Yini igama lesibili kaTroy?

Umlando yokuwa Troy, waphathwa ngendlela Odyssey kunganakekile, eyaziwa kithi kusukela lwezifundo - hhayi emlandweni wonke futhi kuzo izincwadi. Homer, omunye omdala zabuna amasampula, isitshela indaba impi, okwaphumela muzi onamandla labhujiswa, futhi izakhamuzi zakhona - bayabulawa noma enziwa izigqila. Enye igama Troy e zamaGreki - Ilion (yingakho eqinisweni, igama imisebenzi adumile: "Iliad").

Le nganekwane ngemvelaphi edolobheni

Ngokusho yetinsita edolobheni yasungulwa udaka - inkosi yokuqala iThrojani nge lozalo ukwazi: unina kwaba Nymph. Ngolunye usuku waya umdlalo futhi wawahlula, esikhundleni kokuthola inkomishi kanye izindondo ezincekwini amahlanu bobubili ubulili, kanye (kunalokho Akumangalisi) inkomo ngayinye. Egumbini wamtshela ukukwaka idolobha lapho isilwane uye ixazululwe - IL benza.

Ngokusho yetinsita ngesimo isibusiso onkulunkulu wetende lasebukhosini kwesibhakabhaka wawisa esifanekisweni lokhuni Athena. Kamuva Il badunyiswe lonkulunkulukazi wethempeli, futhi ithempeli yayikhona (siqala ngezikhathi) Sekungamakhulu eminyaka.

Izinganekwane nemibono yesayensi

Mangisho ukuthi isitatimende ukuthi igama lesibili of Troy - Ilion, ngokomongo yesayensi, aluzifuneli ezithile. Kusobala ukuthi lo muzi wawuyinhloko. Eveza ubufakazi balokhu, kanye izinganekwane ilandisa omakhelwane, futhi uhloniphe ukuthi sidla izizwe ezihlukahlukene lasendulo (namaPheresiya, isibonelo). Ngokusobala, lo muzi wawuyinhloko ezinamandla kakhulu futhi lichume, kodwa izazi-mlando namanje ukwabelana Ilium ka "Iliad" (ebhekisela endaweni Imininingwane izinganekwane nezindaba), futhi ngqo edolobheni kwakukhona ezikhathini zasendulo ngempela.

Ukuqhathanisa emithonjeni ehlukene, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi komnikazi lalibukeka cishe ku 3rd yeminyaka BC. Kuyacaca ukuthi idatha okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nendawo yayo ngqo, yokuphila nokunye. D. Manje uthole nzima (uma kungekhona ukuthi akwenzeki). Ikakhulukazi ukuthi ofakazi "udidekile mayelana wobufakazi, 'futhi unikeze kuphela ukudla eyengeziwe ngoba ukuvela imibono eyayisinesikhathi entsha.

imibono entsha

Kukhona, isibonelo, inguqulo owawuthi Ilion - elinye igama for emzini Troy, nenhloko-dolobha yalo (eqinisweni, ngoba Troy - lokhu nesimo). Eminye imithombo zithi Eqinisweni i-rock ungenakunqotshwa, sung by Homer, akalutho kodwa eConstantinople: ukuthi uMbusi uConstantine wanquma ukwakha "IRoma entsha" "esizeni Ilium lasendulo", okuyinto kubhekwa lapho kwazalelwa khona abasunguli Lomuzi Waphakade (ukukhumbula "Aeneid" Virgil). Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi igama yesimanje of Troy - Istanbul? Kuphakathi. Abalobi umbono iphindela phansi: kubonakala sengathi kamuva yaguquka, inhloko-dolobha yakhe uConstantine wasusa eminye kuya eByzantium lasendulo.

Eminye imithombo benza ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi, njengoba igama lesibili of Troy - Ilion, neJerusalema - Elia (Elia, Ilion) Capitolina, kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi lena ngenye futhi lelo dolobha, ngokuthi nje ke ehlukile kancane ngenxa ubunjalo izilimi zezigodi . Inguqulo wumumo kancane entsha, kodwa futhi unalo zabalandeli.

Ngakho okungenani ibe umqondo kumnandi ukuthi elinye igama of Troy - Atlantis. Lesi siphetho siye samenyezelwa ngasekuqaleni 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule futhi kusekelwe izici ezithile ezifuze sung Izinganekwane ezahlukene abantu namasiko. Nokho, izwe yesayensi akusho elihlekayo phezu lo mbono.

namaqiniso esayensi

Uma sibheka amaqiniso, okhulume ngaye amagama amabili kaTroy endaweni yokugcina zamakhosi umHeti lasendulo. Lokhu yomthombo ngempela zomlando ngokwesayensi. Kodwa ngokusho le mibhalo, kwaba akufani, futhi emizini emibili ehlukene. Kodwa futhi: yibobonke ngoba sasingekho futhi akukho. Ekugcineni, hhayi yokuthi amaHeti lasendulo kwakusho kahle ukuthi bafuna ukufunda nge-mlando zanamuhla.

