Azov Sea: Izinkinga futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo yoLwandle Azov futhi ugu yayo

ULwandle Azov kuyinto izinto zemvelo eziyingqayizivele. Umuntu ngamunye uyaqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina kuhlanzekile deku ezibonakalayo kuphela kodwa futhi nengcebo ezingokomoya. Lokhu kanye-isayithi emangalisayo yemvelo oswela ukuvikelwa sina.

OLwandle Azov, izinkinga zazo - abampofu isimo emvelweni ngenxa imisebenzi nomnotho emazweni asogwini, ubhekene nezikhathi ezinzima. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule ke sehle kakhulu inani ukusebenza kwemvelo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle ihaba, kusho inhlekelele.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet isimo lwenteke Inqubomgomo kuqhathaniswa ngempumelelo lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela hydrosphere. Eminyakeni 90 kokubili Russia nase-Ukraine iye yashintshwa emikhulu ezomnotho nezombusazwe, ngokumelene okuyinto ezemvelo ulahlwe. Nokho, kwehle futhi umthwalo semvelo ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lezomnotho.

Njengoba nje amazwe esifundeni wathinta ukukhula, longasimuhle imvelo liye lenyuka. Ngu-2008, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni of Russia nase-Ukraine Udlule ezingeni ezazikhona e-USSR. Kulingana anda nokuthola zingena olwandle zivela indle nemfucumfucu ye nezinye izinto.

Kuyini oLwandle Azov

Libhekisela ohlangothini umcengezi Black Sea kusukela enyakatho-mpumalanga, ngokuxhumana ne-zokugcina Kerch Strait. Lokhu ulwandle ayijulile kakhulu emhlabeni. I yoLwandle Azov ukujula avareji ezindaweni eziningi "sina" ingeqi 13,5 m ububanzi Strait - 4.2 km. Imikhawulo ke zitholakala latitude 45 ° 12'30 "futhi 47 ° 17'30", i-longitude 33 ° 38 'futhi 39 ° 18'. Ngokuvamile, le yoLwandle Azov ukujula avareji zokhahlamba kusuka 6.8 kuya kwezingu-8 amamitha. enkulu obuphelele 343 km kwalo, ibanga esiphezulu 231 km ububanzi. Le ndawo sea indawo - 37605 km, futhi ugu sisalokhu ku 1472 km.

Azovskoe ulwandle, izinga lokushisa awo echayeke izinguquko ezinkulu yezinkathi ezithile simele umzimba elincane lamanzi. Impumuzo uyisicaba nge ongaphakeme ulwandle ezingwini. Isikhundla womhlaba, yebo, ulunika izici zayo siqu. Mhlawumbe hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yezwekazi kakhulu emhlabeni - kuyinto oLwandle Azov. lokushisa ehlobo +24 wayo ... +26 ° C. Ebusika, iqina phezu iphelele noma ingxenye, entwasahlobo eqhweni uyiswa ngokusebenzisa strait oLwandle Olumnyama.

I usawoti yoLwandle Azov uphansi ngokwanele. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunethemba elincane kathathu kune-usawoti ovamile we olwandle. Lokhu value imayelana 1 ppm ukuze Don confluence endaweni futhi kwandisa ukuba 10.5 ppm eduze ingxenye emaphakathi. Esikhathini Kerch Strait usawoti yoLwandle Azov ifinyelela esiphezulu - 11.5 ppm.

Yini esiyaziyo ngezakhamuzi zakhona? Azov ulwandle imithombo yemvelo okwakukhona ekuqaleni mikhulu, manje has 103 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu. Plankton biomass ifinyelela 200 g ngalinye usayizi square. m.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo yoLwandle Azov

The main zobuchwepheshe izici omubi esebenza abawayo emifuleni indle ingelashwa anokungcola. obengumholi izwe e zokudoba, kolwandle kulahleka konke okwamanje ukubaluleka kwayo. Manje okuqukethwe phenols kudlulwe MPC nge izikhathi 7, thiocyanates - 12.6.

