Amazwi netaga ngesihloko esithi "ungubani Human"

Kusukela isiko befundisa abantu, khona-ke umuntu wathi eziningi, ngisho kakhulu. Thina unconventionally asondele ikhambi yenkinga "IzAga ku" Lomuntu-umuntu "." Okwakhe itholakala lokuthi ukuthi thina uyonika umfundi isiqondiso esithile yokusesha zokudala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzofunda mayelana abalobi kabani amabhuku ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye enikelwe inkinga yomuntu.

Fridrih Nitsshe: "Umuntu uyisidalwa intambo welulela phakathi isilo overman"

ukwazi IMisa ngizile ukuhlobanisa igama Nietzsche ngokumelene wobushiqela. Thanda, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye ideologue lokhu kuthambekela. Ngempela, ezinye imibono Hitler lathathwa sefilosofi kwekhulu le-19, i-pre-kokuguqula kubo. Eqinisweni kunzima ukusho ukuthi Nietzsche libhekisela leminyaka. yobudala ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo nokuma begazi kungokwalabo le-19 nelama ekhandlayo ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo lapho - indoda sefilosofi kwekhulu lama-20. Sizokwenza anamathele amaqiniso, hhayi imizwelo. Nietzsche kakade akakwazanga ukumvimba Hitler, kusukela efa ngo-1900.

I oyisazi enkulu

Nietzsche amasevisi amaningi nefilosofi, kodwa esinye sazo annoys abantu kakhulu: Umuntu onemibono owaqala kushiwo esidlangalaleni umuntu mass. Akashongo - "ukusakaza ezingcolile." Kodwa eqinisweni, "Indoda - lokhu kuyinto okufanele ziphumelela kangcono." Ngamanye amazwi, Nietzsche - sefilosofi obunokuthula ababeshumayela ngokuphathelene nokuzilimaza-ngcono, usebenzisa nesilulumagama iqhawe. Nietzsche kufanele ufunde konke, kodwa ikakhulukazi "Ngakho Abakhuluma Zarathustra". Kule ncwadi "wonke umuntu futhi akekho", uzothola izinto eziningi, kuhlanganise ezihlukahlukene izitatimende mayelana ungubani komuntu.

Jose Ortega Gasset: "Sukuma uquqaba" (1930)

wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngemva kokufa Nietzsche sika ekukhanyeni umsebenzi eshicilelwe (bheka. I isihlokwana), ebelikude uhlobo izinguquko. Yanikwa hhayi kuphela genesis uyaca lwabantu ngezinga okungakaze kwenzeke uhlobo ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi ngendlela enemininingwane echazwe izici zayo. Encwadini J. Ortega (wayekhetha ubizwe ngaleyo ndlela) le usongo main kuboshelwe ngxabano mass yomuntu kwabantu.

Ababili uhlobo anthropological ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nomunye ukuthi omunye (kuqala) - lokhu umthengi, kanti eyesibili - sibalo. Omunye - lazy futhi "ham civilizational" ocabanga ukuthi umhlaba wonke ukhona kuphela ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe. Enye isebujameni njalo bobuchule kokusungulwa ngokwayo, ekuguquleni self. J. Ortega ncwadi emnandi futhi ubhalwe ngolimi ephapheme futhi kufinyeleleke ngawo ukubhekana nesimo, ngisho wesikole. Lokhu akulona GV Hegel no Heidegger. Yiqiniso, it has lonke eningi bezijabulisa futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ngamanye amazwi, enjalo ukugcwala ulwazi lwakho umthwalo ngesihloko "IzAga ku" indoda (umuntu) kanye izingcaphuno ezidumile ngakho. ' "

Irvin Yalom, "Lapho Nietzsche wakhala" (1992)

Ungesabi nakancane, kungcono incwadi art anikezelwe umcimbi, okwakuyinto ngempela.

Ngu uthisha Freud, Josef Breuer, wafika Lu utshani wathi umngane wakhe, njengoba Ubonakala ugulela ukufa. Ayikwazanga uprofesa ukukhuluma kuye bese ubona? Uprofesa wavuma. Lokhu umngani Fridrih Nitsshe. Breyer kuthatha ngaleli "khambi ukukhuluma." Ngokomlando, psychoanalysis weza kamuva, yebo. Kodwa Yalom displaces ngamabomu isizinda esingokomlando. Nakuba amaqiniso kule ncwadi - awuyona into eyinhloko, into esemqoka kulo ukuthi igcwele aphorisms emangalisayo ngomuntu ukuphila komuntu. Futhi Breuer wayengazi ukuthi ungubani amshaya ngo amakhasimende. Nietzsche ngokwakhe oyisazi omkhulu futhi psychoanalyst, belingana, isibonelo, nge Schopenhauer. Akumangalisi ukuthi phakathi ukuhlaziya iklayenti kanye nodokotela emuva, futhi Nietzsche kakade "ukhuluma ikhambi" udokotela uhlola ubuqiniso zokuphila kwakhe. Phakathi emangalisayo kukhishelwa Yalom mpendulwano kukhona ezifana (ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, kudlule kuphela okushiwo):

- Ucabanga, kungani uba udokotela?

- Angazi. Ubaba wathi ufuna ukungenzela.

- Ngekabani ukhethe?

- Mhlawumbe, isiko, uhlanga lwamakhosi. I ngandlela-thile nhlo, ngangifuna ukuba ngumculi.

