Clostridium botulinum. botulinus

Ezweni kukhona izifo eziningi ezahlukene zamagciwane. Yehluka nomunye izindlela isifo ezifweni nakwezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Kulesi sihloko Ngifuna ukuxoxa ngemininingwane mayelana botulinum clostridium - agent causative zesifo ezifana botulism.

ngesifo

Ekuqaleni, udinga ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana yisifo esibangela igciwane. Ngakho, botulism - olunzima ukudla okunobuthi. Kuyinto acute, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kungase kubangele ukukhubazeka. It has a umzila fecal-temlomo yokudlulisela.

Abathandwayo kungaba umsuka igama. Kusukela Latin uhumusha njengoba botulism isoseji (botulus). Futhi zonke ngoba idatha lokuqala namagciwane abangela izifo, kuye kwatholakala lo mkhiqizo ukudla (kanye izidumbu zabantu efile abake badla okunobuthi isoseji). Ngokuvamile lesi sifo kuthiwa kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa zezinhlanzi enosawoti ngibhema kanye ham.

Umlando omncane

Ngokokuqala ngqá clostridium botulinum - agent causative of botulism - kwachazwa emuva ngo-1896 usosayensi E. van Ermengemom. Kwathi ngesikhathi elalinamandla ukuwedlula wonke kokugqashuka. Njengoba sekushiwo, lokhu lwegciwane iye ngedwa ngoba kaHamu, kanye kusukela izidumbu zabantu abadla ke ngaphambili. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi lesi silwanyana yakhiwa serovars eziyisishiyagalombili okuyinto zingafani antigenic isakhiwo ubuthi (futhi bakha eyabo). Ubuningi Ibaluleke ubuthi, ukubizwa ngokuthi A, B no E. Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi wonke ubuthi kungenziwa neutralized kuphela serum homologous.

ukubukeka

Kubukeka sengathi clostridium botulinum? Ngakho, igciwane kukhona induku ukuphela kahle esikhulu kancane babanjwa. Esondele lingakanani - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Kuwo wonke umzimba it has mayelana 35 flagella peritrichous elise. Ingabe akha ezinhlamvu. Namathela ingxabano kancane like nebhizinisi ithenisi.

izimo ezikahle

Kufuneka izimo ekahle clostridium botulinum? Ngakho, izinga lokushisa elikhulu ekukhuleni kwabo - mayelana 35 ° C. Nokho, ama-bacterium akwazi ukwanda ku uhla lokushisa kusuka 10 kuya 55 ° C. Kungcono kutshalwa silwanyana:

1. Phakathi Kitty Tarotstsi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi inyama-peptone umhluzi kulekelelwa isibindi isoseji inyama kanye glucose.
2. Ngo inyama futhi izinto ezikhishwe ezinhlanzini.
3. Lapho kukhona emakamu eliphezulu amaprotheni isilwane.

Igciwane akwazi ukwanda futhi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho, kakhulu elula - ne-glucose yegazi agar (kulesi simo, ama-bacterium zifane izingcezu udali noma uvolo). Nokho, bakwazi zanda ngendlela naphakathi ketshezi. Esimweni esinjalo, kwakheka kodaka eyohlobo is, futhi ngemva yesikhathi esithile amathonsi kwenze phansi tube.

ukusabalala

Uphi ezivamile igciwane clostridium botulinum? Ngakho, "ukukhubeka" noma kuwo kungaba cishe noma kuphi. Ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezilandelayo zikhethwa olwenzeka endaweni clostridia:

1. Emathunjini izinhlanzi, izilwane ngisho shellfish.
2. Inhlabathi (nezilwanyana ezincane ukuze uthole kanye indle).
3. Ukudla. kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kulesi simo ngoba umuntu kukhona imifino, amakhowe, inyama kanye nenhlanzi izitsha.

Enhlabathini ukusinda agumenti ungcono amafomu vegetative amagciwane. I izinhlamvu zesikhunta zingase ukusinda desiccation isikhathi eside, amakhaza -250 ° C, abilayo kusukela amahora eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha. Futhi ngisho ikhambi phenol (esibulalini 5%) amagciwane ezinhlamvu ingaqhubeka iphila ukuze usuku 1. Lapho abilayo wabhubhisa ushevu cishe imizuzu engu-10.

ukuzinza

Vele, eliqinile kanjani kuyinto botulism? Microbiology kusikisela ukuthi lesi silwanyana ngokwayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, kukhona ezifundeni ezehlukene.

1. ifomu spore. Kulokhu, clostridia amelana kakhulu izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izinguquko zangaphandle. At lokushisa 6 ° C bangaphila inyanga eyodwa, e-Reflux 100 ° C kuphela zibulawa ngaphakathi ihora elilodwa ezingeni lokushisa 120 ° C - oyedwa yehora. Lezinhlamvu amelana okokuqandisa, imishayo obala, omiswe. Njengoba for izibulali-magciwane, bese formalin (20%) isixazululo ingase ishabalalise amagciwane izinsuku ezimbili, utshwala ETHYL - izinyanga ezimbili, futhi isixazululo hydrochloric acid (10%) - ihora elilodwa.
2. Ifomu vegetative. Kuleli zinga, Clostridia basengozini kakhulu. kungenziwa ezingeni lokushisa 80 ° C zibulawa ngaphakathi ihora elilodwa.
3. Ngokuqondene ushevu, ukuthi iziphatha iyafana ifomu vegetative. Ngezinye 100 ° C imizuzu 10, ubuthi kungenziwa neutralized. Esitebeleni isimo esidi, kodwa kungenziwa neutralized e ane-alikhali. Ngo pheshana emathunjini we ubuthi iyehlisa umsebenzi wayo. Nokho, ngaphandle kohlobo E botulism, okuyinto, kunalokho, kuba esiqeshini womuntu emathunjini 10 izikhathi 000 ngaphezulu asebenzayo.

Kwenzekile botulism ukusabalala? Microbiology, imithi bathi iningi iziguli atholakala kulawo mazwe lapho zisetshenziswa abantu bedla inyama noma inhlanzi okusemathinini. Seasonality kulokhu asihlobene. Libuye yobudala engabalulekile, ubulili, ibala lesikhumba somuntu. Noma ubani angakwazi batheleleke.

pathogenesis

Botulism - olunzima ukudla okunobuthi, okungase kwenzeke ngemva ukusetshenziswa clostridia okunobuthi noma ubuthi babo ukudla (i-ubuthi obubangelwa ikhishwe esimweni lapho lesi silwanyana singena imvelo anaerobic bese eqala ukukhiqiza kabusha yayo esebenzayo). Ngiko lokubalulekile esimweni izifo ezifana botulism, kuba neurotoxin. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi nguye onamandla kunayo yonke ubuthi ekhona begazi. Ngokusho ososayensi, kuba izikhathi 375 Isihlungu anobuthi ezingasho we uhlobo lwenyoka yaseMelika enesihlungu esibi. Uma uthola Ubuthi injalo emsulwa kuphela 1 mg izoqukatha kufikela ezingu-100 ngemithamo ebulalayo amagundane laboratory emhlophe. Umuntu ke ukufa kungenzeka emva kokungenisa mg 0,001 kuphela neurotoxin.

mayelana neurotoxin

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, igciwane clostridium botulinum secrete neurotoxin enamandla futhi iyingozi ukuthi uyingozi hhayi kuphela empilweni kodwa ukuphila. Kufanele futhi ukuthi le ubuthi kuyinto thermostable. Ithumbu simakhiwe njengoba prototoksina e silwanyana esiyingozi siguqulwe ngemva kokucubungula enzyme encane emathunjini. Ukuze imiphumela efanayo ama-enzyme esitebeleni. isici esiphawuleka: ngokushesha angena igazi, kakade ezingxenyeni esikhulu yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini. Ngegazi zisakazekela umzimba, ukuthola synapse kwamanyuroni.

ubuthi isinyathelo esiteji

Kufanele likutshele ukuthi ushevu botulinum has izigaba ezintathu isinyathelo:

1. Isinyathelo esethola (esimweni serum antitoxic). Neurotoxin sibopha a yokwamukela ethize.
2. Ukuhambisa ushevu engxenyeni aqueous of kwalapho cell kwamanyuroni. Ngenxa yalesi sinyathelo, izinga lokushisa kubalulekile. Isigaba kakhulu esifanayo trudnoobratimoy.
3. isigaba Lytic. Kulokhu, ebambe amabhlogo ubuthi singene ushevu imisipha emsipheni. Lapha futhi kukhona izimpawu eyinhloko botulism.

izinhlobo botulism

Zokwelapha ihlukanisa kunezinhlobo ezine botulism:

1. Ukudla, noma zakudala. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokushisa ukudla equkethe ubuthi.
2. Isilonda. Lolu hlobo isifo lihlotshaniswa ikoloni womuntu we ebusweni isilonda.
3. botulism Newborn. Lokhu sokugembula amagciwane isifo amathumbu usana kwengane.
4. Of ngezigaba lingaqinisekile. Kulokhu, odokotela abakwazi ukusho ukuthi kwaba isizathu ukutheleleka nge botulism womuntu.

