Hemolysis - Iyini? Hemolysis wegazi, hemolysis esinqunyiwe

Ukubhujiswa abomvu egazi ulwelwesi kanye excretion of-hemoglobin ku-plasma libizwa hemolysis. Le nqubo kwenzeka ngenxa isenzo into haemolysin ekhethekile (hemolysin). Izikhumba kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu angase aqale ukusingatha behluleka ngenxa ubuthi noma bakerialnyh ekhiqizwa amasosha omzimba. Okwamanje, odokotela baye baphawula eziningi izinhlobonhlobo le nqubo. Basuke oluthathwa kuncike indlela imfundo, kusukela iphuzu lapho ke isuka izimbangela ezingaba abakubangelayo.

Ukwazi ukuthi hemolysis - ukubhujiswa abomvu egazi, lapho i-hemoglobin ikhishwe kuzo, abaningi abaqondi, yingakho lokhu kungenzeka.

Izinto eziholela ukubhujiswa nolwelwesi erythrocyte

Ukuze kokubhekana nenqubo, kubalulekile ukuthola, yingakho ukubhujiswa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi zingaqala. Kuye indlela nesenzakalo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo hemolysis.

1. Yemvelo. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ngokuqhubekayo emzimbeni, uqala ekupheleni umjikelezo evamile ekuphileni ngayinye abomvu egazi, okuyinto angaphila cishe 100-130 izinsuku.

2. Chemical. Kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi bazokwethulelwa izinto ezingaba chaza ulwelwesi lipids. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene alikhali, alcohols, ethers, chloroform. Ngokwesibonelo, hemolysis uphinyiswa uma umuntu anobuthi umthamo enkulu acetic acid.

3. Biology. erythrocyte emgodleni uqale zilulaza ngenxa ukuchayeka hemolytic ubuthi, isib, ngenxa ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma izinyoka. Futhi, hemolysis yemvelo kwenzeka ngenxa ukumpontshelwa igazi engahambelani.

4. Izinga lokushisa. Lapho umnkantsha igazi erythrocyte ice zinhlayiya akhiwa. Ngemva incibilikiswa yayo besephula igobolondo.

5. Mechanical. Lapho shaking esibuthakathaka ngegazi noma nge ukudonsa yayo apharathasi okuyinto eyayenziwe asekelwe kwegazi, ezilimele erythrocyte.

6. osmotic. Uma corpuscles obomvu iwe ngoLwesithathu, lapho ingcindezi osmotic kuyoba ngaphansana egazini, bangase liqhume. Kuyinto impahla yabo isetshenziselwa sitholakele isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi noma isibindi izifo.

Izimbangela hemolysis

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini nalapho kuziwa abomvu egazi, kumelwe siqonde ngokugcwele eside ezifana hemolysis. Lokhu egazi ekubhujisweni igobolondo singenzeka intracellularly noma izitsha. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo hemolysis kubangelwa izifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa futhi ulwelwesi erythrocyte zingadilizwa ngemishini e izifundo laboratory.

Uma kuziwa hemolysis intravascular, igobolondo corpuscles obomvu esimweni zilimele enqubeni kwegazi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-zifo ezilandelayo:

- anaemia hemolytic kuhlanganise sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba;

- paroxysmal hemoglobinuria ebusuku;

- paroxysmal agglutinins abandayo isifo.

Futhi hemolysis vntutrisosudisty kungase kubonise ushevu ubuthi hemolytic.

Ukubhujiswa erythrocyte kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli womuntu esibindini, ubende noma umnkantsha. It is baphawula izinkinga zempilo ezifana microspherocytosis ngofuzo, anaemia sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba futhi thalassemia. Ukwazi ngezimbangela eziholela ukubhujiswa abomvu egazi ulwelwesi, kuba sobala ukuthi hemolysis - kuyingozi. Phela, lezi zinqubo intracellular zivame ukuhambisana kweNdikimba ubende kanye esibindini ngosayizi.

Izimpawu hemolysis

Uma umzimba womuntu waqala ukuba ngivule ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, bese uqaphela kubo kuphela lapho Yiqiniso acute lesi sifo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu nolokubhujiswa engalawuliwe erythrocyte yilezo: integuments yellowness noma pallor, ingcindezi encishisiwe, ishayela ngokushesha. Izibonakaliso futhi zihlanganisa izinzipho ziyaqothuka futhi izinwele.

Kodwa abaningi ukwenza ngisho kaningi engazi ukuthi banayo le hemolysis kwegazi. Kuyini zingafunda ngengozi, ube ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa nge Yiqiniso acute ngokuvamile aba isicanucanu, isiyezi, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka kanye ngisho imfiva.

Hemolysis kungabangela isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi, nakho kuyingozi ngoba kungasenza high blood amahlule noma kuholele cholelithiasis.

Ingabe sikhona isizathu sokukukholelwa netwetwe?