Russian Folk evumelanisiwe amazwi (izaga) "Umuntu (umuntu) kanye ukuphila kwakhe kwangasese" zifunwa kulokhu lula. Ukuze isiko lethu umuntu - ezingezinhle Inani oda. Ngakho-ke, eyayikho ngemihla ka-umphakathi nabalimi abancane, ngakho-ke kwaba eSoviet Union. Ngubani umuntu eRussia iziphathimandla zizama ukugqilaza nge 'izimiso yenkampani "ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokuvamile u-Irvin Yalom ngobuciko eliqoshiwe temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba bakhe 'ngokubonisana nabo Nietzsche. " sefilosofi German akazange athi ukuthi wabhala Yalom, kodwa wayengathi. Isibonelo, lokhu: "Ngaphambi unezingane, udinga wayeyozalelwaphi."

Ngikhumbula umcabango S.Dovlatov ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 akwanele ukuba sifane nomuntu. Nokho-ke umcabango edabukisayo, futhi kuyindida.

Umfundi kungaba wathukuthela bathi lokhu akulona izaga enkulumweni yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "Indoda (umuntu)." Kodwa kungcono kakhulu! A ukukhiqiza kazwelonke aphorisms namanje ngeke ungabaze.

Blez Paskal, "Imicabango" (1657 - 1658)

"Imicabango" - incwadi ukwazi, emangalisayo. Kuningi yokucabanga ngokuthi inkolo, kodwa avulekile ngakho, mnene kunjalo, lokho akusho konakalisa incwadi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ngenxa yezimo abhekene uqale ukucabanga ngoNkulunkulu. Kunoma ikuphi, akusiyo lalibalulekile kuye. Ukhiye wukuthi B. Pascal wakhuluma indoda. Ngokwesibonelo, aphorism ukuthi indoda owaziwa - ". Ukucabanga mhlanga" a Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, utjela umfundi ukuthi ukuba khona ulula futhi oludlulayo ngakolunye - ukuthi umuntu empeleni oqinile ivumelana nezimo. Ngaphansi imimoya enamandla kakhulu zemvelo kanye ukuphila, uyakwazi goba, sigobe ukugwema ukufa. By endleleni, it has cishe abantu aphorism, t. E. Kuyingxenye iqembu "izaga enkulumweni yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi" Personality Human ".

imicabango Very interesting mayelana ezizokwehlela abantu Pascal. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa umsebenzi - lena okhulekela izithixo luyingxenye Russian. Mhlawumbe, okuwumsebenzi - a "inkampani" Russian umqondo noMesiya emhlabeni. Futhi e-Europe, abantu azibonayo umsebenzi yabo kuphela njengempango izikebhe. Badinga ukuba amakhosi ezinhle, yilokho kuphela.

Kulo mongo, isazi sefilosofi isiFulentshi, baphikisana ngekutsi injongo, uthi: "Yini enquma isiphetho sethu? Ingozi ". Okulandelayo, vuma angadlulisa ihlathululo mazombe ngaphandle izingcaphuno. Sibonile zisencane, isibonelo, ummeli noma oyisazi sezomnotho. Uma senza, udumisekile siyaqaphela ukuthi muhle. Khona-ke sikhetse umsebenzi elifanele. Umuntu, umuntu (izaga kanye amazwi aphathelene nalokhu kungaba zihluke kakhulu) - ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi kuncike ongashi ucwaningo. Sizama ukungasho kuphela satiate amaqiniso ehlukene umfundi, nendlela iphawule labo abalobi imisebenzi kabani nakanjani kuwufanele wokufundwayo.

Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibe ngcono nakakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isiko lomkhaya. Makube zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. Ubaba wathatha indodana yakhe ibe ngaphambili isitimela zisencane. Umfana wabona kukuhle futhi kumnandi ukuqondisa, ukushayela isitimela. Lesi sithombe sesiwele phansi enganakile yakhe futhi abalingisa lonke kokuphila kwasemsebenzini nokomuntu. Futhi manje uneminyaka engu-30, yena kakade iminyaka engu-10 esitimeleni, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ehlezi ke, acabanga: "Mama, lokho Ngenzani lapha" noma "Impilo yami ekubumbeni up njengoba okungalungile" (S. King) . Futhi basola isithombe izingane, kodwa futhi ekutheni uyise lutho olubi umshayeli akakwazanga ukubona. Kodwa, njengoba wayethi George Barnes. "Kuyadabukisa sisole abazali, uma uku phezu 25".

izaga Russian ngesihloko esithi "Personality Human"

Sesifikile futhi Ketha emthonjeni kazwelonke. Sizokwenza ukuchitha ezintathu kuphela kwezine evela aphorism.

1. Hhayi uhlobo lomuntu ophila naye, lowo kwakha injabulo abantu.
2. Wonke umuntu - imfihlakalo.
3. Man engazalwanga ngokwethu.

Ngisho lezi izitatimende kuyacaca ukuthi umphefumulo wabantu Russian - bemvelo elakhiwa abantu abaningi, kodwa okungenani ukuqonda okuthile, kumele ilashwe ngokwehlukana futhi ngokuqondile.

Njengoba ubona, abantu Russian uhlobo izaga enkulumweni yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "Ubunikazi nomfanekiso waso oyifunayo." Nokho, yini ongayenza. In amazwi Marx: "uMuntu inquma ekufeni." Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ukuphila akajabuli kakhulu.