mayelana ukutheleleka

Njengoba kahle kukhona umuntu isifo botulism? iyona ukutheleleka kanjani? Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba batheleleke nge clostridia owavela endodeni. Nokho, lesi silwanyana singena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa ukudla ingcoliswe inhlabathi onegciwane noma indle kusesimweni esinjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwalesi sifo, amabhaktheriya futhi izimo ekhethekile edingekayo. Ngakho, uma eqoqwe ngaphambi kokuthatha okulungisa ukudla, a spore silwanyana kweso liphenduka ifomu okuyinto kakhulu simelane nokuhlaselwa okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ngemva ukupheka ezinhlamvu ukuqala ukuhambisa esimweni vegetative, futhi uma kukhona kwesabelo clostridia ushevu obulalayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi silwanyana asaba i-oksijini evulekile. Ukushisa okuphindiwe ukudla futhi abakwazi ukubulala igciwane pathogenic (okudingekayo ukubhujiswa lokushisa yayo mayelana 750 ° C). ukudla okunobuthi Landelayo engena umzimba womuntu, futhi lesi sifo kubonakala ngokushesha impela.

bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi

ubuthi Botulinum ngemva kokufaka umzimba uqala ukuba usebenze ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka ku amahora yokuqala 8-22 emva ukusetshenziswa ukudla okunobuthi. Nokho, isikhathi isilinganiso amahora -10-12.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe lesi sifo

Kwenzekani emzimbeni womuntu emva kokutheleleka yilo igciwane? Ngakho, ekuqaleni izimpawu iyafana Gastroenteritis (ukuvuvukala nolwelwesi lwamafinyila emathunjini amancane futhi isisu). Izimpawu main ezibangela botulism igciwane:

1. Ubuhlungu besisu, okungcono inkaba. Ubuhlungu iyokwanda ukusabalala.
2. Amazinga ngokuvamile aliphumi.
3. Isihlalo isesikhathini izikhathi 20 ngosuku. Kungaba lwamanzi, ezinkulu, ngesimo irayisi umhluzi.
4. Ukuba buthaka jikelele zomzimba.
5. Ukuhlanza.

Ukuhlanza nokukhishwa njalo indle kungaholela amanzi emzimbeni inani. Esimweni esinjalo, kungase kubonakale Ukudlikizela, kukhona umphumela imibimbi ebusweni nezinye isikhumba. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu iyanyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Umuntu ocabanga ukuthi ngayohlinzwa evamile umkhuhlane emathunjini. Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi akuwona wonke kuphela ngakho okuhle futhi fast. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu angase abe isihlalo ukuhlanza ngegazi, ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. Bonke abakhona bangaphendula lapho ukuqeda ngisho nokufa ngenxa okuvela necrosis emathunjini.

nokuqubuka

Lapho ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukubamba isifo, efana botulism? Photo foci eziningi kwamagciwane nezifo, kodwa ngokuvamile iningi it is sonkana izikhungo, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ibusa amaprotheni isilwane.

zokuvimbela

Iziphi izinyathelo ezingasiza ukuvikela abantu ezifweni nale igciwane?

1. Ingabe ukubulala botulism abilayo. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuthatha ukudla okusemathinini, kungcono ubilise imizuzu engaba ngu-15. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi lo ubuthi ukuze ugoqe. Wena ubuye abakwazi ukudla okusemathinini, isivalo okwakunzima evuvukele.
2. Igciwane okubangela botulism, uyafa ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Uma itholakale, inyama kanye nenhlanzi ukudla ngaphambi ukupheka kakhulu iqhwa. Gcina kubo njengoba engcono at okushisa ngezansi + 10 ° C.
3. Ikakhulukazi kumele ziphathwe ngokucophelela amakhowe. Ngakho indlela ncamashi bangaba nobuhlobo naye babe izinhlayiya engcolile inhlabathi clostridia.
4. Abantu abadla ukudla okufanayo njengoba waphathwa botulism, kufanele kube ngaphansi kokuqondisa odokotela. Futhi, kufanele njengoba isilinganiso izifo ukungena amniotic protivobotulinicheskuyu serum futhi chelators.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Kungokufanayo nangokuzihlanganisa ukuqeda lesi sifo, efana botulism? Izithombe iziguli wangaphambili zihlukile. Lena yindlela ukuqeda abantu isifo kanye nezidumbu. I simo zokugcina kungenzeka kuphela uma isiguli alinikezi ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, botulism ithatha impilo yomuntu 30-60% of amacala.