Imithombo main yokungcola zasolwandle - izimbobo kanye nezinkampani zezimboni Mariupol. Metallurgical Hlanganisa "Azovstal" ngonyaka likhipha amanzi ayo angaphezu kuka-800 million cubic metres amanzi angcolile.

Embula okweqa MPC nitrogen, iron, ithusi, zinc kanye uwoyela imikhiqizo. Enye kungcola ezinkulu - port kwezentengiselwano Mariupol. ukwelashwa kwakhe isitshalo ayizwakali ngokuphelele - emanzini izinkomba ukungcola ingaphezu kwe ikuphi.

Yini ayinandaba kwemvelo

Uchwepheshe ukukhula ukunakekelwa sulphur amavolumu, okuyinto nokulayishwa iqhutshwa emachwebeni of Ukraine, kanye Ukuwohloka eyakhelwe nengxenye engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, amanzi eyanele izinhlelo, ukuntuleka amadolobhana amaningi nemizana indle ukwelashwa izinhlelo, ngenxa yalokho emanzini ulwandle ngqo uthola ezingcolile. Ngokwezibalo, ivolumu yonyaka imfucuza liphele oLwandle Azov kuze 5 bhiliyoni cubic metres.

uwoyela ukungcoliswa zasolwandle ngenxa lokuthumela kanye ne-port imisebenzi uthethe inhlekelele.

ingqondo oLwandle Azov izindawo idlula imikhawulo yonke ongase uzicabange. Zinambuzane okuqukethwe ifinyelela 40 mg / l. Ngenxa yamafutha ezichithekile kuyinto okonakele-mpilo exchange, izilwane zasemanzini kuthiwa ubuthi zinambuzane. Kuyinto ngokwempilo yangenyama mass izinhlanzi. ukuphepha Water zone yakhiwa mass kwemfucumfucu yezimboni nendle yasekhaya.

ukudoba esiyingozi

Ezinye izinkinga zemvelo yoLwandle Azov ezihlobene ne izakhamuzi zakhona. Ngezansi trawling Sekuyisikhathi eside uvinjelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa, nokho, isetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa yalokho izindawo elingezansi yokuhlala ayafa izinhlanzi kwendawo shellfish die Elihehayo esebenza ngogesi - izinhlanzi kokudla. I murk kokwenyuka amakhilomitha amaningana kunciphisa obala emanzini.

Kuphela ingxenye wesikebhe sokudoba egunyazwe ukusebenza catch izivimbelo elidonswayo. Kodwa eqinisweni ivolumu fihla yayo. Futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa esikhundleni amanetha trawls, okuholela alibhujiselwanga nje kuphela zezinhlanzi, kodwa futhi esikhundleni zidala yayo kanye yokudla. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwaholela ukwehla ezikhathini 5 ukukhiqizwa eminyakeni yamuva.

nezinye izikhathi

Yini enye ekukhathaza ezemvelo? Kuningi imibuzo, kanye nohlu kubo kukude sikhathele siyingcuba. Lona ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi phezu uDon Kuban (imifula eyinhloko Sea Azov), kancane kancane liphenduka landfill giant. Futhi amakhemikhali odla ezizungezile inhlabathi ngenxa ukwethulwa ezolimo eniselwayo kusuka ayihlwanyelayo irayisi. Futhi ukudedelwa engalawuliwe zinambuzane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomthelela omubi inkinga Azov Sea yokwakhiwa olunzulu isethi ugu lweNyakatho zokulala kanye zokungcebeleka, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphandle ukugcinwa iyiphi nezindinganiso zempilo kanye nezemvelo. Lokhu kwazicasula amabhishi isimo zemvelo kunciphe amakhono abo.

Kuyinto nakho kuyinkinga enkulu - nokulahlwa, okusho imfucuza Imikhumbi izindiza olwandle noma ukubhujiswa kwabo lohleliwe ... Ngakho kukhona ukungcoliswa mercury futhi amanzi olwandle phambili, yona evame ukuqonda isici buthelela izingqimba layo elingenhla.

