Church of St UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko (Yaroslavl): Ikheli, umlando, izithombe

On loMfula iVolga, afike athele kuyiMediterranean emfuleni Kotorosl, ukusakaza muzi wasendulo Russian of Yaroslavl, endulo idume amasayithi yayo engcwele, omunye elibandla Arhangela Mihaila, vysyaschayasya eduze ezindongeni oNgcwele isimo Monastery. Yakhelwe behlonipha umholi lwebandla lasezulwini, kuba namuhla, njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, siyindawo ukondliwa okungokomoya abavikeli Russian.

Church igama ongumvikeli amaqhawe

Mayelana ngubani futhi lapho yakhiwe esontweni Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl), ogama umlando nolimi ovela ekukhazimuleni lempi Russia, etha zemihla lasendulo futhi zomlando sesonto, okuyinto bagcine sebefikile nakithi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. kukhona charter iyawakha ngo-1530, phakathi kwezinye imibhalo. Likhuluma indaba kanjani iNkosi Novgorod uConstantine ngaphambilini ukubeka Yaroslavl amathempeli ezimbili, enye yazo kwaba Cathedral of kweNyuka, kanti eyesibili wayehumusha nomvikeli amadoda empi, okuvela kulo ke (futhi manje) kwakuxhomeke inhlalakahle nje kuphela, kodwa ukuphila ngokwako Russian abantu.

Lolu lwazi evumela ukusungula ngokuzethemba eliphezulu wokuthi isonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl) yayakhiwe ngo-1215 njengoba usuku oluqondile ukwakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral, elamiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi kusukela zomlando ezaziwayo. Kusukela imithombo efanayo kusobala ukuthi ngemva engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuba agugile kakhulu, ngoba lakhiwa izinkuni - material eyaziwa esifushane futhi lavuselelwa futhi kakade itshe ngomyalo UPrincess Anne - ngomfazi Prince Yaroslavl ethize Fedor Black.

Umzukulu kombusi WaseByzantium

Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi Yaroslavl Prince nomkakhe oshiwo emibhalweni yaminyaka ngokuqondene indaba yothando kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi omnyama - akusiyo igama ngumholi, isidlaliso sakhe, lisuselwa elithi Slavic "Red", okusho -. "Beautiful" Ngempela, kunobufakazi bokuthi wayeyindoda wobuhle okungavamile, okwathi ngokushesha wabona umfazi Tatar khan Nogay, lapho isikhulu kufika usuku olulodwa bavakashile.

Falling in kuthando lapho uqala Rusich uyathandeka, kuba, nokho, uyazi okusongelayo bobabili uma umyeni wami kukhona isizathu kancane ukuthini ukuba nomona. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuba akwazi amnike uthando yena wamnika indvodzakati yakhe, babiza sokubhabhathiswa Anna oNgcwele, nabo isikhulu wake ithole nezinhlayiya kwenhliziyo yakhe. Mina kufanele engeza ukuthi umka-Khan indodakazi ungowokuzalwa uMbusi waseByzantium u Michael VIII Palaeologus futhi, yebo, kwaba uhlobo ezicashile. Yilokho-indodakazi nomzukulu waseByzantium, waba isikhulu handsome nomngane othembekile, futhi bayalwa ukuba kabusha esontweni Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl).

Memory kayise nosizi endodaneni

On umbuzo kungani inkosazana, ukwakha isonto esizinikezele kuye kwaba Mihailu Arhangelu, izazi-mlando banemibono eyahlukene. Abanye bathi lokhu kubangwa yini isifiso sokubatshela abhebhezela imemori kayise, owayebizwa ngokuthi Mikhail, abanye bavame ukubona e usizi nenhlupheko okungazelele oshonile endodaneni walithanda Michael - indodana Prince Fedor kumkakhe wokuqala.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuze ezisekhona nezimpawu ezimbalwa, okuyinto, ngemuva hiatus eside wabuya esontweni Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl). Isithombe se-omunye wabo - yaseKazan Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu - okusesihlokweni esithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokukhulekela izithombe namathempeli ohlonishwa kakhulu ithempeli: umfanekiso Arhangela Mihaila ebanjwe e namathathu banesifo esibi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibekwe endaweni Tretyakov Gallery, futhi isithonjana St Anthony Elikhulu, ibhalwe master engaziwa lesikole Novgorod ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV.

isonto isikaniso

Ngemva ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi 1645 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich yonke indawo eseduze wafakwa ngaphansi abacibisheli isiphetho, futhi iSonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl) kwaba isikaniso esonto njengoba saint, ngemva okwathiwa ngayingcwelisa, yena ayebhekwa njengengxenye ongumvikeli amadoda wakudala wezempi. Lokhu isimo, esaziwa kungamakhulu eminyaka, wafinyelela namuhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuba anawo umnyango wezempi e-, wayeselahlekelwe lulungiswe futhi kancane kabusha.

Nokho, uma sikhuluma imibhalo, kulula ukubona ukuthi nababusi Yaroslavl eqinisweni kwenzakala kuhle ncishana boyars inkosi sika ekujaheni Shell out. Ukudluliselwa emnyango wezempi bendlu baba eningi nodumo, kodwa imali ukuze kulungiswe okwamanje yavela. Yaroslavl abathengisi kwadingeka poradet mayelana ubuhle Garrison eBandla futhi lula zemali yabo Friend kancane.

