshe nge Umkhawulokudonsa ophansi.

Ngokuvamile lapho betholakala khona MP30 ilebula. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukulungiswa eyaziwa ekilasini MR40. Ukusabela wokufaka kuzo impela high, kodwa ukumelana omubi bayakwazi ukumelana ongaphakeme. Faka capacitors kudivayisi kufanele kuphela emva ukulungisa umtshina ngqo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi resistors ngoba isikimu kuzothatha ezintathu. Esokuqala kulezi zicelo kufanele soldered ekuqaleni iketanga. Kulokhu, ezinye resistors ezimbili ezidingekayo ngesikhathi olwandisa.

ukuzwela eliphansi dosimeter

Dosimeters ukuzwela ongaphakeme uvame esetshenziswa ngamasosha. Ukuze abuthe imodeli zalolu hlobo, kufanele uqale ukukhetha inzwa izinga. Ngesikhathi zokubala efanayo asetshenziswa ngokuvamile nezinkomba segmental. Futhi, capacitors for ukuhlela kabusha enjalo maningi efanelekayo ukudluliswa hlobo. Resistors, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuba uthole analog.

Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze andise ukuzwela zedivayisi ezingeni oyifunayo. Izingcupho e onobuhle kwamandla ongaphakeme asetshenziswa njalo. Ukumelana Maximum negative aphezulu balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukugcina at 4 ohms. Kuze kube yimanje inzwa kumele yakhelwe 5 ohms. okukhipha izinga buxhomeke kuphela ikhono le capacitor. Dampers amadivayisi yalolu hlobo bengekho.