Alulaze sulfuric acid

Kungekho nto enemibala emihle ketshezi viscous, izinga lokushisa ukubila okuyinto 269,2 ° C, futhi amandla adonsela phansi ethize - 1.83 g / ml at lokushisa kuma (20º) - lokhu sulfuric acid. Lokuncibilika yalolu ketshezi kuyinto 10,3ºS kuphela.

Izinga emakamu of sulfuric acid ngokuyinhloko lunqume ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyi-chemistry ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Njengomthetho, kukhona eyisisekelo amazinga ezimbili ezivamile division okuhlushwa, ngisho nangomqondo ngokuqinile isayensi, ukuqhuba umehluko zezinombolo phakathi kwazo akunakwenzeka. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba labelwe alulaze sulfuric acid kanye kanzulu sulfuric acid.

Ukuhlanganyela eziningi izinsimbi ezifana yensimbi, zinc, magnesium, yalolu ketshezi kudedela hydrogen ngesikhathi yokusabela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-ukusabela ukusabela yensimbi senzeka, ogama ifomula kulotshiwe kanje: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi alulaze sulfuric acid, okuyinto libhekene impahla yayo njengendlela oxidizer eqinile, cishe akasabeli ezisansimbi nomsebenzi ongaphakeme - zethusi, nesiliva, negolide.

Ukuba oxidant enamandla, kwakwakhe uyakwazi oxidizing uhlu olude kakhulu izinsimbi, lokhu impahla kwenza kube kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukukhiqizwa yezimboni.

Ngokuvamile, by ukusabela nge izinto amakhemikhali esebenzayo, njenge-magnesium noma sodium, ngenxa yokusabela redox etholwe oxide nesibabule (IV), futhi uma lezi zinto ephilayo izinsimbi, ukusabela okuholela ukhiqiza hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) nesibabule (S ). Lezi izinsimbi ephilayo calcium, potassium, magnesium sekushiwo nabanye.

Anhydrous, noma enye ibizwa ngokuthi, kanzulu kakhulu sulfuric acid, ababuthakathaka noma kakhulu akusho uxhumana izinsimbi, ezifana yensimbi, ngoba yensimbi has a aphansi kakhulu umsebenzi zamakhemikhali. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ekuhlanganyeleni kwabo ongakhonza kuphela ebusweni ukwakheka ingxubevange equkethe yensimbi, ifilimu okuqinile, lapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa oxides. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi buhlanjululwe sulfuric acid, kanti kanzulu xaxa, ligcinwe bese zithutha izigubhu okungcono esenziwe: titanium, aluminium, ne-nickel.

Le into uyakwazi oxidize non-izinsimbi, ngisho ukukhombisa oxidative yabo izakhiwo ukusabela izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, yiziphi ejenti ukunciphisa. Isimilo ukusabela okunjalo kunqunywa degree yokugxilisa ingqondo, okuyinto ine alulaze sulfuric acid esimweni ngasinye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lokuhlushwa has eziningi izakhiwo isici emimoya nezinye acid. Ngokwesibonelo, okwazi uxhumana oxides, kuholele kwemihlambi usawoti. Into efanayo yenzeka nokuxhumana hydroxides. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlambulula sulfuric acid, formula lapho H2SO4, kuyinto ekhuthaza dibasic, okuyinto uzoba isici esithile kuphela ngezici zawo e ekuxhumaneni nezinye izinto. Izenzo main eziletha usawoti yalezi ekusebenzisaneni akhiwa ezimbili izinhlobo aphakathi (a kanzulu acid), nosawoti - sulfate futhi buhlanjululwe ukuba - nosawoti acid, hydrosulfates.

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, hlambulula sulfuric acid - ukusetshenziswa ebalulekile futhi abantu abaningi base-umkhiqizo embonini zamakhemikhali. Isicelo kweminye imikhakha yezimboni futhi enezici. Ngakho, it is asetshenziswe Ukuze kwenziwe imicu ekhiqizwa yokufakelwa, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki, umquba, udayi. izakhiwo Acid yafuna enkulu ekwakhekeni iziqhumane. Esikhathini umkhakha Metallurgical ke lubaluleke ku ukukhiqizwa izinsimbi, kodwa futhi kabanzi njengoba dryer igesi.

Izisetshenziswa ezilethwayo ka sulfuric acid - sulphate - ngenkuthalo asetshenziswa kwezolimo, umkhakha - ekukhiqizeni opende, iphepha, irabha, usimende, nokuningi.