What do iodine? Icubungula iodine ngemoto yemvelo

Ngesikhathi kukhulunywa iodine, iningi lethu uyakhumbula ibhodlela uhala encane. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo omama bethu kwase baphathwe imihuzuko kanye imihuzuko ngesikhathi esengumntwana. Futhi namhlanje ungathola iodine ezinjalo, intengo ikhemisi ezishibhile kuye.

abadala abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-iodine - lena trace intfo lebaluleke kakhulu. Kuthinta indlala yegilo futhi abahilelekile umzimba. Iodine-equkethe imithi ngabe abiza i-oda ezidlula ephakeme kunaleyo kusukela bubble ukwelapha amanxeba. What do iodine? Futhi kungani intengo ke ezahlukene ngakho?

Kuyini iodine?

Iodine - kuyinto amaminerali okungukuthi e compounds wezinto ezingaphili: amanzi, inhlabathi emva kwemvula ke kungatholakala emoyeni. Libuye zamanje ekudleni eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane imvelaphi. Ngakho, ke Kuyaziwa ukuthi eziningi iodine izimila zasolwandle kelp, nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle: inhlanzi, izimbaza, ezinamagobolondo.

Iodine naye ukudla okuvamile, zaziwa kahle kithi: amaqanda, inyama yenkomo, ubisi, ibhotela, iklabishi abavamile, nezinye nemifino, okusanhlamvu. Yonke inkinga itholakala lokuthi ukuthi akwanele kuzo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela cod kwesibindi (kunenkolelo yokuthi baningi iodine) iqukethe 800 mg amaminerali, futhi ukwanelisa imfuneko nsuku zonke, kubalulekile ukudla nsuku zonke 180 g kwalo mkhiqizo.

Uma sinquma ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu - brilliant green noma ufake i iodine, thina ungacabangi iodine kubaluleke kangakanani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Abadala kudingeka 150 micrograms iodine ngosuku, futhi ukhulelwe - 200 micrograms. Baby izinga 50 g, futhi isitshudeni - micrograms 120.

Enye inkinga ehlobene nokubukisa ukulethwa ketshezi emzimbeni womuntu, siwukubhujiswa yayo ngesikhathi yokupheka. Ngakho-ke, walahlekelwa ngu-50% we-ejenti nenzuzo ngesikhatsi ukupheka. A iphakethe of usawoti iodized inyanga sizoqukatha-50% kuphela izamba wamemezela.

ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo on nenhlabathi abampofu amaminerali ukuthi zizonciphisa lemali ku ukudla elihambisana.

Lapha ikhambi lenkinga kungenziwa ngokuthi imithi aqukethe iodine, intengo ekhemisi kubo, kodwa uvame ukuqhelelana umphakathi.

ukusetshenziswa Medical iodine

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka kithi, lokhu yezimbiwa kuqukethwe nengcosana kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu?

Its angu ngu-25 kuphela, kodwa ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu izinqubo umzimba. Ngakho, cishe ngo-15 mg iodine e indlala yegilo futhi iyingxenye ezakhiwe ke ama-hormone triiodothyronine kanti thyroxine. La ma-hormone banesibopho imisebenzi eminingi:

• nomphumela emnandi ukukhula nokuthuthuka umzimba wonkana;
• alawule amandla futhi ukushisa exchange;
• abathintekayo kulo namachibi carbohydrate, amafutha kanye amaprotheni;
• * kunonophisa luhlelo nokwahlukana cholesterol;
• ngaphandle kwabo ayenzi ukulawulwa umsebenzi inhliziyo;
• bona zivimbela inqubo igazi ekunqandeni kanye thrombus kumiswa;
• babalulekile kakhulu sokuthuthukisa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Labo abasele abanga-10 mg zitholakala Izitho zokuzala ezikhiqiza amaqanda (e abesifazane) futhi wendlala (e amadoda), izinso, isibindi, izinwele nezinzipho.

Ukungabi yalolu ketshezi emzimbeni wengane kungabangela ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa awo angokomzimba nangokwengqondo, futhi isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona itawuholela ubuthi ngokuthi "iodism" mhlawumbe ukuze yegilo ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini, isifo esibi okuthiwa "i-hyperthyroidism."

