Uphawu utshwala ubuthi futhi ukwelashwa ekhaya

Izimpawu ngemva utshwala poisoning zenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Mayelana nabo sizochaza ngezansi. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izimpawu ezingemnandi lokudakwa enjalo kuthiwa. Ungaphuthelwa kubo kunzima ngempela.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Utshwala poisoning (izimpawu, ukwelashwa ekhaya uzobe elichazwa kamuva) ungumholi ezweni lethu phakathi kwazo zonke ngobuthi yasendlini. Angaphezu kuka 60% esesimweni esinjalo siholela ekufeni. Iningi lazo (mayelana 95-98%) kwenzeka ngaphambi usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ngakho kanjani ukuqaphela izimpawu ezinzima utshwala ubuthi futhi iziphi izinyathelo ukuthatha ukuze ugweme nemiphumela ebuhlungu? Lokhu uzofunda esihlokweni samanje.

Kuyini utshwala?

Utshwala iziphuzo okukhulunywe, aqukethe i-ethanol (iwayini noma ETHYL utshwala). Lokhu ikhemikhali Ayinambala nobudlova omnene umsebenzi anobuthi okuyinto oluvuthayo kakhulu. Ethanol kungenziwa ezihlangene amanzi avamile e yimuphi ubukhulu. Kuyinto encibilikayo kalula emafutheni, futhi kalula lingena ulwelwesi begazi futhi zisakazeka ngokushesha wonke umzimba.

Ukudakwa, ubuthi, ukudakwa

ukudakwa Alcoholic limelela isimo ekhethekile NA womuntu, okuyinto kubangelwa ethola isiphuzo equkethe ethanol ngokwako.

Kukhona ama-degree amane lokudakwa:

• lula;
• isilinganiso;
• esindayo;
• ikhoma.

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala kulesi simo kubonakala ngokungenangqondo kwenjabulo kwemizwelo ephakeme (isb kwesasa). ukwazi zokudakwa inakekelwa (kungase kube ukwephula ezincane). Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile izinqubo ukucabanga kuthiwa ehlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanciphisa ukuhileleka ezingokwengqondo umuntu, ukwazi ukucindezeleka kwakhe kwenzeka, futhi kuba kancane, evilaphayo kanye ucobekile.

With ukuthuthukiswa ikhoma ukuphakamisa ubuthi oqinile oludakayo.

Ngokuphathelene ukudakwa ezinzima ke isimo esinjalo lihlotshaniswa imiphumela ezinobuthi of ethanol kwimikhiqizo ukubola komzimba womuntu.

Yini izimpawu utshwala poisoning zenzeka?

Ekhuluma izimpawu utshwala poisoning, akunakwenzeka ukuba akhulume iqiniso lokuthi bakwazi azibonakali ngezindlela ezahlukene. It kuncike obungakanani utshwala idliwe isiphuzo izinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu utshwala poisoning zihlobene yokuthi yini uhlelo noma umzimba womuntu ngaphansi imiphumela anobuthi.

GI

Esikhathini lesion eyinhloko wokugaya ukudla uhlelo izitho ahlangabezane besisu ubuhlungu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu kanye nesicanucanu. Siyini isizathu efakwe ohlwini zonke uphawu utshwala ubuthi?

Ubuhlungu besisu zenzeka ngenxa ukuqondisa umphumela olimazayo Ethanol phezu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we emathunjini amancane futhi isisu.

Uhudo kwenzeka ngenxa yokwephula inqubo ukumuncwa amaminerali, amanzi, namafutha, kanye ngokushesha okwenzeka nokuntuleka enzyme, okuyinto edingekayo ukugaya i-lactose.

Isicanucanu kuwuphawu lokudakwa.

Ngokuqondene ukuhlanza, kulapho ngokuvamile kuba umlingisi emaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, ihlobene imiphumela anobuthi utshwala isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

CNS

Uma sithinta isimiso sezinzwa kubantu kuyagcinwa: neshukumisa ingqondo, delirium, bajabula, incoordination ukunyakaza, ukuhhema, ukujuluka anda, Ukudlikizela, encishisiwe lokushisa komzimba, abafundi osuke usuvulekile, ukunakekela kahle, thermoregulation, kanye inkulumo kanye nombono.

wathi utshwala poisoning uphawu ngalunye elihlobene ne kahle ezinzwa cell umzimba, womoya-mpilo indlala, Ethanol zilimaze CNS amaseli, futhi umphumela anobuthi utshwala ushintsho kwamazinyo (acetate, acetaldehyde, emizimbeni ketone).

CCC

Izimpawu zokuqala utshwala kobuthi enhliziyweni yilezi:

• ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi;
• palpitations inhliziyo;
• isiyezi;
• ububomvu ebusweni;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele;
• isikhumba eliphaphathekile;
• umkhuhlane.