Ukuze zonke izintambo ukulungisa welulela ku iminyaka eminingi futhi yaqedwa kuphela Eighties kwekhulu XVII, ngemva ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Peter mina, okubusa kwakhe ubelokhu impi kakhulu, kanye nokuvikelwa Arhangela Mihaila kwakuyiqiniso.

Ukubukeka ethempelini lempi

yesondlo Ngakho isikhathi eside esontweni zashiya izibazi ngokubukeka kwayo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ezihlukahlukene fashion lathumela, futhi nalo akuthandayo of the abathengisi, umsebenzi oholelayo, futhi ngendlela efanele, futhi ukuze zilawule izimfuno zabo ukuba abaklami. Ngenxa yalokho, shazi ezibucayi ingatholakala uhlaka yayo iminonjana izitayela eziningana, omunye ngemva komunye ngaleyo nkathi.

Lapho uhlela izinto zalo esontweni Arhangela Mihaila (Yaroslavl), izithombe obudala ziye zalondolozwa ukuze izinsuku zethu futhi unike umbono walokho wayebukeka sengathi ngaphambi, asikho ngaphezu emasikweni ezazikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa emizini iVolga. Kusekelwe a kwesitsha njalo ophela apses ezintathu - imikiswe projection ezaziphase isakhiwo, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi isikhala altare.

Ingabe engaphansi bendabuko kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu - phansi isitezi saleso sakhiwo, senzelwe izidingo yasendlini, futhi emadolobheni amakhulu kwezohwebo, lokho bekulokhu Yaroslavl, avame ukusetshenziswa isitoreji kwezimpahla - kuzuze emakethe ubelokhu. abathengisi Ungalokothi-onothando, ukunakekela umphefumulo, ungakhohlwa mayelana Umamoni.

Olungaphambili lwesonto, umbhoshongo nokudweba Ingaphakathi

Isonto isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi ethempelini - ezenziwe ngokuhambisana okuthandwa amakhasimende ', kukhokhelwe ukwakhiwa wakhe. Lena sasivumela besiyoba sikhulu isakhiwo ezimfushane netende ekupheleni. Ikakhulukazi uyabukeka design iso olungaphambili lwesonto, ngokucebile ehlotshiswe ezibaziweyo zamafasitela nokunye ngokuthi ibhulukwe lakhe - anemifantu elingunxande, okuyinto ezibekwe kule olunothile amathayili anemibala. Isonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl) trohprestolnaya. Ngaphandle komkhawulo main, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu ezimbili, enye yazo lunikezelwe Solovetskim ongcwele isimangaliso abasebenzi, ebekiwe umqhele umbhoshongo ngomusa.

Ukukhangwa undoubted yesonto kukhona esemathuneni akudala, ababulawa ngo-1731 Novgorod ithimba abadwebi, eholwa master abadumile Fedor Fedorov. Imisebenzi yabo Ziningi izici ezithile kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela imisebenzi yezinye izingcweti. Chief phakathi kwabo kuyinto lolumalula ukudluliswa izithombe ezithile ngezinga elithile rodnyaschaya nabo mikhondo Russian ethandwa. Imisebenzi laba baculi zigcwele zokuphila nombala, ngempela ngokuvumelana nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu isonto futhi umhlobiso zayo.

Iminyaka lwencithakalo ebumnyameni

Lapho ngo-1917 iziphathimandla zase-lizwe ashaqe amaBolshevik, iSonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl), efana amasonto amaningi Russian zavalwa, futhi ekamelweni lakhe ahlelwe ishede. Ngaphandle inombolo encane izinto umhlobiso ingaphakathi, idluliselwe eminyuziyamu yezwe, zonke izinto eziyigugu zaphangwa, kanye neqiniso lokuthi, ngokuvumelana amakhosi entsha yokuphila, bengenandaba - umane ubhujiswe. Izinsimbi, namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva obiza umthandazo zenzisa Yaroslavl, esuswa ethunyelwa sikhungo.

Kuphela sixties ngenxa umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwa abameleli nezazi ezisemadolobheni, ke wakwazi ukufeza ukudluliselwa isakhiwo sesonto ukuphathwa zendawo umlando Museum, okwalithuthukisa kakhulu isikhundla salo futhi bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka nokubuyiselwa olungaphambili lwesonto. Kodwa eminyakeni eminingi ezayo yokufeza phakathi ezisemadolobheni ethempelini izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa izidingo ukuthi zikude inkolo, kwaba isonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl). Ukukhulekela akuyona olwenziwa kuze nineties zakuqala kwekhulu elidlule, sesiye inkathi kwezilwandle wokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu inani.

Ilinde abanikeli Nkulunkulu onothando

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi anawo eMoscow Sabefundisi kanye namanye amasonto ezisemadolobheni idluliselwe futhi ibandla Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli (Yaroslavl), uhlelo amasevisi kuze kube manje ingabonakala kuphela ku iminyango yesonto ebusika adjoined isakhiwo esikhulu futhi iyingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu kusalindele abanikeli yokuzithandela abakulungele ukwenza umnikelo ngokwezimali imvuselelo yebungcwele. umhlaba Russian abadumile bonke ubudala kokuchichimileyo kwabo. Kwethenjwa ukuthi they cha seziqothuliwe osukwini lwethu, futhi uma ngokugcwele avuselele ukuphila kwakhe zenkolo zesonto Mihaila Arhangela (Yaroslavl). Ikheli kulabo abafisa ukukubona ngamehlo ami: Yaroslavl, Pervomayskaya emgwaqweni, 67 ..