Biome - Iyini?

Faka kusigaba isimiso semvelo emhlabeni, ososayensi baye bazama isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngenxa lenqwaba bezrangovsti futhi zemvelo ukuze uhlukanise yonke ichibi futhi zesihlabathi nge-ecosystem yayo, akunakwenzeka. Zemvelo, kwanqunywa ukuba uhlukanise inhlanganisela kweMvelo amaningi - biomes.

Biome - Iyini?

Sizwa okuningi mayelana biomes ezahlukene, kodwa bambalwa kithi indlela ngokunembile libhekene izwi. Ngomqondo obanzi, biome - uhlelo enkulu yemvelo ne sezulu layo. Lolu hlelo libhekene zilwane evelele isitshalo kulo, noma landscape. Kukhona definition njengoba terrariums biomes. Lokhu kusho noma iyiphi amaminerali, ugodo, izilwane akhiqizwa insimu yalo. Ngokwesibonelo, biome kwamahlathi lezihlahla - ubuswa izihlahla lezihlahla. Noma mushroom biome - endaweni elinesimo sezulu emanzi efanelekayo ukuphila zinhlobo ezahlukene isikhunta futhi ezinhlamvu yabo. Uma siqhubekela phambili kusukela enyakatho nenkabazwe, ungabona zonke biomes ezinkulu.

Bangaki biome ezinkulu?

Yini wabusa biomes futhi siyini isibalo sabo? Ezemvelo ziye zakhomba biomes ayisishiyagalolunye ezinkulu ezweni. biome Okokuqala - kuyinto Tundra, kwesibili - ehlathini. biome Landelayo kwamahlathi lezihlahla kule esipholile sezulu zone, biome asemaqeleni chaparol (semvelo sezimila zaseMediterranean), ehlane, tropical eyihlanze, olunameva (tropical) amahlathi, futhi we biome lesishiyagalolunye - imvula tropical. Ngamunye uhlukile esimweni sezulu, izimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Hlukanisa, isigaba yeshumi ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa iqhwa okuphakade - biome ebusika.

Tundra ehlathini

Tundra - a biome nge Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi. It ithatha iningi enyakatho Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Kutholwe phakathi emahlathini eningizimu kanye polar yiqhwa. I kude emathafeni ase-ice, endaweni treeless iba ubufakazi bufinyelela kude. Imibandela ukuphila emathafeni elibuhlungu, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kukhona uphila omkhulu ezihlukahlukene izilwane nezitshalo. Tundra kuyinto enhle ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ehlobo. It ihlanganiswa ne ungqimba obukhulu green, liyindawo kakhulu ezinyonini ezifudukayo nezilwane. Ngesisekelo emhlabeni isitshalo - ulele, moss. Ezingavamile kuthiwa efanele izitshalo bok. Isakhamuzi eyinhloko emathafeni ase - reindeer. Ziningi izimpungushe, onogwaja kanye voles. Omunye umhlali - a lemming. Lesi silwane esincane kuye kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuya emathafeni. Lezi zilwane badle omningi kungaqali ocebile emathafeni izimila, okuyinto abakwazi ukubuyisela ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokushoda kokudla abathintekayo wonke umbuso isilwane biome.

Ehlathini - coniferous biome (enyakatho) amahlathi. Akhiwe Nenkabazwe, kuthatha cishe nanye amaphesenti ezweni ingqikithi. Cishe isigamu masimu elalihlala larch, nezinye izihlahla - kuba uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele fir. Zimbalwa futhi oluqinile - birch kanye Alder. Izilwane main - amaphiva kanye nezinyamazane (kusuka ezidla uhlaza), ezidla okukhudlwana: izimpisi, lynx, marten, mink, Sable futhi Wolverine. Inani elikhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene namagundane - kusukela izimvukuzane ukuze imvukuzane. Amphibians baphile lapha viviparous, lokhu kungenxa emfushane ehlobo, okuyiwona akukho kungenzeka ukufudumeza bamba. Ngokufanayo main abebehlala ehlathini uyalandisa intendele.

amahlathi lezihlahla kanye asemaqeleni

amahlathi ezibunayo zitholakala endaweni ukhululekile nge sezulu esipholile. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu empumalanga iMelika, iYurophu Central kanye ngxenye ye-Asia. Lapha, isamba elanele umswakama, nobusika obubandayo nokhahlo nehlobo elifudumele eside. Izihlahla esemqoka ye biome - lezihlahla: umlotha, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, beech, Linden ne-maple. Hlangana futhi AmaConifers - sonwele uphayini redwood. Kukhona flora evuthiwe ezilwaneni nasezimileni. A ezihlukahlukene ezidla amakati zasendle, izimpisi, izimpungushe. A labantu elikhulu amabhere kanye nezinyamazane, izimbila, namagundane nezinyoni.