Ukubukeka lezi zimpawu ngoba isiguli ngesikhathi iziqephu sohudo noma ukuhlanza ulahlekelwa okuningi uketshezi. Futhi, ngenxa anda permeability izindonga imithambo yegazi, uketshezi Idlula isikhala semithambo phakathi amaseli. Ukuze offset umthamo wegazi (ukuzungeza), umzimba womuntu inalokhu izindlela compensatory: vasoconstriction neuropathy kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, igazi kuphindwe futhi sigcwalisa izitho ezibalulekile.

ipheshana zokuphefumula

Njengoba ezithweni emishinini yokuphefumula kuthinta utshwala ubuthi? Izimpawu zalesi ukunqotshwa kuvetwa kanje:

• sibi zokuphefumula ukwehluleka uhlobo;
• ukuphefumula ezinomsindo futhi fast.

Lezi izimpawu zenzeka ngenxa kokunqotshwa isikhungo zokuphefumula, ukuthuthukiswa edema-cerebral palsy, futhi iziyaluyalu umzimba. Okuvela acute nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula ezihambisana ngomlomo, ebuhlanzweni hit yomoya futhi bronchial spasm reflex, amalaka.

uhlelo kwezinso

Lapho izinso izilonda isiguli luyanda ukuchama noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwehle kumiswa umchamo (ngezinye izikhathi kuze ukuqedela ukungabi).

Lezi zimo abahlangene yokuthi ngokunciphisa uketshezi hormone antidiuretic (ngxenye, okuyinto unawo amanzi emzimbeni), i-ethanol kwandisa inqubo ukuchama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala kunomthelela isiphelo sesimiso umzimba womuntu calcium, potassium, magnesium, zikhala ukumuncwa kwabo emathunjini. Ngakho, kukhona ukuntuleka lezi zinto.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu of izinso umonakalo Ethanol isakhiwo.

ukulimala kwesibindi

Izimpawu ze-oludakayo isibindi ubuthi nazo kumakwe. Lezi zihlanganisa nobuhlungu obukhulu ilungelo quadrant engenhla, futhi yellowing kwesikhumba futhi sclera. kuphakama izimpawu ezinjalo ngenxa umphumela olimazayo Ethanol ku amaseli isibindi intracellular umzimba iziyaluyalu.

Acute utshwala ubuthi: Izimpawu

Ngo ubuthi ezinzima isiguli angase awele equlekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo elahlekelwa ukwazi, futhi ayiphenduli kunoma ezenzeka ngaphandle (isib, imisindo elikhulu, a pat esihlathini, ukuluma, njll).

emakamu utshwala kwegazi, ilingana 3 g / l nangaphezulu, kubangela ikhoma. Manje ukwaba izigaba zalo ezimbili: olukha phezulu futhi ngokujulile. Cabangela izimpawu zabo kabanzi.

• ikhoma okukha phezulu.

Ukuze isimo esinjalo libhekene: nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, nokuhamba kwezindikimba zamehlo elintantayo, encishisiwe luvelo ubuhlungu, amathe ngokweqile, ezahlukene ngobukhulu umfundi (kuvinjelwe - eziphambili), asabela ngayo ukucasuka ukunyakaza ukuzivikela noma izinguquko isimo sobuso, palpitations inhliziyo, siwasebenzise kwesikhumba nemisipha samehlo, iphika .

• ikhoma Deep.

Izimpawu ushevu ngokwesivumelwano oludakayo uvame ukuhambisana ukulahlekelwa ubuhlungu ukuzwa, nokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukungabi khona umsipha ikhaliphe, Ukudlikizela, ukulahlekelwa imisipha ithoni, encishisiwe blood pressure, pallor noma cyanosis yesikhumba, ukwehla ukujula imvamisa ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo uzwakalise Ukushaya.

Umonakalo obangelwa utshwala ukudakwa

Uphawu utshwala poisoning kungaba ababuthakathaka noma liphinyiselwe. Kungabe kusiya? Impendulo yalo mbuzo siyakufa manje.

• Inani utshwala idliwe. Lapho yokwemukela umzimba womuntu ngemithamo enkulu ethanol, ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi la, isibindi akanayo isikhathi ukuyicubungula. Ngakho, ngokwengxenye imikhiqizo utshwala ukuwohloka buthelela egazini, bese umonakalo lezi izitho ezibalulekile, efana ubuchopho, isibindi, izinso, inhliziyo nezinye.
• Ubudala. Ukuze imiphumela sizwele utshwala kukhona izingane nasebekhulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intsha abangazange okwamanje kwakheka izindlela ledzingekako neutralization, futhi abadala, abazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo izinga oyifunayo.
• Isici esiyingqayizivele. Personal Ethanol ukungabekezelelani futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lokudakwa ezivamile ikakhulukazi umjaho Mongoloid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ziye zanciphisa umsebenzi enzyme akhethekile, esidingeka nokwahlukana ephelele utshwala.
• Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, Ukudla okunganele, ukukhathala, isifo pancreatic, isibindi kanye nesifo sikashukela. Izimo ezinjalo ukunciphisa umsebenzi umsebenzi oyinhloko futhi ukululaza yokuhlanza isitho (isibindi).
• Inhlanganisela utshwala nezidakamizwa. Umthelela anobuthi utshwala izikhathi eziningana buyaqina lapho concomitantly nezidakamizwa ezifana tranquillizers, amaphilisi elele, antidepressant, nezinye ama-NSAID.
• Izithasiselo futhi akhiphe amanyela. Imiphumela anobuthi ye-alcohol ikhuphuka ngenxa izithasiselo okunjalo futhi ukungcola ezifana methyl utshwala, aldehydes, alcohols ephakeme, ethylene glycol, furfural, nabanye.
• Ukusetshenziswa Ethanol esiswini esingenalutho. Ngu utshwala esiswini esingenalutho it is angena egazini e umthamo nengxenye, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ubuthi ezinzima.

