Yiziphi imisebenzi tichasiso? Uhlu izibonelo zokusetshenziswa yokukhuluma

Izingxenye Speech - indlela kahle ehlelekile lapho kungekho isici engadingekile. Ngokumangalisayo, ngolimi ngalunye, leli washi is ngokufanako. Iqiniso lokuthi ngolimi olulodwa ungaboniswa amagama amabili noma amathathu, kwenye kuzodinga wokwakha isiphakamiso kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yingakho kubalulekile kakhulu ekutadisheni izilimi zakwamanye amazwe asiqondi lolimi ngendlela slipshod, futhi uzame ukuqonda umthetho ngamunye - eqinisweni akekho kubo akukho lutho olusizayo.

Isiphawulo ingenye izingxenye ezisemqoka inkulumo, unikeza abantu ithuba ukuchaza ngokucacile emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, it has umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo ngezilimi ezahlukene zomhlaba. Lesi sakhiwo kanye nendawo emshweni, futhi elihlaba nabanye titfo tenkhulumo, futhi yebo, imisebenzi ukuthi basebenza isiphawulo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola futhi uqhathanise umsebenzi waleli ingxenye inkulumo ngezilimi amaningana aseYurophu.

izakhiwo ezivamile

Ngakho, iziphi izici babe tichasiso? Uhlu libanzi.

Okokuqala, into ukugxambukela isiphawulo kubonisa uphawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impahla sichazwe eziphilayo njalo noma into engaphili (umngane oqotho, ikhaya enhle). izimpawu Non-zenqubo nazo kuthiwa tandziso, kodwa lezi zimpawu zingekho isihloko, bese esenzweni (ukugijima, upende enhle).

Uma Isiphawulo kuhlobene ngokuqondile zebizo, kumelwe bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa yakhe "umphathi." Izilimi ezahlukene ukuba nezigaba ezahlukene emabito: Inombolo, ubulili, icala, isiZulu. Konke kulezi zigaba bona zamukele tichasiso - uhlu lwezigaba ngabo ibukeka nse.

ubuhlobo

Futhi tiphawulo eduze oxhumene nezinye titfo tenkhulumo, engena komunye nomunye nokwenza acebile. Wakhipha lesi uxhumano zabo izabizwana netinombolo. Eslphambanweni lezi titfo tenkhulumo ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi noma iyiphi izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki, ekuphenduleni umbuzo "okuyinto nesikweletu?", Kanye isabizwana isihlobo kanye interrogative "okuyinto" futhi "lowo." Kufanele futhi ukugqamisa umphumela echaza into ngokusebenzisa isakramente, okuyinto wabeletha tento netichasiso. Uhlu la mafomu likhulu kakhulu (ngomkhumbi umkhumbi, elala Tiger). ISidlo futhi uhambisane into bese elinika kuwuphawu Inqubo.

ukuguqulwa isiphawulo

Secondary imvelo isiphawulo ugcizelela ngendlela lasungulwa. Ngokuvamile wawubumba is kusukela emabito, ukugxila ezinye izakhiwo ukhiye noma izimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-raspberry wasipha umbala langelembu engela - Gait emincane. Umlandzi ezibonisa into yomunye - isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu buhlobene eduze le ngxenye kwenkulumo kanye amabizo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinjalo kuba ulimi oluhlukile isiRashiya, lapho tiphawulo sebuniyo akhiwa ngokuvamile: incwadi Umkhulu - incwadi Umkhulu.

Ngo amafomu German English futhi azikho. Encwadini IsiZulu grandad lingelayo incwadi Umkhulu kubonisa sebuniyo Ibizo grandad. Ngo-German kukhona kucishe ifomu lula, esetshenziselwa anamagama efanele: U-Anase-Auto. Nokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu indima kuwuhlobo okhethekile genitive: das Buch des Grossvaters, kuyilapho kwasekuqaleni yilona ukuwuthobela, kungabi umnini wayo.

IsiZulu liyaziwa ukuguqulwa - shintsho oluphelele eyodwa tenkhulumo komunye ngaphandle izinguquko ebonakalayo. ukuguqulwa athintekayo kanye tiphawulo - ezimanzi (ezimanzi) kungaba Ibizo okusho "ezimanzi" ngaphandle nobunzima. A ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu ku "ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu" okusho esimweni esithile kuyoba isenzo "stroynet".

