Tundra sezulu. Yini evimbela amanzi ukuze avuze enhlabathini emathafeni?

Igama elithi "Umbala" e-Finnish kusho treeless egqumeni elingenalutho. Futhi empeleni, kuthatha izindawo enkulu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe ku Ezindaweni sub-Arctic, lapho evelele mossy futhi ulele izimila ezindaweni sasivumela ezinzima. Isikhala elinesimo yokuntuleka ezihlahleni ezinde, nakuba emathafeni ase futhi ihlathi emathafeni asemngceleni zikanokusho ehlathini emahlathini. amancane kuphela utshani zisetshenziswa nezihlahla abandayo phansi ukuba nezikhawu ezimfushane ehlobo camera.

Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu umswakama nesihlobo futhi ongaphakeme simo esishubile umphumela kwenzeka amaxhaphozi kulezi ensimini nokhahlo. Kodwa lokho kuvimbela amanzi seeping enhlabathini emathafeni?

Isimo sezulu

Izoni welula isiqeshana emincane emathafeni enyakatho Eurasia futhi i-Nyakatfo Melika, futhi bό̍lshie izindawo eRussia nase-Canada. Isimo sezulu Arctic kanye subantarctic. Ngo umoya onamandla ebusika nomoya okushisa afinyelela ku -30 °, futhi ehlobo cishe lathinta + 5 + 10 ° Celsius, ngisho zezihlahla kungukuthi ezikhulayo.

A ebusika snowy eside futhi izinyanga 2-3 kuphela kuqhathaniswa efudumele konyaka nomthelela iqiniso lokuthi Tundra uhlushwa babutha umswakama. Okuphansi lokushisa imodi akasivumeli ukuba shabalala, zabolachivaya nsimu enkulu. Winter emathafeni - Ubusuku polar, futhi ehlobo ilanga likhanya cishe izinsuku. Intwasahlobo nekwindla kukhona ukubonakaliswa izimpawu zaso zibekwa ngendlela angaphumi ngisho nenyanga eyodwa - Meyi noSepthemba, ngokulandelana. Libhekene nokubuthanela okusheshayo ongaphakeme iqhwa ikhava okufanayo asheshe ukubuya kwakhe ekuqaleni kuka-October.

izici Isici inhlabathi emathafeni

Izici Hard sezulu Arctic kanye subantarctic nomhlabathi - yilokho evimbela amanzi seeping enhlabathini nezimfunda. Thaws ngokwanele kuphela ukuthi incibilikiswa kuphela izingqimba engenhla umhlaba ukujula ezincane. Iqhwa uphendulela inhlabathi emathafeni e esigaxeni obandayo, futhi isimo esinjalo akashintshi.

Ebusika, lesi sifunda uwela impela eningi iqhwa, kodwa ewela emathafeni awugwadule ungqimba elincanyana, ngoba iningi labazalwane imimoya enamandla nishaye kude.

Gley futhi inhlabathi enamadwala abe ibuthuntu alandisa grey. ikhava inhlabathi izingqimba babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso incibilikiswa emathafeni, nqabela kancane kancane intermixed nomunye. Ngakho, humus, humus kanye Peat phansi imitha ukujula. Nge inala umswakama nobumba loam nenhlabathi ixhaphozi. Emathafeni flat yomhlaba ngokoqobo bend ngaphansi isisindo somuntu ozama ukumunca kube morass obukhulu. Nokho Peat ungqimba ingeqi 50 amasentimitha ngenxa yemikhuba emibi izitshalo ikhava herbaceous futhi moss. On umhlabathi sandy emzimbeni izigaba - futhi lokhu Podzols podburs.

Yini evimbela amanzi ukuze avuze enhlabathini emathafeni?

Nakuba inkinga hhayi wachazela ngokugcwele. Yini evimbela amanzi? It engena ku umswakama emathafeni inhlabathi ehlobo, ngokusebenzisa umcamelo Peat futhi yakha frost imifantu eqinile. Kodwa njengoba phansi zilimaze ebusika a amakhilomitha isigamu ukujula esikhathini esifushane ukuxoxa hhayi incibilikiswa umngcele ungqimba waphenduka ngokoqobo itshe-ice uqweqwe iba isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ngoba amanzi.

Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo othi lokho kuvimbela amanzi seeping enhlabathini emathafeni ilula futhi okunengqondo: eyiqhwa ayikuvumeli umswakama seep ezijulile futhi amanzi uyabaselwa kuze kube sezingeni lokuba njengoba igcwale amanzi phansi eqandisiwe kahle. Futhi ukuphila engapheli futhi neobogretaya emathafeni izinkulungwane zeminyaka.