Yini ukudakwa?

Manje uyazi ukuthi kungani kukhona notshwala ubuthi. I izimpawu nokwelashwa uthi ezifana ivezwa kule ephepheni.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi ngemva kokuphuza utshwala umngane wakho wagula, kufanele ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense. Lokhu kungenxa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• isimo esibi sokugembula ezibangelwa ukweqisa ukudakwa, kaningi esiholela ekufeni.
• udokotela abanolwazi kuphela uyakwazi ukuhlola isimo isisulu futhi zibeka ukwelashwa.
• ushevu yokwelapha kudinga ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa.
• Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa okunzima utshwala ukudakwa kwenziwe egunjini labadinga usizo oluphuthumayo noma uMnyango we esegumbini labagula kakhulu.

Usizo lokuqala ekhaya

Indlela esiphatha ngayo utshwala poisoning (izimpawu nokwelashwa kulesi simo zichazwe lesi sihloko)? Okokuqala, kudingeka ucele onguchwepheshe. Nakuba udokotela ngendlela edingekayo ukuhlinzeka isisulu usizo lokuqala. Kuyini lokhu?

• Umgudu. Lokhu kudinga isiguli ukususa ulimi (uma zapadenii), bese uhlanza ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Uma kungenzeka, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibani zenjoloba. Lapho ngokweqile amathe nesineke kufanele ufake ngemithambo yegazi 1,0-0,1% atropine. Amagadango la aqakathekile ngoba ezanele umoya-mpilo umncane futhi kuvimbele ukuvaleka umgudu engenhla.
• Nikeza isisulu isikhundla ngakwesokudla (ezinsikeni zawo) bese qinisa ulimi (isibonelo, nge ngomunwe noma spoon).
• Yenza wokutakula ukuphefumula nasesifubeni compressions (zokuphefumula lokuboshwa inhliziyo). Izinqubo ezinjalo lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako phambi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ukuphefumula.
• Letha isisulu engqondweni, uma ayengase alahlekelwe ke. Kuze kube yimanje, ekhaleni isiguli kuyadingeka ukuletha uvolo-ammonia.
• Ntombazane ukuhlanza (kuphela uma umuntu ezazi). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka unikeze isixazululo okunosawoti noma umphenyi okhethekile esibangela ukuhlanza. Le nqubo siyasebenza kuphela amahora okuqala angu-ngemva ukusetshenziswa ethanol.

Uma lezi zindlela musa asize ke yakhetha okulandelayo:

• lavage esiswini. Yisisulu ukunikeza lemali kwamanzi, abese ekhishwa yayicindezele empandeni ulimi.
• ukufudumala nesineke. Umuntu afakwe embhedeni efudumele futhi muffle ingubo.
• Ukwamukelwa adsorbent. Nikeza sorbents ethintekile ukuncela tinhlobo letehlukene ubuthi. Bona ukusheshisa neutralization nokususwa utshwala emzimbeni.

Imithi yokwelapha utshwala poisoning

Amathuluzi ezilandelayo angabelwa esibhedlela isisulu:

• Izidakamizwa "Metadoksil" intramuscularly. Lesi sidakamizwa, okuyinto badalelwa for ekwelapheni utshwala ubuthi. It kwandisa umsebenzi enzyme ukuthi banesibopho Ethanol ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, isihloko kusho icubungulwe ngokushesha futhi kukhuthaza utshwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, elikhishiwe kwezinye izinguqulo amaseli isibindi futhi kuthuthukisa the state ngokwengqondo kwe isisulu.
• Amavithamini kanye glucose axutshwa ku isipetu efanayo. cocktail esinjalo sithuthukisa umzimba izinqubo kanye ngesivinini neutralization nokususwa ethanol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa ingozi sengqondo imvelaphi oludakayo.
• Droppers ngoba amanzi nokumbiwa ibhalansi. Babe ngcono kwegazi legazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha, kanye neqhaza ekubuyiselweni amanzi kudingekile nokumbiwa ibhalansi.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izimpawu utshwala ubuthi pancreas zidinga reception hepatic. izidakamizwa ezinjalo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe wathi emizimbeni ukulungisa amangqamuzana alimele noma ukusheshisa imvume ethanol.

Ngokuvamile utshwala ukudakwa, odokotela basebenzisa izidakamizwa "Pirozol" futhi "Fomepizol". Lokhu sinqobe yakamuva ukusetshenziswa emacaleni ubuthi nge ethylene glycol kanye methanol. Zinciphisa umsebenzi enzyme isibindi futhi ziphazamise kumiswa izakhi ezinobuthi.