Azov Sea - Izinkinga kanye Solutions

Kuphela indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ophuthumayo ososayensi kwemvelo bakholwe ushintsho olukhulu ngempela eziseqhulwini esifundeni. Kufanele kube ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa futhi kwathatha zokudoba kanye nokungcebeleka. Imbobo futhi ezokuthutha ingqalasizinda kudinga control esiqinile port nokuthunyelwa, ukwehla traffic kwezimpahla eziyingozi futhi iyingozi, sesimanje izitshalo ukwelashwa indle nokwakhiwa abasanda kuhlanganyela bodwa.

Kungasiza ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi ukusetshenziswa, ukwandisa izinhlawulo ukukhishwa okungagunyaziwe effluents.

Ezindaweni ezisogwini zidinga ebukezwe izimiso kwezolimo, Ukuyekwa kwezindlela izitshalo etshalwa ne ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane enobungozi kanye umquba, ukubuyiselwa zidala izinhlanzi kanye nemizila zabo ukufuduka.

Izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze qinisa imithetho ephathelene nokuvikelwa esogwini kanye zokuqapha njalo isimo emvelweni nemvelo yasogwini zasolwandle, sebekubeke unqabela nokulahlwa olwandle amanzi angcolile ingelashwa namanzi amanzi.

Yini namuhla kunezindlela ukuyihlanza?

izindlela Physical namakhemikhali

yokuhlanza Mechanical isetshenziswa uma ufuna ukususa ukudla okuqinile zingaxazululeki. Lokhu kwenziwa zingaphazamisi, filtration, sedimentation kanye nokususwa slurry izinhlayiya futhi sijikeleza amandla centrifugal.

izindlela Chemical zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda izinto lapho ifakwa emanzini. Reagents asetshenziselwe le nhloso, ekunciphiseni ubuthi noma solubility contaminants. Chemical Izindlela: I namachibi nokwehlisa, neutralization, ukususwa metal ion.

izindlela Physico-chemical, izindlela isb. E. Kuhlanganiswe enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba balahle ukungcola ngesimo emulsions kanye ukumiswa, izinto ziyoncibilika emanzini (kokubili organic wezinto). Amagama yezindlela eziyinhloko: coagulation, ion exchange, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, nabanye.

Indlela ezishisayo isetshenziswa lapho kuyadingeka ukuze ususe kusukela anokungcola izinto eziphilayo nosawoti wamaminerali. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-ndawonye emfantwini futhi ukuzihlalela kubo kusukela kodaka namachibi izinto eziningi eziphilayo esebenzisa yelikhono Umfutho futhi neutralization umlilo.

izindlela kwamakhemikhali nezindlela

izindlela ezinjalo zikhona ukuze bahlanze amanzi kusukela izakhi organic futhi ngokwengxenye wezinto kakhulu therein siphela. Le nqubo ibizwa eyakhelwe ikhono ezinye izitshalo nezilwanyakazana ezincane ukusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi njengoba ukudla.

inqubo uhlanzekile okunjalo izigaba ezimbili, ukugeleza izinga okuyinto ehlukile:

1. Adsorption amanyela ziyoncibilika nezinto ezincane eziphilayo esihle.

2. Ukubhujiswa izinto eziyingozi intracellularly ngumuntu inqubo yamakhemikhali.

Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu-non-oxidizing izinto wezinto setha emakamu esiphezulu.

Kuphi futhi kanjani ekwelapheni begazi senzeka?

Le ndlela kungenzeka izimo yokufakelwa kanye zemvelo. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama ensimini ngenkasa, amachibi begazi, filtration, nokunye. D.

ngenkasa ensimini - isiteji ekhethekile, esihlanganisa ukutshala izitshalo ewusizo nge yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Uma lutho isikhulile, kuyinto emkhakheni filtration. izindlela Soil athandwa kakhulu njengendlela unciphise ukukhiqizwa ukuqiniswa.

amachibi eziphilayo umphelelisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwelashwa izindawo. Lokhu emizimbeni emanzini angajulile, ngobugebengu ku izigaba. Isebenza kuphela ehlobo.

Isiphetho - ukuze ugweme i nenhlekelele emvelweni, kudinga inchubomgomo yembuso ecacile ukuvikela semvelo zasolwandle. Uma ungaqali manje ukuze ugcine oLwandle Azov, inkinga ingase ibe engelapheki.