Ngo-German, indlela efanayo kwenza isiphawulo ku i Ibizo abstract. Schwarz ngomqondo "amnyama" uma ungeza isihloko ozuza okushiwo "ebumnyameni." Kukhona kungenzeka ukuguqula ngokucaphuma izidalwa eziphila ne uphawu okuthiwa ikhiqiza i isiphawulo, der Irre - «uyahlanya», der Taube - «abayizithulu». Ukungeza esihlokweni Isiphawulo usebenza French: Le Ciel is Bleu (isiphawulo); Le Bleu (ibizo) du Ciel. Bleu umsebenzi syntactic usendaweni yawo umusho, futhi ukuba khona sihloko sinikeza isizathu sokukholwa le Bleu ibizo. Ngakho ibizo le Bleu, ngaphandle ukubaluleka main (isiqu umbala - blue, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanti elinye inamandla, isibonelo: izingubo ezivikelayo, ihembe blue, saqala, ilimaze okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukutshelekela tichasiso

Kunezinhlobo eziningana wokuboleka angaphandle tiphawulo, kuye ngezinga yabo okuzivumelanisa namaqiniso ulimi aphethe. Kule ndaba, kukhona eziningana zalezi zinhlobo:

• Qedela ukope - izwi lingenzeki ibhekane noma yiziphi izinguquko, uhlelo akuthathi ulimi Nokwehla. Ngokuvamile, lezi ukufaka imigomo ethize isitayela (Retro, Rococo), kanye eyinkimbinkimbi umbala shades (Marsala, indigo).
• Tijobelelo - ivolumu iqembu tichasiso kunazo waboleka. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi nje ukusithatha nozakwabo ngolimi aphethe kanye angaphandle tijobelelo tiphawulo. Zibhaleni phansi enkulu ngokwanele. tijobelelo French -aire, -ique futhi -Uma Ushintshe kulekelelwa e -ar- Isijobelelo zemvelo -S. Futhi okudume Isijobelelo -ichesky: legendaire - edume; diplomatique - zamanxusa. NgesiGreki Isijobelelo -IR ngolimi Russian iba -ary, -ichesky: yokuhlanzeka, photogenic kanye nobuqhawe.

tiphawulo Omkhulu futhi enamandla

Uhlu tiphawulo of isiRashiya sibonga eliphezulu kakhulu izwi kumiswa ezingaba lokhu tenkhulumo.

Umsebenzi tiphawulo emshweni - noma yencazelo (Ufunda incwadi emnandi), noma ingxenye isilandiso kwakwakhe okuzisholo (mina nginguye manje lisebenza kakhulu). Esimweni sokuqala, sichasiso ibekwe phambi ibizo, owesibili - emva.

Umsebenzi futhi izwi-kumiswa ezingaba ingahlukaniswa tonkhe tichasiso. Uhlu liqukethe izinto ezintathu:

1. Quality - kuwuphawu ngqo ukuthi kungenziwa obuzwiwa izinzwa (obomvu, elikhulu, okunosawoti). tiphawulo okunjalo ziyahlukahluka amazinga ukuqhathanisa (emsindweni - the loudest), futhi kungenzeka ube nohlobo emifushane (ezibaluleke kakhulu). Uma kukhona isidingo ukuthuthukisa ukubaluleka kungaba liphindwe Isiphawulo: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isibhakabhaka blue. Kusukela tiphawulo qualitative yakha tandziso nesikhatsi emabito etintfo longeke watibona: amahle - enhle - ubuhle.
2. Isihlobo - ngibopha into echazwe nomunye into noma umqondo (aluminium - eyenziwe aluminium, a lokuthunga - senzelwe yokuthunga). Abanalo lamadigri ukuqhathanisa, noma ifomu, futhi awukwazi ukwakha nezandiso.
3. Sebuniyo - ukhombise sokusebenzisana ubani (okomuntu noma isilwane) - Umkhulu ugwayi, amahlumela emfantwini.

Ngezinye izikhathi ushintsho kusuka isihlobo esigabeni isiphawulo ngekhwalithi. Kulokhu, ekushintsheni nokusetha: foxtail - impungushe smile (okusho: zobuqili, amanga).

