Botulism e Conservation: izici nezindlela ukuzimisela. Botulism: Izimpawu, Ihlahlubo, Ukwelashwa, Prevention

Botulism wokulondoloza, izimpawu zazo uqaphela Uma unganakile, kunzima kakhulu, kungaba sina ezithinta impilo yomuntu futhi ezimweni njalo, kuholele ekufeni. Lamagciwane abanga sokuthuthuka, ingaqala esihle ngisho ngaphandle emoyeni. Yingakho iningi le uphethwe esabekayo ingatholakala ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukudla okusemathinini. Usongo botulism wukuthi ngokuvamile kakhulu kuba izimpawu elula zifane ubuthi futhi uphethwe yini kuba kungabonakali ngokushesha. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sifo kungathinta ubuchopho bomuntu kungaholela emiphumeleni engelapheki. Imibuzo mayelana yini botulism, izimpawu botulism, ukwelashwa kanye ukuxilongwa yalesi sifo, kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Ukuze bazivikele ezifweni, kufanele ukhumbule njalo ukuthi izinga, ngaphezu ukongiwa kwemvelo, bacterium ungathola kumuntu sebephuze izingilazi ubisi, inyama kanye nemifino ngisho noma ayizange iphumelele ukuphathwa efanele ukushisa.

Botulism: izimpawu, uphethwe, ukuphathwa, nokuvinjelwa botulism

Lesisifo umenzeli ezithathelwanayo kanye nemvelaphi yawo kuyinto bacterium (Clostridium botullini), elikwaziyo ukuphindaphinda ngisho nalapho engekho oxygen. Uma emzimbeni, uqala ukukhiqiza ubuthi ekhethekile - ubuthi botulinum, okuyinto namandla izikhathi 400 000 libi kakhulu uhlobo lwenyoka yaseMelika enesihlungu esibi bite. Botulism ngezibonakaliso ukongiwa okuyinto kunzima kakhulu ukuba aqaphele okudiliza ubuchopho bomuntu nezitho kubangele ukukhubazeka we ngokuphelele zonke izicubu emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zifana kakhulu utshwala evamile noma ukudla okunobuthi. Botulism kungenziwa ephelezelwa:

• isicanucanu;
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu,
• ukuhlanza;
• uhudo.

izimpawu ezithile

Noma nini kungase kuphakame Izimpawu kuqala inkathi yamahora kusuka 2 kuya ku-24 ngemva ukungenisa ukudla okunobuthi. lokushisa umzimba liphuma ngaleyo ndlela, kodwa kancane kuphela. Ukuze ubone udokotela nezikhalo ezifanayo, isiguli ngokuvamile abonise ukuxilongwa okungalungile - okungukuthi, ukudla okunobuthi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini, okungase kubangele botulism, a njalo kakhulu esetshenziswa njengoba isidlo lapho utshwala. Ngakho-ke, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo kungenziwa waqonda njengendlela uphawu utshwala ubuthi.

Uma isikhathi akusho lutho, igciwane langena umzimba, iqala imiphumela yayo anobuthi. Ngo abantu, kungase kube entsha, syndromes ethize:

• umuzwa ukoma emlonyeni;
• angaboni kahle;
• ukugwinya;
• ushintsho izwi;
• ubuthakathaka ngokuphawulekayo;
• ukushintsha enkulumweni.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-ubuthi obubangelwa botulinum iqala ukwenza phezu izinzwa nemisipha iso, strabismus singenzeka kwezinye izimo. Uma uqaphela izimpawu ezinjalo kumelwe ushayele udokotela ngokushesha.

esibhedlela ayimpoqo botulism esolwa

Botulism ngezibonakaliso ukongiwa okungaba engabonakali ngokuphelele, eba phakathi umzimba, uyakwazi ngokushesha bacekela isimiso sezinzwa futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni engelapheki. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane kokuba utheleleke nge botulism, aphethwe esibhedlela isiguli esibhedlela. Esibhedlela, into yokuqala ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokuzimisela wegazi Clostridium botullini futhi ukuze senze isimo sishube, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba Imiphumela sebeqala ukuthatha isinyathelo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba sifeze ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini futhi ukuze lokhu ngokushesha afeze inqubo esiswini ukuhlanzwa. Isiguli wanikezwa semali laxative, ukuze ukusheshisa ukudedelwa sezinyawo, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ubuthi emathunjini.

Uma umuntu ophazamisekile singagwinyi umsebenzi, khona-ke baqala ukondla ngepayipi. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi luvimbele nesineke ukuphefumula iziyaluyalu. Endabeni yamaphaphu spasm umuntu exhunyiwe kudivayisi of ukupholisa yokufakelwa.