Ngekwetinhloso letehlukene umkhakha kwemithi ukhiqiza imithi ehlukile. Namuhla, i-izidakamizwa equkethe iodine kalula digestible, intengo iphezulu. Futhi lokhu ixhunyiwe hhayi kuphela imithi zobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza inqubo, kodwa futhi yokuthi yena iodine isizinda nezobuchwepheshe nzima futhi ngokwezimali ebizayo.

abaningi kakhulu unesithakazelo umbuzo olula ukuthi kungcono - Zelenka iodine ekwelapheni amanxeba fresh? Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iodine akugcini nje abatshele ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ukhunta futhi abhubhise ukutheleleka, lokhu ubhekana kahle Zelenka. It uzokhuthaza ngaphezulu ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo isilonda - kulesi simo, iodine akukhetha kakhulu.

ukusetshenziswa Industrial yezimbiwa

Iodine akukhona ukuthi kubaluleke kuphela ukuqinisekisa umjikelezo evamile ekuphileni, isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, kubalulekile ukwenziwa eliningi imikhiqizo.

Ngakho, nge ukubanjwa kweqhaza izinto wenze izithombe radiographic ekhiqizwa izithombe kunezelwa sihlobene kawoyela, iqhaza lakhe umkhiqizo ingilazi makukhanyiswe Izibani imiphumela ekhethekile, kubalulekile ukuthola ephezulu msulwa izinsimbi.

It is asathuthuka ohlangothini olusha ekukhiqizeni esikhipha amalambu, okubamba ababalulekile iodine. Ukusetshenziswa Its ngeke kakhulu ukunweba ukuphila inkonzo nezibani ezivamile incandescent nge ikhoyili tungsten.

Ngokwezibalo, 99% zigcine eyaziwayo iodine eJapane neChile, zinjalo abahlinzeki main emakethe emhlabeni. Ngakho, inkampani laseChile ukukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-720 iodine ngonyaka.

amakhono Russian ukukhiqizwa vumela bakhiqize bafike kumathani angu-200 amaminerali zokusetshenziswa for ngonyaka, okuyinto esingaphansi izidingo wezwe by izikhathi 6.

Isizinda iodine zasolwandle

It ingabaza isidingo ukukhiqizwa yezimboni yalesi material umsuka ekhulwini le-18. Ngisho nalapho, kwaphawuleka ukuthi nezitshalo zasolwandle babe wokuqukethwe lelisetulu lokhu amaminerali ezibalulekile. Ukukhiqizwa lokuqala tetimboni isizinda iodine zasolwandle. ERussia, isitshalo elinjalo eyakhelwe e eYekaterinburg (1915), wenza mineral kusukela filloflory (Black Sea ulwelwe).

Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa amaminerali zasolwandle okuluhlaza - iyona ndlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokuthola i-iodine ngezinga ezimbonini. Ukukhiqizwa ukwakha eduze nolwandle, enqubeni misela crystalline iodine ababeyenza ngomlotha izitshalo ulwandle omisiwe. Amabhizinisi ngobukhulu kuthiwa misela ngonyaka kuya kumathani 300 mineral crystalline.

Sea kelp chasiselwe imithombo eyinhloko yezimboni ukukhiqizwa iodine. Ubunjwe 0,8-0,16% iodine (endabeni ezomile).

Kwemihlambi amaminerali imfucuza saltpeter

Ukuba Wedwa iodine kusuka kumama Liquors ukukhiqizwa nitrate - eyodwa yezindlela zezimboni nengabizi. Lapha umbuzo kanjani, kulokho kwenza i-iodine, impendulo ilula - udoti.

Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa nitrate (Chile noma i-sodium) uhlala Liquors kumama kuya 4 g sodium iodide futhi iodate ngamunye 1 kg brine (kuyinto 0.4%). Indlela esetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200 emhlabeni wonke, inzuzo yayo esemqoka - kungcono ezishibhile.