Isici esibaluleke yikhono tiphawulo Russian ukunqabela - ushintsho uhlobo, inombolo bese icala ngokuvumelana ukulawula Ibizo (isitini endlini - ngezitini odongeni - isitini amakholomu).

ulimi kaShakespeare

Kukhona ezinye izici, ngokungafani isiRashiya, akudingeki tichasiso ngesiNgisi. Zibhaleni phansi incane, kodwa okwanele.

Ngokuphambene Russian, tiphawulo English ezingeguquleke ngokuphelele. impungushe Red, izimbali ezibomvu, obomvu odongeni - zonke lezi imishwana igama elithi "okubomvu" ishiywa njengoba injalo, kungakhathaliseki inani kanye nohlobo ibizo.

tiphawulo kulomcimbi qualitative isihlobo ngolimi lwesiNgisi. Uhlu izici cishe iyafana ngesiRashiya, ngaphandle iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo - tiphawulo English ungenalo ifomu.

Njengoba i isiphawulo angaya ibe Ibizo abstract (ongaqondakali - into engaqondakali). Abagulayo (isiguli) ingena abagulayo (iziguli, iziguli) ngokungeza sihloko. Njengoba ngesiRashiya, isiphawulo IsiZulu njengoba definition ngeke sibandulele libito (indlu esingenalutho), kanye isilandiso - ukuphetha ke (Indlu alinalutho).

Izizathu yokuntuleka tichasiso sebuniyo ziye zadingidwa ngaphambili.

Goethe ulimi

kakhulu common isiNgisi nesiJalimane tiphawulo - uhlu izici kucishe. Nokho, kukhona umehluko ezinkulu munye, ngokuhlanganisa tiphawulo German ne-Russian, - ikhono ukuncika. Ein billiger Haus - «endlini ezishibhile" lisebuningini iba billige Häuser. Ukuphela ushintsho ubulili, inombolo bese uma Isiphawulo (guten Kindes - hle gane gutem Uhlobo - izinyane omuhle, guten Uhlobo - ingane ezinhle).

Kuye ngokuthi thina ukhuluma izinto ezithile noma okungahleliwe, tiphawulo kuthiwa ziyadlula ababuthakathaka (der gute Vater - lokhu kuyinto ubaba omuhle), eqinile (guter Vater - ubaba omuhle) noma exubile (ein guter Vater - abanye ubaba omuhle) uthayipha.

Ulimi uthando

Kuningi enibaziyo isiJalimane, tiphawulo isiFulentshi - a nohlu lokufanayo kwanele. Ziyashiyashiyana ngobulili (Il is Joli - kwaba enhle, elle Est Jolie - kade enhle) nezinombolo (Le livre intéressant - ncwadi ezithakazelisayo, les livres intéressants - izincwadi ezithakazelisayo), icala isiZulu akudingeki. Futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokumadanisa (Grand - Plus grand - Le plus grand).

Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo tichasiso French - ikhono ukushintsha value, kuncike ekutheni, ngaphambi noma ngemva zebizo bakuphi. Un Homme abanesibindi - indoda onesibindi, kuyilapho un Homme abanesibindi - Ungumuntu omuhle.

nokuzola ulimi

Uhlu tiphawulo e-Finnish likhulu kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba ngesiRashiya, tiphawulo uvumelana Ibizo ngesibalo futhi icala (bonke eFinland kusukela 14 kuya 16).

Ezinye tiphawulo musa ukushintsha amacala:

Eri - ezahlukene;

viime - zokugcina;

ensi - olandelayo;

Koko - a.

Isiphawulo Ungase futhi ume phambi amagama ngokuchaza: kaunis Talo - indlu enhle; futhi ngemva kwaso - Talo ku kaunis. - indlu Nice. Kukhona futhi lamadigri ukuqhathanisa (iloinen - l'kaJah; iloisempi - mnandi kakhulu, kumnandi kakhulu; iloisin - mnandi kakhulu, kumnandi).

Lokufanako nalokwehlukile

Ngakho, kuzo zonke izilimi tichasiso enze umsebenzi ekutholeni izinga into. Ukulumbanisa isihloko ngolimi oluhlukile has izici zayo siqu. Uhlu tiphawulo ngezilimi Finnish futhi Russian kuyoba kokubili izici jikelele kanye esigqamile. Kuyefana nasendleleni nezinye izilimi, naphezu budebuduze silulumagama neluhlelo lwabo lolimi.