Zamakhorali - kuyini? Umgoqo, izixhobo zamakhorali

Zibizwa ngokuthi ezivundile olwandle, futhi kuncane kuleli zwe ancintisane nabo ubuhle. Bona - iphupho ezithandwayo zezingoma zonke umthandi-scuba diving, nokuningi - ikhaya izigidi zezinhlanzi ... Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuthi omunye okudaliwe emangalisayo yokuphulukisa nemvelo - ku izixhobo.

Meaning and definition

Zamakhorali - kuyini? Nge izwi Dutch "zamakhorali" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ubambo". Ekuqaleni, leli gama lase lisetshenziselwa geography oceanographers selisho ewumngcingo elamadwala, ingozi kakhulu lokuthumela. Namuhla zamakhorali ngokuthi coral-algal ikakhulukazi imfundo ekujuleni kolwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, mhlawumbe bangamaJuda ukucupha ehlukahlukene nosayizi, babe ezahlukene izindawo sici. Kodwa "izinto zokwakha" I-izixhobo ongakhonza hhayi kuphela amarubi.

izinhlobo zama-coral

Kuye ukuze ngalokho imvelo has zamakhorali, bahlukene zibe izinhlobo eziningana.

Ngokwesibonelo, izixhobo enamadwala kwakhiwa ngenxa ukubhujiswa ogwini olunamadwala noma ezansi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa zemvelo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngasogwini lwaseCanada. Kwezinye izingxenye amanzi Scotland atholakala zamakhorali ngu tube worm. Namanje ngezinye izikhathi "abakhi" okwakushiwo yilesi simangaliso bemvelo kukhona oyster futhi bryozoans. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzithele ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali okuvimbelayo ulwandle utshani. Ngezinye izikhathi ngesisekelo ukudalwa kwakhona neziponji. Lokhu zamakhorali, ngokulandelana, ngokuthi sponge, futhi uma "inkathazo" ka cyanobacteria, ukwakheka ngokuthi stromatolite. Futhi ekugcineni, ibizwa ngokuthi zamakhorali yokufakelwa, okuyizinto yi bokusebenza komuntu.

Kodwa zonke lezi zenzakalo ngokwemvelo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu. Iningi zamakhorali kule planethi - umkhiqizo zokuphila coral.

Izixhobo zamakhorali - kuyini?

Underwater noma ingxenye esisogwini ebusweni kumiswa limestone, okuyinto steel zethu ezingokwenyama koloni polyp kanye akhethiwe zinhlobo ulwelwe ngokuthi zamakhorali.

Polyp ikilasi of ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle. Zihlala emanzini angajulile efudumele ezishisayo. Lapho ikoloni ka-coral polyp afe, namanje eziningi zamathambo. Futhi kusukela ngenhla axazulule inzalo oshonile, okuzokwenza ekugcineni agcwalisa "idlanzana" isidumbu sakhe. Nokunye, Ad Infinitum. It kuvela ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali zamakhorali - akulutho like mass kanzulu, ehlanganisa inqwaba polyp bukhoma futhi efile.

Nokho, akuzona zonke coral efanelekayo njengendlela material ekwakheni ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali, futhi nguye kuphela ukuthi uyakwazi amunce i-calcium carbonate emanzini olwandle. Lokho-calcium unesibopho ukwakheka skeleton. Futhi yokugcina yena, khona-ke uba isisekelo zokwakheka coral.

Ososayensi bathi ikhono amunce i-calcium unesibopho ulwelwe unicellular ekhona emzimbeni we polyp. Uma lesi sici engekho, nayo coral ngeke bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kudalwa ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali.

Kwamakhorali ungaba ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa fancy, efana ukucushwa ezakhiwe ngazo. Njengoba usayizi imidondoshiya yangempela zikhula phezu izigidi zeminyaka. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuze eyinkimbinkimbi "lace" pose phansi izixhobo kolwandle, okuyinto okunzima nokuyicabanga. It kuphela idinga ukubona ngamehlo ayo.

Lapho "owakhiwe" ezihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali

Izithombe kungabonwa ku-athikili yethu. Esinye sezici izixhobo zama-coral kuyinto thermophilic yabo. Bona - isakhiwo ethambile, amanzi abandayo uma egcwele usawoti eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi, kanye nokushoda kwelanga neqhaza kube ukubhujiswa kwabo okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke, indawo enkulu yokuhlala bakhetha ulwandle ifudumele mpumalanga Asia, lapho eqoqwe cishe 45% wezwe "iqoqo". 18% zamakhorali "baphile" ePacific, 17% - e-Indian, 14% - e-Atlantic, futhi-6% - oLwandle Olubomvu.

Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. Academic eyaziwa koloni zamakhorali okuyinto uhlala ngamanzi abandayo. Basuke ehlakazekile emhlabeni wonke futhi Sihlala emanzini ajulile (cishe ikhilomitha). Lona omunye sici yabo esiwuphawu, ngoba izixhobo bona abanakho ukuthambekela "ukubhukuda ebusika", ngokuvamile akhethe ukuphila angajulile. Le ndawo Imininingwane reserves kwalezi zikhungo emangalisayo zasolwandle we planethi amakhilomitha square abangaba yizigidi ezingu-27.

Inani labantu base-Coral Castle

Ugwadule ezivundile zasolwandle coral abizwa ngokuthi nje, kodwa ngenxa esitokisini abacebe izinhlanzi ezaziphekwe abahlala "castle enhle". Bagwala lapha, yebo, hhayi ubuhle bemvelo, futhi ukudla okumnandi ngesimo ama-polyp. Ngakho, endlini namanje izinhlanzi kanye dinner.

In ngamunye ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali kunamakhulu kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Avame abe mancane futhi elikhanyayo kakhulu. Red, ezinobuthi ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, nsomi, omnyama ... melteshenie njalo lezi "izibani" emhlabeni umzimba zamakhorali kudala isithombe esingakhulumekiyo.

Umxhwele futhi izikali. Nabayizinkulungwane 20 lezinhlanzi bony cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu emhlabeni ihlala e-coral. Ngaphezu inhlanzi, iqukethe lenqwaba izimpethu, molluscs, izipanji, ezinamagobolondo futhi ulwelwe.

Izinhlobo zama-coral

Kuye indawo ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo zama-coral:

• Coastal (noma fringing) zamakhorali amboze esiqhingini esiyingini zitholakala emanzini angajulile. Zimelela ithala emincane eyayibe uDavide uqala futhi aphethe ogwini buqamama, emanzini.
• isithiyo zamakhorali kakhulu ezikude kusukela ugu futhi ahlukaniswe ngayo ngokuyithumela ngaba nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
• zamakhorali Underwater kufihliwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Akekho uchastochek yakhe hhayi ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle. ukucupha maKristu abizwa ezingamaqoqo.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke isithiyo zamakhorali emhlabeni

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kanye Great Barrier Reef emhlabeni ubhekwa i-Australian. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ziqinisekise ukuphepha endaweni ezungeze leli zwekazi, afinyelela eduze Queensland, esehlanganise cishe 435 amakhilomitha square. On endaweni enjalo ukuthwala abantu imikhumbi wonke amazwe emhlabeni, kodwa bazogcinwa indawo nezwe elincane.

Lokhu conglomeration omkhulu yamakhorali colorful yaqala ukwakha enye engu-18 izigidi ezingu edlule, futhi isikhathi eside kangaka isikhathi sikhule yobukhulu okungakaze kube khona Impress ngisho wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili diving abathanda. I-Great Barrier Reef yakhiwa eziningi ezinkulu kanye nezincane, ngesimo iziqhingi esiyingqayizivele. It kuyabonakala ngisho kusuka isikhala!

ingcebo Coral oLwandle Olubomvu

Akuwona wonke isihambi angakwazi ukukhokhela ukuya zibabaza zamakhorali e-Australia. Kodwa kukhona okunye okukhulu - Egypt. Red Sea ingcebo engenakulinganiswa futhi umxhwele ngoba izigidi zezivakashi bakhangwa unyaka ngamunye.

Izixhobo zamakhorali eGibhithe zinezikhathi ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo futhi magic pink kanye nemibala okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ukhange zezinto eziphila emanzini. Waguqa phansi, ungabona hhayi kuphela coral izinqaba amahle, kodwa futhi lenqwaba izinhlanzi ezingavamile. Dolphins frolic e angajulile, futhi ugu is ngokoqobo ngithuka izimfudu kokuphumula. Nabo, efana zezihambeli ziyafika lapha eziphendula "call of zamakhorali."

Kulesi sihloko, thina zihlukile ngobukhulu nangokwakheka kwazo zamakhorali ukuthi izixhobo enjalo futhi siyini charm yabo. Kuchazwe zonke izinhlobo zawo. Yazisa zamakhorali, izithombe zazo sethula, kungenzeka kulesi sihloko. Saphinda ukukhumbuza ukuthi zinhlobo coral kuyizinto ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenziwa izixhobo, e-90% amacala kukhona ngenxa nje coral. Ungabona ezithombeni, lena mbukwane ngempela. Namuhla, izixhobo zama-coral abhekwa cishe esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba.