I enkulu ezempi kusukela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, okuyinto langena emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando ngaphansi kwegama "Verdun inyama grinder", kwaba umcimbi wokuqala obalulekile kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Le mpi yathatha indawo phakathi amabutho aseJalimane kanye French kwi Western Front ezinyangeni eziyishumi. Nokho, naphezu lenqwaba abalimala nhlangothi zombili, France uye wakwazi ukuvikela uzibuse. On the yinkundla yempi kwanqunywa njengoba kakhulu isiphetho ezweni kanye ubuqotho bayo indawo. isazi-mlando saseBrithani Alistair zamaHori wabhala mayelana le mpi kanje: "Akukaze ngaphambili, ayikho izinduna kanye strategist besingalindele ukunqoba ngokubamba ukopha ebulalayo. umbono enjalo kwakungatholakala kuphela ukwethula isimo ngesihluku kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho abaholi saphenduka ngokuphelele wabheka izimpilo zabantu njengawo kwezinye amayunithi. "
Isu-German I-1916
Ukunqoba eminyakeni eyedlule banikwa eJalimane kuyabiza. Ngaphakathi kuleli zwe, abantu kwakumelwe belamba, kodwa ibutho igcinwe ukuthunyelwa nezimpi. Izinsiza yayiba kanye nomkhandlu lempi likhombe izinkinga ezintathu ukuthi zingaxazululwa. Bona ukhathazekile izitha ezintathu enamandla kakhulu, i-Russia, iBrithani neFrance. Ukuze uthole giant European kwanqunywa ukuba ukusekela ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Ngaleso Alexander Gelfand ngokushesha wathola ruble 1 million. LaseSheshi linqume aphebeze le kokuvinjwa ngwenya ukuhlaselwa. Maqondana France, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthola indawo ethembisayo wohlu ukuthunyelwa amabutho futhi kwenze kube intuthuko. Okuningi okuqukethwe yile ngxenye itholwe ngesimo protrusion elincane eduze Verdun. Winning ukudlula evulekile enikeziwe kuwo Paris ecela umaluju okwalandela kwezinhloko zamaviyo French. ukuqhubeka isimo kulandela abanekhono - impi ka Verdun.
Ilungiselela impi
On the ingxenye obuphelele phambi 15 amakhilomitha ngakolunye uhlangothi Kunezigaba ezimbili amabutho French. Germany okufakiwe ngokumelene nabo eziyisithupha nengxenye ezigabeni zabo futhi cishe wonke amandla wezikhali. Ngakho ukufohla German yabalelwa ukunikeza eqhubekayo nokuhlasela okwalandela. Battle of Verdun waqala neqiniso lokuthi esibhakabhakeni yaxazululeka ngokuphelele kusukela izindiza French kuya ekuhlaseleni German ngokukhululekile futhi kalula kusiza. Okusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni yomkhankaso lunqunywe yezinkinga ehlelekile - nokudlanga wezasemoyeni. German spotters umlilo bénza konke okusemandleni abo. By the way, kufanele kusho ukuthi isigaba French "Nieuport" wakwazi ukuthi baphatheke ngokugcweleyo kundlela izimpi ngoMeyi. Ngakho ngaqala lapho ukuba impi ye Verdun.
Ukuqala impi eduze Verdun endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile
Njengoba kubonakala kahle ukuqeqeshwa, "Verdun inyama grinder" waba predetermined umyalo German ekuqaleni. Ekuseni, amaJalimane aqala wezikhali ukulungiselela, eyathatha amahora angu-8, ngemuva amabutho aseJalimane waqhubeka ecasula kwenye tigaba phambi - ngasemfuleni Meuse. Kodwa emithambekeni kwakungase elindelwe abanenkani ukumelana French. I amaJalimane ethuthuka elihamba Friend wempi lapho amaqembu athile aye amiswa a uqimba olulodwa. Ukuhambisa phambili scouts nokushaya lamabutho, kwagcizelela amabhomu throwers, izibhamu kanye flamethrower. Ngakho, "Verdun inyama grinder" ngosuku lokuqala kwaphawulwa kusengaphambili we amabutho aseJalimane ku amakhilomitha amabili ukuba ezingemuva umsebenzi French futhi isikhundla sabo sokuqala.
