Amandla ibhomu eHiroshima. Nuclear lokuqala isizukulwane ibhomu "Umfanyana" futhi "Fat Man"

Ukutholakala inqubo ye-uranium ukuqoqwa kwakuyisiqalo enkathini entsha lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu ngo-1938. Futhi lokhu kusho hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa lwazi aluthola ukuze kuzuze umphakathi wesintu. Umhlaba wabona amandla ezinkulukazi ebhubhisayo ibhomu. Ukuba ku arsenal iyisikhali esinamandla, nje touch, ungakwazi ababhubhise yonke le mbulunga. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi phakathi nezimpi zezwe lwaqala, izingxabano ezincane kakhulu ezincane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kahulumeni kuwo wonke amazwe - ukuba kube ukuhlakanipha. izwe Okwesithathu, ambalwa olungakwazi ukuphila khona. Imiphumela ekuhlaseleni kathi kwale mizi emibili Japanese ngo-1945 ukuqinisekisa lamagama ngokucacile.

I ukulwa ukusetshenziswa lokuqala le ibhomu le-athomu emlandweni

Impendulo yalo mbuzo othi: "Lapho amabhomu eHiroshima" kuyonikeza yimuphi umfundi: "Ekuseni lesithupha August 1945". Ngezinye 8:15 am amatilosi a webhomu US air force "Hey enol" brand "B-29" ahlasela umuzi Japanese izikhali eyinkimbinkimbi nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani amane. Elethiwa ibhomu lokuqala le-athomu - ". The Kid" Kushone kuphela abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa. Esikhathini ngangomuso emva kwalolo - omunye 90.000, ikakhulukazi kusukela esiqine yokuchayeka emisebeni. Amandla ibhomu eHiroshima, kwaba kufika ku kilotons amabili e TNT. Irediyasi nolokubhujiswa - amakhilomitha angaphezu kwelilodwa nengxenye.

Eyesibili ukulwa nokusetshenziswa ibhomu le-athomu emlandweni

Amandla ibhomu eHiroshima, kwaba kancane esingaphansi "Fat Man", okuyinto 9 Agasti 1945 uhlaselwe emzini Japanese of Nagasaki Idelakufa nge imodeli efanayo njengoba ukuthi Hiroshima ( "Ibhokisi imoto"). Injongo eyinhloko inqwaba emadepho lempi (futhi kubhekwe Yokohama futhi Kyoto) kwaba edolobheni Kokura, kabani indawo iye igxile Ngasohlangothini ehlasela. Kodwa ngenxa umyalo oqinile ifu sishintshe umzila indiza izindiza.

Kulo muzi kwakunamaJuda ithuba uhlale yayinjalo - kwaba esinamafu ngalolo suku. Kodwa indiza bewunephoso fuel futha. Ithimba wakwazi ukuvakashela ethangeni eyodwa kuphela, nokuthi kwenziwe.

radar Japanese "ikhombe" indiza isitha, kodwa kwakungeyona umlilo uqale. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, amasosha wasebathatha osomaqhinga.

pilot American bakwazi ukuthola kusakazeka ukukhanya lwamafu umshayeli, ukugxila lamatshwayo enkundleni yezemidlalo, sicindezelwe isigwedlo. Ibhomu wawa ngalé target. OFakazi bakhumbula lokhu ngezingane ukuqhuma amandla anjalo, okuyinto esiyitholayo zokuhlala amakhilomitha amane ukusuka Nagasaki.

amandla ngezinga elingakaze lifinyelelwe

Amandla amabhomu eHiroshima futhi Nagasaki, inani safinyelela okulingana cishe amane kilotons. Mayelana amabili ngesikhathi "Fat Man" nesishiyagalombili ngesikhathi "izingane". Nokho, ikhemikhali asebenzayo wayehlukile. Hiroshima ishanelwe ifu kanye nokwe-uranium-235. Nagasaki labhujiswa ukuchayeka plutonium-239.

Amandla ibhomu eHiroshima, kwaba yokuthi yonke ingqalasizinda ezisemadolobheni kanye iningi izakhiwo kwabhujiswa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, umlilo nabasebenza elwa umlilo ensimini ka ezingaphezu kuka nanye amakhilomitha square.

Nagasaki kusukela ethekwini ezinkulu, maphakathi shipbuilding umkhakha futhi lingamanxiwa okwesikhashana. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, abanjwe a ikhilomitha ukusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona, bashone khona. umlilo eqinile futhi akuphelanga isikhathi eside, sisizwa umoya onamandla. Ngokuvamile, edolobheni abephule nambili kuphela amaphesenti angu izakhiwo.

indiza nabasebenza

Amagama alabo abashiya amabhomu eHiroshima futhi Nagasaki, zaziwa azikaze kufihlwe futhi awazange oluthathwa.

Amatilosi "Enola Gay" kuhlanganisa nambili.

Umkhuzi ibhodi kwaba uColonel uPawulu Tibbets. Nguye akhethiwe indiza lusesesigabeni ukukhiqizwa futhi athumba abaningi imisebenzi. Ngamnika ukuze udedele ibhomu.

Thomas Ferebi, scorer - wayengumuntu oshayelayo yangibeka inkinobho ebulalayo. Wabalwa the umdubuli kambayimbayi engcono e-US Air Force.

Amatilosi indiza "Ibhokisi imoto" yayinama abantu nantathu.

Oshayelayo kwaba umlawuli nezisebenzi futhi omunye abashayeli best of the US Air Force uMajor. Charlz Suini (ngesikhathi bombardment lokuqala kwaba phezu wokugada indiza). Wathumela ngebhomu edolobheni Japanese.

ULieutenant Dzhekob iBeseri iqhaza kuzo zombili esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa zomlando.

Zonke abaye baphila ukuphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Futhi cishe akekho wazisola ngalokho okwakwenzekile. Kuze kube manje, ophilayo kakade akukho omunye amalungu ala namakalishi-mlando okubili okwenzeka.

Bekubalulekile yini ukuthi ithengwe?

Kuye kwaba phezu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa kusukela ukuhlaselwa ezimbili. Izimpikiswano mayelana nokufaneleka kwabo kwenziwa kuze. Abanye ososayensi uyaqiniseka ukuthi Japanese zaziyakulwa kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi impi sidonsa iminyaka eminingi ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasindiswa izimpilo izinkulungwane amasosha aseSoviet, ababezoba ukuqalisa ukusebenza lempi eliseMpumalanga Ekude.

Abanye bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi Japan wayekulungele sokunikela nemicimbi 6 nele-9 August 1945 amaMelika ayengajuli ngaphezu ngempi.

isiphetho

Imicimbi kakade sezilithathile indawo, lutho kungashintshwa. Amandla ezinkulukazi ibhomu eHiroshima, bese Nagasaki wabonisa indlela abantu kude ungaya nge isikhali ukuziphindiselela.

Konke ithemba kancane, ngoba phezu ngokuhlakanipha osopolitiki, isifiso sabo esiqotho ukuba uthole ukusilela kule ngxabano. Okuyinto isisekelo esiyinhloko ekugcineni ukuthula ethambile.