Yiziphi izici isakhi moss? Isakhiwo moss "Kukushkin yefilakisi"

Yiziphi izici isakhi moss? Ngokusho isakhiwo sabo, ziyafana izimila zasolwandle, kodwa ngokungafani kubo, iningi zama-wona abe Isiqu namaqabunga. Rhizoids efana izimpande ubasize bahlale phezu futhi zimunce amanzi. Ukuze wona libhekene ibanga sasivumela ebanzi izindawo. Iningi lazo uthanda izindawo olumanzi, wesihlahla, ngokuvamile emhlabeni phansi kwezihlahla. Kodwa bakhona labo abathanda ukukhanya, futhi ukhule njengoba epiphytes ku amagatsha emithi noma ezindaweni ezivulekile ezifana emabhishi kanye ithrekhi ubumba onqenqemeni. Zonke sphagnum noma Peat wona ezimila emachibini emaxhaphozini lapho emi emanzini unyaka wonke.

ukubukeka

wona kakhulu - a, izitshalo eziluhlaza encane enamaqabunga aluhlaza, enamathiselwe inhlabathi, amagxolo ezihlahla noma amatshe ne mncane izimpande ngentambo-like ngokuthi rhizoids. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo angase abe uqonde olulodwa neziqu, kanti abanye baye branched sifanamsindvo bese eyama ukhaphethi ezithambile oluhlaza, esehlanganise phansi. Ngo eNew Zealand, moss eliphakeme ikhula (Dawson Superba), lafinyelela ukuphakama isigamu imitha, kodwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ukufinyelela amasentimitha mayelana 1-2 ukuphakama.

Ukusinda ezinzima

Lezi master anabiosis ezifana wona, ungakwazi ukumelana lokushisa eliphezulu (70 ° C) isikhathi isikhathi eside, futhi kubuye umswakama bayabuya baphile. Lena ifomu emangalisayo luyokhula, ezijulile emahlathini nasezintabeni nasemihumeni lapho umfutho ukukhanya kuyinto eyanele ekukhuleni evumayo yanoma yisiphi esinye zezithombo eziluhlaza. Esikhathini okusezingeni eliphezulu wona Arctic ungomunye simila amafomu ezimbalwa ezingase ukusinda abandayo elimazayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi zingaba yinzuzo kanzima ukuze afinyelele imifantu nemifantu lapho izitshalo kakhulu nje wahluleka basinde. Abanaso zife lapho ezomile. Ezinkathini ezomile, umzimba wabo amvalele phansi kuze kufike izimvula Ungabe usabuya lapho wokhelwa futhi, yonke imisebenzi yokuphila zibuyiselwe. Lokhu kusiza isakhiwo wona ikakhulu. Lezi zitshalo bakudala abhekwa kwabokuqala abaye bahlakulela ikhono siphile ezweni.

izingxabano ikuyo yonke indawo

Ikhishwe ezinhlamvu moss bayakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide umoya futhi iphila iminyaka leminyenti. Ngemuva kokuthola induduzo ezinza futhi aqala ukukhiqiza sesigcilikisha enoboya. Kusukela ezinhlamvu ziqhume sesigcilikisha ukuthi anamekwe ebusweni esebenzisa rhizoids. Isakhiwo emelelwa gametophyte moss, okubandakanya stem futhi eshiya, lapho i-photosynthesis Kwenziwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukukhanya kwelanga iguqulwe ibe amandla nomsoco. Yiziphi izici isakhi moss? Mosses ube leaf ngokugcwele esikhundleni ku sifanamsindvo ahlelwe ezihlobene spirally ezincane ngesimo ishq flat noma ishq.

Mosses: isakhiwo nokukhiqizwa

Nakuba wona musa eziqhakaza, ezinye izinhlobo amahlumela umthondo besilisa zingase zifane amancane aluhlaza le kude imbali amakhanda. Lokuzaliswa kwenzeka endaweni evulekile, lifihliwe ngaphakathi imbali. Anterozoidy etholakala izikhwama ezincane, ukuze zalisa iqanda lamaseli engumakhelwane. Isiqu has a capsule spore, ngokuthi sporangium, ungaveza kufike ku kwesigidi ezinhlamvu. Yokuvuthwa senzeka Ngaphansi nje kwalolo ngwengwezi okuyisipesheli bome bese liwa lapho ayisadingeki. ezinhlamvu wavuthwa zikhishwa futhi ukushiya capsule ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha.
Mosses musa kuphela zincike ukuzala. Gametophytes namangqamuzana okukhethekile amabhola efakwe kuyo. Uma omunye pbokovyh obegov aphulwa, ukuthi amaseli eyodwa elula kwanele ukwakha entsha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa sokusinda izitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Izici isakhiwo moss, ubulula somklamo futhi izindlela ezimbalwa yokuzalana kubenza bakwazi ukuthola endaweni yazo yonke indawo kusukela e-Arctic Circle nenkabazwe. Kuyinto ezinzile Akumangazi batshale ukwahlukahlukana.

Biology kanye Evolution

Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi wona ngukhokho elivamile laso sonke izitshalo eliwumhlaba. Isayensi yanamuhla ikhomba ezingaphezu kuka-10 000 izinhlobo ingashintshwa ukuze ezihlukahlukene izindawo, kusukela ehlane kuze imizimba amanzi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Moss isakhiwo ikhipha elula, gametophytes zinezinhlobo ezihlukene zamangqamuzana. Ukuphendula amanzi emzimbeni, ukuvuselela amaseli Kuhlukanisa kuphinde ukuhlukanisa ku obukhulu, amaseli ziboshelwa ukuthi ibhekane yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo. Life liqala futhi emuva lapho isitshalo engena izimo ezikahle. Mosses wakwazi ukugcina izici bakudala kwengqamuzana nokwenza, kanye i khono elimangalisayo ukujwayela ukuthi uye wabavumela ukuba kudume ezihlukahlukene izindawo.

Izici isakhiwo

Yiziphi izici isakhi moss? Isakhiwo kufaka isiqu, amacembe kanye axillary izinwele rizoiday. Isiqu ngokuvamile akhiwa amangqamuzana epidermal encane obukhulu, futhi conductive parenchyma mncane-ngodonga amaseli amaseli. amaseli conductive zihlanganisa hydroids futhi leptoidy. Amahlamvu kuvame sakhiwa isendlalelo esisodwa amaseli, ngaphandle emithanjeni Amasimu okungase aqukethe amangqamuzana amaningana umahluko. On the stem lapho sporophyte, sporangium, ezinhlamvu, okuyinto futhi aqukethe ezikhethekile zamangqamuzana.

Izinzuzo isakhiwo moss

Yiziphi izici isakhi moss, sithole, futhi manje kufanele ucabangele amathuba abo kwesakhiwo. Njengoba wona uthole wonke umsoco okuvela emoyeni, njengoba imisuka yangempela banayo, lesi sitshalo undemanding isithunzi kuphela liyadingeka, inhlabathi acid futhi umswakama eyanele. Indawo ayethanda kuyinto nenhlabathi abekelwe emaceleni nge amazinga aphansi izakhi. Ngaphezu lithathelwe ezinhle nezimo, wona abe nekhono elihle ukuze ikhiqize omningi lendwangu ehlanganisa yeseli uhlobo olulodwa, kanye ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo protoplasts odongeni cell.

Kukushkin yefilakisi

Isakhiwo moss yefilakisi Kukushkin imibukiso abavamile sinombala mncane sifanamsindvo, ezinabantu embozwe amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza. Kuyinto isitshalo zisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izindawo zokulahla ukhaphethi obukhulu, isetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokwelapha. Kukushkin yefilakisi ezikhulayo emathafeni ase-, amaxhaphozi, izintaba, amahlathi, izimfunda. It yakha umcamelo Turf noma benziwe eyodwa kombhede okuqhubekayo obukhulu. Zisetshenziswa esinezimila moss ngeziqu kukhona mikhulu. Engxenyeni engezansi rhizoids stem ukuthuthukisa (izimpande analog bakudala).

Okulandelayo iyona ovundlile main sifanamsindvo ngaphandle amaqabunga. Khona-ke, i-yesibili uqonde stem ubude 15 cm. Lezi zenzakalo ngabanye ongafinyelela cm 30. Isiqu yesibili ezinabantu ukumboza usesimweni amahlamvu. I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi moss Kukushkin emelelwa bakudala isimiso semithambo yegazi lapho amanzi nezakhi ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa isiqu amahlamvu. Amanye amaseli stem kukhona side futhi axhunyiwe ngababili, enzelwe kuphela ukuthutha amanzi. Amahlamvu ezansi stem akwenzeki, kodwa ahlale ngesimo ishq.