Naphezu "ukudideka futhi yokushintshashintsha" emhlabeni zezemfundo, i-okuvame kakhulu inguqulo, othi:

• nezenzakalo ezichazwe encwadini umsebenzi lasendulo, eyenzeke;

• elinye igama for emzini Troy - Ilion;

• Laliqhele kahle lapho ezicijile Homer ( "i-Iliad" ngokuvamile umsebenzi enabile - eyodwa kuphela uhlu imikhumbi ngesiGreki kuwufanele).

Umthandi womculo wemivubukulo

Kukhona isizathu (futhi ukusiqondisisa) bakholelwa ukuthi inqaba ungenakunqotshwa, evele in inkondlo lasendulo, yatholakala ngo-1970 ngu-umvubukuli Heinrich Schliemann Umthandi womculo. Ingxenye ethile omphakathi ithambekele kuye ukuba udumise: abamesabi iziphathimandla, ngithi cha, uma kwenzeka futhi endaweni ezichazwe "Iliad" - hhayi ningi than enganekwaneni kanye imvume ukuze kumbiwe futhi namanje wathola iminonjana esivumelwaneni lasendulo ngasegqumeni Hissarlik, ensimini ka yoMbuso WaseTurkey (manje! - Turkey).

Special Ezemfundo Schliemann yayingenamhlabathi, kodwa wayesesendaweni fan okhuthele imbongi abayizimpumputhe. Ngenxa Kusihlwa Ukufundwa "The Iliad" enhliziyweni mfana ingane isencane olotshiwe igama UTroy: kungenjalo akunakwenzeka ukuchaza yokuthi engusomabhizinisi, ubaba wezingane ezintathu, indoda ayisekho abasha baya beyofuna edolobheni, lapho abambalwa okukholakala khona.

Biography of the umvubukuli amateur - iskripthi isilungele-movie Hollywood: ozalwa emndenini umpristi abampofu, endaweni esemajukujukwini ku komngcele wasePoland-isiJalimane, Schliemann wenza uthi ezimbalwa, wazibonela nginazo, kwaba eRussia, yashada owesifazane engathandwa ngubani wamyeka, gone ukufuna iphupho lakhe, futhi wahlangana sihawu lesisha: owesifazane osemusha ngesiGreki Sofia. Kwaba yakhe ekhanda enhle, iminwe kanye entanyeni ehlotshiswe kunemiqhele eziyigugu, imigexo namasongo ezitholakala ekumbeni. Bangaphezulu kuka-10 000 lezinto zegolide! It was cebo yangempela.

Igolide - into emnyama ...

Isiphetho ingcebo ambalwa anzima. Schliemann wanika uyathola (ingxenye noma yonke, uNkulunkulu uyazi) ku Berlin Museum, bakuphi ngokuphepha futhi wanyamalala ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kukhona imithombo abathi, nakuba kwatholakala igolide ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR eRussia, okusho ukuthi iminyuziyamu isimo (ikakhulukazi Hermitage) ethulwa izifundo owabona ukuchuma edolobheni, sung by the Homer okukhulu.

Schliemann waba nenhlanhla kakhulu: ukuthi ukunxanela kwayo ulwazi kuhlulekile. Nokho, manje is phansi ukugxekwa Inzima ekumbeni kwenziwe, sizothini indlela kancane ngesihluku. Endleleni eya ekutholeni eyigugu uthola Schliemann "acekela" bonke abayisikhombisa (!) Izingqimba Cultural impucuko yasendulo, cishe bengaboni, futhi musa behlakaniphe phansi "Kodwa uma inhliziyo yakho", futhi wayeka ezingeni penultimate. Musa ukusho noma yini, umsebenzi ngokuthi "kuhle".

abacwaningi yenkuthalo

Kamuva abavubukuli (hhayi nayizimfundamakhwela kanye ochwepheshe), wathola amaningi njengoba ayisishiyagalolunye izingqimba alternated leminyaka, umuzi wawa ku kwamazinyo Leli dolobha lake lachuma - futhi kwenkathi ngayinye zashiya izibazi ogwini -Aegean Sea.

Ekuqaleni ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi isiphetho cishe ke kwadingeka igama elihlukile: emzini Troy ngokwayo 3rd yeminyaka BC. e. Kukhona namanje bahluleka. Umsuka Culture ungqimba Kutholwe abavubukuli emelelwa isiphetho ububanzi nje engamakhulu amamitha. Okwesikhathi balo, ebiyelweyo kahle, isakhiwo kunalokho enamandla, elabhujiswa, okukholakala ukuthi umlilo.

