Cartouche waseGibhithe - kuyinto bokuthi oFaro

sezwe umlingo ongaqondakali waseGibhithe lasendulo namanje uheha abantu abasuka emhlabeni wonke. Abaningi yezimfanelo zakhe zansuku zonke namuhla imfihlakalo kakhulu.

Kulesi sihloko sizozama kancane ekususeni umgubuzelo izinto ekusithekeni. Uzofunda lokho cartouche waseGibhithe. Lokhu umgexo wenhlanhla, isigamfulo, noma enye into?

Indlela wokufunda hieroglyphs?

Kuyinto incwadi eziyinqaba engavamile ithumba shazi. "Izibonakaliso engcwele, 'njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo amaGreki asendulo, noma hieroglyphs kuqoshwe kuyo amabhlogo itshe nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, uStella, izibhebhe zobumba eyayibhalwe kuma-papyrus kanye isikhumba. Kodwa akekho izizwe ezingomakhelwane akazange ahlose ukungena imfihlo yabo.

Ngakho-ke, inqubo emagama yalencwadi esalibele iminyaka eminingi. Ukufohla weza kuphela ngengozi. isihloli French uFrancois Shompolon uyakwazi ukuwuqonda ingxenye enkulu izinhlamvu usebenzisa i-Rosetta Stone. Kwaba ezimbili etheksthini lefanako. Oyedwa lwesiGreki sakuqala, kwesibili - ku umGibhithe.

Eyokuqala ziqala amagama uPtolemy futhi Cleopatra, ebiyelwe cartouches.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni Egyptology ukubeka kahle lezi zinhlamvu. Photo of Rosetta elilotshwe ukuthi kungabonwa ngezansi.

Izinhlobo lokubhala obhalwe

Lolu hlelo lokubhala zenzelwe isikhathi eside. nangosuku okungenzeka ukuthi abacwaningi bakholelwa embundwini IV futhi III yeminyaka BC.

Ekuqaleni kwakukhona Pictograms elula, ukuthi udonsela izwi kwakusho. Uma ilanga ngasondelana, khona-ke kusho kuphela ukuthi ukukhanya futhi akukho okunye.

Kamuva ukuqala ukuze sandise kwenkululeko imifanekiso. Manje ilanga kungasho kuphela ngokwayo, kodwa futhi igama njengokuthi "usuku."

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, incwadi iba more xaka. Manje yokubhala amelela izinhlamvu, amaqoqo, amazwi.
Zikhona nezinye izindlela zokubhala. Kukhona manje incwadi elalihunyushelwe futhi hieratic, kanye classical hieroglyphs engcwele. Izithombe amafonti ezimbili zokuqala zitholakala ngezansi.

Uyini cartouche? isithombe

Njengoba hieroglyphs waseGibhithe ziqala isiFulentshi, futhi lolu phawu walandwa kulolu limi. "Cartouche" lisho ukuthi "iphakethe, lenqwaba," okuyilokho, eqinisweni, ekhumbula.

Eqinisweni, kwacaca ukuthi, kuba isithombe eliqoshiwe yaphakade izindandatho. Mayelana naye sizobe ukukhuluma kamuva.

Ngakho, liyini okushiwo lolu phawu? AbaseGibhithe walibiza ngokuthi "chenois" - 'ubuphakade'. Cartouche - wesifunda ekhethekile nge kugcizelelani - okoltsovka igama umbhalo yenkosi. Okuthile ngendlela yesimanje ukubhala incwadi dolobha. Ngendlela yokubhala ngoba kwakungeyona izincwadi ezinkulu nezincane, izimpawu zokubhala.

Ukubukeka yokuqala yale usuku uphawu emuva wokubusa uFaro Sneferu, eminyakeni engaba ngu-2500 BC.

I cartouche sizibhale ezimbili zokuqala amagama amahlanu faro, njengoba ezintathu ezisele nje izihloko. Igama lokuqala yigama inikezwe emqansweni eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, kanti eyesibili - bawethiwa lapho bezalwa.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, eGibhithe kwakukhona eziningana imibhalo, amafonti. I ngekuhlanganisa (elalihunyushelwe) cartouche - kungcono nje yebhangqa kubakaki futhi umugqa mpo.

indandatho shen

Ekuqaleni, lolu phawu limelela phakade futhi ukuvikelwa amabutho anonya. Kamuva, e-zangenkathi yamaGreki namaRoma, ihlobene Ouroborosom, inyoka eluma umsila wayo siqu.

Phakathi enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC, i oFaro waqala ozofakwa igama lakhe leli fomu zokuzivikela magic. Amazwi okuqala amabili segama sobukhosi unikezwa lapho ngizalwa futhi aye abonakala eziningi.

Kwakuvamise ukuba lokho uma ufunda igama langempela lomuntu umuntu noma into, ukuze uthole amandla phezu kwazo. Lokhu kuyinkolelo-ze kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba ngekhulu XIX, lapho abazalwane Grimm wabhala indaba "Rumpelstiltskin."

Ngokuvamile ngemvume "chenois" abangane likaFaro lokubusa noHorus, uheshe unkulunkulu. Lesi sakamuva ivikela inkosi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ivumela ukuba abuse kuze kube phakade njengamasimba kwendlalifa yakhe. Lokhu kuboniswa igatsha entendeni, lapho kukhona cartouche eliqoshiwe. Lona uphawu nokubusa.

Ngakho, oFaro ngokusemthethweni amangalelwe amandla akhe aphezulu phezu Upper futhi Lower Egypt.

iziphandla

Ukukholelwa emilingweni ikhono ukulimaza omunye umuntu ngasese wanika ukuthuthukiswa kulesi siqondiso, njengoba womshini iziphandla kanye talismans.

Ekuqaleni kwaba nje uphawu asebukhosini. Bazungeza igama faro nomkakhe. Kodwa kamuva, lapho izwe waba ngaphansi kwethonya abanqobi ezihlukahlukene, le umlingisi wathuthela isigaba umthengi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le cartouche waseGibhithe - kungcono nje kungenalutho ukuze umgexo wenhlanhla.

Lesi sibhebhe okusaqanda ka ngamatshe, ngensimbi, ukhuni, noma ubumba, eqoshwe igama umuntu walithenga.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana umsuka cartouche e indima njengentelezi.

Ngokusho wokuqala babo, kungcono eliqoshiwe uvolo intambo, lapho abantu abayimizulane kanye Bedouins azungeze ematendeni abo. Lokhu kuvimbela ingress izinambuzane ezincane, ofezela, izinyoka kanye nezinye ezihuquzelayo ngaphakathi.

Le nguqulo yesibili wukuthi kuba evamile zokuzivikela umbuthano magic.

Esesithathu esiseduzane isiko waseGibhithe. Lapha kule cartouche ukubona isithombe eliqoshiwe zomhlaba unkulunkulu Geb (the umugqa ovundlile), ngenhla esimelela omkhulu unkulunkulukazi Nut. Ihlanganisa futhi ivikela zonke izinkinga nezinkathazo ngamashwa.

Ngomqondo onabile, isiko ezingaqondakali waseGibhithe lasendulo kukholakala ukuthi cartouche iqukethe ucezu umphefumulo womuntu, ogama lakhe kulotshiwe ngaphakathi.

Ngakho, abafundi abathandekayo, namuhla sifundile nawe ukuthi lokhu cartouche waseGibhithe.