Ngemva imiphumela izonqunywa uhlobo ushevu, isiguli ngokushesha wethulwa protivobotulinicheskaya serum. Nge ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi endaweni isikhungo sokwelapha futhi impatho efanele ukuziphatha, ukululama ephelele kwenzeka emasontweni 3.

Indlela ukuqaphela ingozi wokulondoloza

Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje akukho impendulo eyodwa umbuzo indlela ukunquma uma botulism wokulondoloza. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba sifo ngemva ukungenisa nokongiwa, okuyinto singekho kwanhlobo okubonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Iqiniso ukuthi bacterium, ingqondo ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, ngokuvamile iphila enhlabathini bese ezinhlamvu kwakhona eziqinile kakhulu futhi amelana iziphi izici zangaphandle. Ngisho nalapho omunye okusanhlamvu elincane isihlabathi kule enhlabathini enobuthi ahlale phezu amajikijolo, imifino noma izithelo, eyayisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa ukongiwa kwemvelo, ukutheleleka womuntu ngemva kokuba adle umkhiqizo kuleso siphetho, uyoba ngenakugwemeka.

Izimpawu botulism esazisweni ukulondolozwa ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka, kuba ngokuphelele akuphazamisi ukunambitheka, iphunga noma umbala komkhiqizo. Ngaphandle, ithini kungenziwa zikhubazekile, kodwa-ke ngeshwa, ke akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi e lo mkhiqizo uphephile.

izimpawu zangaphandle

Nakuba imiyalelo ngqo kanjani ukuqaphela izimpawu zesifo botulism ekulondolozweni alikho, zikhona ezinye izeluleko ezingakusiza ugweme ingozi yokutheleleka:

• ungalokothi ukuthenga ukulondolozwa ekhaya phambi kwabantu;
• Musa ukuthenga okusemathinini kojeke sikhubazekile;
• uma cap ku Conservation ulele - ngabe yikuphi hhayi ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ukudla;
• uma kukhona uketshezi kule ufasimbe izikhala zokusanhlamvu eziyinqaba, ukukhula isikhunta - ningathandi bachithe okusemathinini ezinjalo.

ukwelashwa ukushisa Proper

Eqinisweni, ukubulala bacterium ka botulism ekhaya kunzima kakhulu. Ngisho noma umkhiqizo ukubilisa ezingeni lokushisa 100 C °, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthole isiqinisekiso sokuthi izolahleka. Ngokuya ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, imikhiqizo eminingi ngaphambi ukulondolozwa, ikakhulu inyama kanye nenhlanzi, ukwelashwa eside i autoclave. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ikhaya ukulondolozwa inzalo amathini kumele kutsatse engengaphansi kwengu imizuzu engu-15.

Uma namanje ekhiqizwa nokongiwa ekhaya, ngaphambi kweqa up lid, kuzomele wenze ukuba ubilise imizuzu okungenani 20. Futhi, ngemva workpiece uvulekele, kungashiwo kabusha abilisiwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Uviniga nosawoti - abasizi ekulweni botulism

Enye indlela ukuvikela botulism libizwa ukwengeza ukulondolozwa uviniga. Kukholakala ukuthi acetic acid uyakwazi iwukudambisa Clostridium botullini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banamathela iresiphi bese bagcine lemali elithile uviniga nosawoti ku ukuwafaka. Ikakhulukazi lo mkhiqizo Kunconywa ukwengeza kwempahla imifino ukuthi awanalo njengengxenye siqu acid yayo (ukhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda, zucchini, Ugalonci).

Indlela yokuzivikela ekuguleni

Ngempela, imiphumela ebuhlungu empilweni yomuntu kungathinta nalesi sifo ezingavamile - botulism. Imithetho kanye nokongiwa izinyathelo sokuqapha ukudla, ukuze babonwe phakathi kwenqubo kulungiselelwa izikhala, ikusindise ezinkingeni ezingemnandi:

• Ungayisebenzisi metal zamabhodlela;
• musa usike inzalo isikhathi;
• uma okuqukethwe amabhange kwakhiwa air Bubbles uvele ongaziwa noma turbidity ngokushesha bachithe a preform ezinjalo;
• Kunoma yikuphi, ungadli nokudla okusemathinini nge bulging isivalo (lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi lwaphuka imishini ukwelashwa ukushisa ngesikhathi ukupheka);
• nayo ekulondolozweni neminye imikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi amakhowe, ehlanzekile zigezisise.

Botulism wokulondoloza, izibonakaliso okuyizinto cishe ezingabonakali, wesaba ukuthi kusukela kuye akukho lokugoma, futhi umzimba asisho ukukhiqiza ngokuphelele ngokumelene amasosha omzimba amagciwane yakhe. Emongweni yalesi sifo empilweni yomuntu kuncike kuphela imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo kanye nokusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ukudla ihlolwe.