Schliemann igodi ungqimba lalithé, futhi sihlehlela emuva enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC. Njengoba sazi ukuthi iThrojani neMpi, izazi-mlando zanamuhla uphola ekupheleni lesibili Kutholwe abanakukwazi homegrown umvubukuli zobuciko ezihlobana amaqhawe "Iliad", njengoba amadala zezenzakalo ezichazwe okungenani iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Kodwa "inombolo Troy ezimbili" ngempela abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi: lokhu, ngokuvumelana ososayensi, ikhombisa uhlamvu yembubhiso.

Ezalandela emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka, idolobha ngeke cishe abangekho wayevelele. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi noluncane ukuchuma, kodwa abuthole ubufakazi nokucekelwa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi "inani Troy kuhamba ngakuthathu, amane anamakhulu amahlanu," kwaba idolobha ncamashi elihle zabhuntsha Odysseus ngobuqili - ezihlobana ngayo isikhathi ukhona of Troy at inombolo eziyisithupha namakhulu ayisikhombisa futhi ngenxa yalokho, izenzakalo ezichazwe "Iliad."

Ukuvubukula kuye kwabonisa ukuthi Amanxiwa esigodlo elikhulu ebiyelweyo eyakhelwe ngalesi sikhathi, izindonga 4-5 amamitha obukhulu. Kusobala ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engu-1800-1025 BC. e. lasendulo Ilion (uma basakholelwa ukuthi leli kuyigama yesibili kwedolobha Troy) wanda futhi wallowed ngayo ngokunethezeka. Futhi ake izindonga Troy, inombolo 6 lingabulewe ngabantu, nokuzamazama komhlaba, izazi zanamuhla oyikholelwayo ukuthi impi, okwaphumela lenqaba omkhulu lwehlela, sibhekisela kule (1800-1250 GG.) Noma elilandelayo (1250-1025 GG.) Inkathi .

Romance futhi iqiniso elibuhlungu

Ngo isethulo esankondlo Imbangela yengozi wesifazane omuhle (futhi uma zibalwa njengoba ubulili buthaka, ngisho onkulunkulukazi, akusiyo eyodwa, kodwa amane). Ngokusho yetinsita yaseTroy isikhulu Paris le (okuyinto, kwabanye ukuqondana ongaziwa, wayebuye abe umalusi), babe Abakhe ezintathu enamandla Olympus: u-Aphrodite, Hera futhi Athena ngesicelo ukuhlonza amahle kakhulu kubo.

Le nsizwa ayikwazanga ukunquma, bese unkulunkulukazi baqala ukunikela kuye zonke izinhlobo zenkohlakalo ezinhle, ngokusobala, phezu kwesintu. Othile wathembisa amandla, umuntu - impumelelo kwezamabhizinisi wezempi, futhi unkulunkulukazi wothando, izithembiso athandwe omuhle kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane.

Ngu ukuqondana ngeshwa, "isifumbathiso" wayeshade inkosi Spartan, kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise hero. Abathunjwa ngomfazi Menelaus, ngubani, kusekelwa obambisene nabo, wasungula impi ngokumelene uyise Paris, eqamekela emzini Ilium (Troy igama lesibili).

abacwaningi Cynical banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi uthando umugqa - umbhedo: cishe, imbangela yokungezwani waqala imali nethonya esifundeni (like njalo). Ukuzibandakanya oqondile wonkulunkulu, futhi, hhayi ningi than eqanjiwe. Kodwa encazelweni ndawo, "Iliad" kanye ayehlela ukukwenza ekuphileni-komuzi kwaba olunembile kakhulu.

Umbuso umcabango

Mhlawumbe incazelo ilula: emva inombolo Troy 7 labhujiswa impi, ngemva 2.5 ekhulwini liqala futhi bahlale amaGreki - ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi Homer kweqiniso. Akuthathanga isikhathi eside, le amanxiwa edolobha lasendulo baye kuqhathaniswa "fresh". Umlobi we yeqhawe kwaba lula tie eqanjiwe ngokoqobo, njengoba umphumela "Ukungqubuzana impucuko" wayenaye, ungasho phambi kwamehlo. Nokho, empeleni, ngeke sazi.

Lena indaba - ingxenye yokudlala, izindawo zangempela - edolobheni, Echoes zazo ubukhulu ngasinda sibonga isiko brilliant lasendulo ngesiGreki. Kumelwe ngivume ukuthi ukube bekungengenxa umbhali izimpumputhe (kabani ubuqambi futhi ebekela), kungenzeka ukuthi kokubili igama sokuqala nesesibili Troy wake acwiliswe lwanyamalala (noma, okungenani, ukuthi uzoba nentshisekelo kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo ongoti) .

Ngenhlanhla, kwenzeka noma kunjalo. Umuzi omuhle kakhulu ukudalelwa yako edabukisayo linqobe izingqondo zabantu zihlala izinkulungwane zeminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Ngempela ngisho noma Troy ayikaze, ngokuqinisekile kufanele ziye yasungulwa.