Ukuthola i-iodine kusukela brines

Enye impendulo yombuzo othi zazo yokwenza iodine kuyinto isizinda amaminerali kusukela yemvelo impahla wezinto okuluhlaza - brines zemvelo.

Iqiniso ukuthi imishini kwemithombo namafutha ohambisana amanzi esiningi iodine Kuye kwatholakala ngezinye izikhathi okweqa 100 g ngalinye 1 ilitha, kodwa Lesi sici ajulile ngokuvamile akazidluli 40. wathola Potylitsyn AL (Usokhemisi waseRussia) ngonyaka 1882, kodwa ukuze kukhishwe amaminerali kusukela brines ayebiza futhi uneconomical.

ukukhiqizwa inzuzo kwaqala kuphela kwamaSoviet, ngemva kokusungulwa indlela carbon iodine ekuqongeleleni (1930). Yamalahle zinganqwabelana kuze kube 40 g ngalinye 1 kg iodine ngenyanga. Manje ingenye yezindlela eyinhloko isizinda crystal eluhlaza eRussia.

ion-exchange isizinda

Le nqubo ibizwa kabanzi e-Japan. Le ndlela entsha futhi esetshenziswa kuphela kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. asetshenziswa Kukhona ukuze kutholakale ongahluziwe eliphezulu yamangqamuzana isisindo ion exchange resin.

Nokho, alisetshenziswa Russia, ngoba abazi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ususe konke iodine kusukela izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ishiya isamba esikhulu imfucuza.

izindlela ezintsha V Ganyaeva

Muva nje, i Tyumen Amafutha kanye negesi University Uprofesa V Ganyaevym yasungulwa ubuchwepheshe eziyingqayizivele isizinda iodine kusuka lamanzi esiphethu. Ehlobo lika-2016 kube wadala uphiko oluyisipesheli, futhi namuhla uye ihlolwe ngempumelelo.

Ososayensi balinganisela, ubuchwepheshe obusha akuyona imvelo wezindlu kuphela, kodwa futhi kwezomnotho kunenzuzo lapha ungayisebenzisi chlorine compounds kanye sulfuric acid brines. Lapho isetshenziswa inani ekhiqizwa amaminerali lemali ebomvu 24 g ngalinye 1 ilitha ukugxilisa ingqondo.

Ngakho umbuzo wokuthi kulokho kwenza i-iodine, Ungase futhi siphendule lowo eRussia - kusuka lamanzi esiphethu. Nakuba ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa kakhulu iyashelela bamphelezele brines umkhiqizo kawoyela.

Indlela ukukhiqiza iodine wezokwelapha?

Yithina owaziwa isinqandakuvunda - utshwala amaphesenti 5 iodine isicelo uthola sincipha isibalo sawo. Bona kwathathelwa indawo izidakamizwa, lapho i-iodine isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne isitashi.

Uma sicabanga umbuzo ukuthi kunomehluko ekukhiqizeni iodine lobuchwepheshe kanye wezokwelapha, lapha kufanele sinake okulandelayo.

1. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa isikali zezimboni eluhlaza, ke ukukhiqiza mineral crystalline nge okuqukethwe okuthile iodine okumsulwa (in the Periodic Table).
2. Iodine yezokwelapha iba kwakwakhe ezinjalo ngemva zinhlayiya eluhlaza kanye nezinye izinto: amanzi, alcohols, ethers.

Lesi siphetho ekuqaleni zinhlayiya iodine zihlukaniswe wezokwelapha kanye lobuchwepheshe - isimo ubanika ngokuhamba kucutshungulwe.

Intengo iodine amalungiselelo Pharmacy akuxhomekile ingxenye eyinhloko, kanye izingxenye ezengeziwe okuzoxoxwa kufakwe imithi. eyaziwa ngokuthi kahle kithi kuphela bubble iodine isinqandakuvunda kanye notshwala, ngenkathi, isibonelo, izidakamizwa ekwelapheni i-hyperthyroidism kuyoba 2 oda ezidlula ezibizayo. Ziqukethe ezihlukahlukene ezinye izingxenye.