Kukhona amacala lapho iziguli bephoqeleka ukuba thatha futhi bamba futhi ukuhlolwa laboratory ngenxa yokuthi hemolysis iphutha. Abaningi sebeqala ukubheka izimpawu zezifo eziyingozi, izilonda enobuthi noma umane ubuthi. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka, ngoba kungenzeka ulwelwesi erythrocyte ubhujiswe ngenxa izici lokukhanda. Ngokwesibonelo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngokuvamile kungenzeka kabana inqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi e ngamapayipi ukuhlolwa, uma inaliti kakhulu mncane noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha odlulela igazi. Erythrocyte yayishaya odongeni tube aqhumile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-plasma kuba pink, futhi uwahlukanise endaweni Centrifuge kusuka kube nzima.

Ezimweni ezinjalo sithi kwakukhona hemolysis esinqunyiwe. Akusona isifo kodwa ngenxa yegazi okungafanele izibonelo zalokho isitoreji yayo, ezokuthutha noma ngemva kokuthinta. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuthembekile kudinga ingxenye ezahlukene igazi. Isiguli kuleli cala, ngaphambi ukuphinda i Assay belulekwa ukuba baphuze amanzi ahlanzekile.

hemolysis acute

Kodwa uma imbangela nokwahlukana amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - hhayi abahlengikazi ngephutha, sikhuluma inkinga engathí sina. Ngokuvamile hemolysis acute kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa igazi uma kukhona amaseli akuhambisani abomvu. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuholela ukusebenza umphelelisi uhlelo, coagulation nokuvikeleka humoral.

Kulula ukubona, ngoba kulesi simo hemolysis - lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, okuyinto unika isithombe esicacile emtholampilo. Uma isiguli lutho, ngeke esekhala ubuhlungu besifuba, iqolo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuyaluza, umuzwa imfiva, tachycardia. Ingcindezi kwadingeka ukuba kungancipha. Uma hemolysis waqala ngesikhathi ukusebenza eyenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa jikelele, izibonakaliso kungaba ukopha izilonda, futhi uma kukhona ipayipi urinary - kuzoba umchamo onombala obomvu noma omnyama.

zocwaningo laboratory

ukuhlolwa zithathwa ukuqinisekisa uphethwe. Uma hemolysis nesineke, thrombocytopenia ke imiphumela yegazi uyokwambulwa, hemoglobinemia, bilirubinemia, ukunciphisa umthamo we anticoagulant futhi fibrinolytic. Ngo umchamo, isiguli kuzodingeka amazinga anjalo aphakeme creatine kuzokwenzeka hemoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, kwehle inani umchamo uze ukungabi wako.

Lapho isiqinisekiso sokuthi amaseli weengazi angathikhiwe ayafa, ukwelashwa okufanele kufanele sinikezwe.

ukwelashwa

Misa hemolysis imithi yesimanje impela force. Uma kwabangelwa yokumpontshelwa igazi, izinyathelo zokwelapha kufanele okuhloswe ngazo ukumisa impi ukumnika kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ukumpontshelwa izixazululo ekhethekile olungavimba ukuthuthukiswa hypovolemia, hypoperfusion kwezinso. Futhi plasmapheresis ke eyenziwa okuyinto sihlose ukususwa afundwa-hemoglobin khulula egazini. Ngenxa yale njongo, ezimweni eziningi le injected ejenti "Heparin" ngemithambo yegazi nge infusomats. Kuyasiza ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo hemolysis oyingozi futhi izidakamizwa "Prednisolone". Zonke nokumiswa kwenziwa okusekelwe isimo lesiguli, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kudala waqala hemolysis. Lokhu kusiza odokotela anqume ekwelashweni amacebo, ngoba kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ubambe hemodialysis eziphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile, uma kwatholakala ukuthi isiguli ukwehluleka oyingozi kwezinso.

Imithi njengoba imbangela hemolysis

Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kunemithi noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo erythrocyte Ungase futhi izobhujiswa. Esebenzisa okubangela hemolysis wegazi, zihlanganisa amaqembu amaningana izidakamizwa.

1. Analgesics: "Amidopyrine", "aspirin", "Antipyrin".
2. Isisu: "Fonurit", "Diakarb".
3. Nitrofurans "furadonin", "Furazolin".
4. Sulfonamides "Sulfalen", "salazosulfapiridina", "salazopiridazina", "Sulfapiridazin".
5. izidakamizwa hypoglycemic, "Tolbutamide", "Hlorpropamid".
6. izidakamizwa elwa ne-TB, "Isoniazid", "PAS".
7. izidakamizwa olwa nomalaleveva, "quinine", "Akrikhin", "Primaquine."

Uma usebenzisa la ejenti kungabonakala nasemkhakheni hemolysis. Lokhu akubonisi izinkinga, lapho ebonakala njengempendulo ekwelapheni.