Asemaqeleni. Ngesisekelo le biome kukhona Prairies eNyakatho Melika kanye asemaqeleni Asian. Akukho lemali edingekayo kwezulu, obekungadala ngokwanele ukukhula izihlahla, kodwa ngokwanele ukuba akuvumele ifomu ezingwadule. Ngo emaqeleni eNyakatho neMelika, ezihlukahlukene izitshalo herbaceous notshani. Kukhona (nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye) ekhula ongaphakeme, okuxubile herbal (kufika ku amamitha ayisithupha), abade (isitshalo ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu). Altai Izintaba Asian emaqeleni ihlukaniswe esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Lezi amazwe abacebile humus kutshalwe unaphakade okusanhlamvu, futhi isikhala okusezingeni eliphezulu aguqulelwe utshani emadlelweni. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo eziyivulayo ayabulala Sekuyisikhathi eside ezifuywayo. Futhi abakhileyo zasendle emaqeleni - coyotes, ezimpungusheni nasezimpisini sebejwayele ephila ngokuthula komakhelwane nabantu.

Chaparol nethafa

izimila Mediterranean ethatha le ndawo eduze noLwandle LwaseMedithera. Kushisa kakhulu, ehlobo ezomile futhi ubusika abandayo nomswakama eliphezulu. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu lapha - kungcono sezihlahla ngameva, kube luqhatshi ocebile utshani, otshala namahlamvu obukhulu ecwebezelayo. Izihlahla abakwazi ukhule evamile ngenxa izimo zezulu. Chaporol idume inani izinyoka, izibankwa atholakala lapha. Kukhona nezimpisi, izinyamazane, Bobcats, Cougars, onogwaja, yebo, ama-kangaroo (ngaphakathi e-Australia). imililo njalo ukuvimbela ayehlasela ehlane, nethonya elihle phansi (ukubuyela ezweni izakhi), okuyinto kuhle ukukhula utshani nezihlahla.

Ugwadule welulela nempahla yabo baya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ndawo Imininingwane. It ithatha emazweni omile emhlabeni, lapho kwezulu yonyaka uwela amamilimitha angu engamakhulu esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili, anamanci mahlanu. Noma yimuphi ehlane esishisayo (Sahara Atacama Asuan et al.), Futhi kukhona ezingwadule lapho ubusika lokushisa air lehla degrees amabili. Lona Gobi ehlane. Ejwayelekile kwezihlabathi ehlane, amatshe oluze, amatshe. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo azinasisindo, ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ikakhulukazi Cacti futhi spurge. Nezilwane siqukethe izidalwa ezincane ezingaba ukufihla ngaphansi kwamadwala ukusuka elangeni. Ezinhlotsheni ezingu enkulu Ikamela uhlala lapha kuphela.

biomes tropical

Savannah - lena indawo enkulu ngotshani uqweqwe izihlahla ezingavamile wedwa. Umhlabathi lapha ngempela kwaphela, ubuswa otshanini obude futhi milkweed isithwathwa - baobab lomtholo. Ngo amathafa uhlalwe ungabona imihlambi emikhulu yezilwane eziyivulayo ayabulala: amadube, izinkonkoni nezinyamazane. inombolo okunjalo herbivorous alitholakali kwenye indawo. Ubuningi ezidla uhlaza futhi kwaba ngokuchichima eziyingozi. Lihlala izingulule, amabhubesi, izimpisi, izingwe.

nasemahlathini olunameva ise South futhi saseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Kukhona ezingavamile lezihlahla izihlahla, kube yinqaba emahlathini anameva.

Ese atholakala e-Ningizimu Melika, eNtshonalanga Afrika, eMadagascar. Njalo umswakama high ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo uqweqwe omkhulu. Lezi amahlathi ukufinyelela izinyawo ayisikhombisa nanhlanu ukuphakama. Kukhona ezikhulayo Rafflesia Arnoldi - kuba le mbali enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Engenayo inhlabathi evundile ezindaweni ezishisayo, izakhi eziyinhloko basuke bagxila izitshalo ezikhona kakade. Kuvele ukugawula yonyaka lenqwaba lezi ezishisayo ngemva engamashumi amahlanu angase ukuyithukuthelisa inhlekelele wokuvelela kunazo yemvelo.