Februwari-Mashi 1916
The French besingalindele nethonya elinamandla ezinjalo. Kwaba ngemva kosuku lokuqala lwaqala ukuze uhambisane kuya Verdun ezengeziwe amayunithi lempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubala ekusekelweni England. Kodwa eNyakatho Albion nokunye alwa ubande uma ukhuluma naye, futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi ezisheshayo kosizo umbimbi. AmaJalimane akukashintshi amacebo ezinsukwini ezizayo kusukela ekuseni kwaze kwahlwa wasebenza wezikhali, ukucutshungulwa ndawo, futhi ebusuku kwathatha njengesosha elihamba phansi. Zonke izinqaba French kwalahleka emva kwezinsuku 4. Umyalo isiFulentshi, siqala belatedly, uye wathatha izinyathelo zokukhuthaza: izimoto waxosha nezinye izingxenye phambi amayunithi lempi inani ayizinkulungwane 190 amasosha kanye amathani wezimpahla 25. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlaselwa German samiswa nesilinganiso wezisebenzi (izikhathi 1.5). Verdun impi atholwe okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako.
Lake naroch Russian okuhlaselayo
Isikhundla kwezinhloko zamaviyo French wakhululeka echibini naroch Russian okuhlaselayo. Ngesicelo umlawuli French oyinhloko Joffre izinga Russian uthathé umdlalo. Ensimini ka yesimanje Belarus, Minsk esifundeni - azungeze Lake Naroch - kwezinsuku ezimbili baqhubeka amabhomu amabutho aseJalimane. Yini kwalandela wayichitha massed elihamba ukuhlaselwa ukuthi ngokulambisa izibambe amabutho aseJalimane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingxenye phambi zihanjiswe amabutho ezengeziwe, futhi zihlasela Russian ukuthi kwawona. Kodwa umphumela edingekayo etholakala - Verdun kuhlasela wayeka amasonto amabili, kanti French bakwazi ukunikeza "engemuva".
Le mpi yaqhubeka
The French bakwazi ukwakha "endleleni engcwele" okuhamba kuyo ukunikezela olunzulu amaviyo alo. Umsebenzi ngokucacile imisiwe. AmaJalimane zishintshile amaqhinga March kuhlasela zabo eziyinhloko siqondiswe ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni Meuse. Kodwa, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo amabutho aseJalimane, ngomhla ka-Meyi bakwazi kuthuthukiswe amakhilomitha 6 kuphela. Futhi, umlawuli omusha Robert Nivelle waqokwa ngo-May, lapho wazama ukuhlela okuhlaselayo, kodwa yonke imizamo ukuba baphinde babe Fort Duamon abangu offset amaJalimane ke ibutho French yasala dengwane ngokuphelele izikhundla zabo zangaphambili.
Brusilov okuhlambalazayo futhi isimo sokugcina ngesikhathi Verdun
Ngo-June 7, amaJalimane ahlasela Fort walithumba e, ukukhula 1 ikhilomitha ensimini isiFulentshi. I okuhlaselayo angase enwetshiwe, kodwa ehlobo lika-1916, amabutho Russian sengilungisile isimanga esingalindelekile for ibutho lamaJalimane umkhankaso wokuhlasela ezinkulu ngesikhathi Lutsk. Gcina kuhlasela kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, lonke ehlobo, amabutho aseJalimane kwasetshenziswa Eastern Front, kanye izenzo Verdun lincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani kuya umkhankaso entwasahlobo, amabutho Russian usuke unqobe impi yangempela futhi sahlala East Galicia kanye eBukovina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-operation ngokuthi "Brusilov ukufohla" kwaba uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele of action okuhlaselayo. amabutho aseJalimane abangu buthaka futhi baphoqwa ukuba uhambe phezu Front Western ezivikela. Ngo-October, amabutho French lasungula okuhlaselayo olusobala, ngenkathi ngo-December wabuyela isikhundla salo, elalisendlini ekuqaleni impi. "Verdun inyama grinder" iphelile.
Ezenye nokubaluleka Battle of Verdun
Ayikho nezinhlosongqangi Tactical, "Verdun inyama grinder" ngo-1916 akuzange ukuxazulula: amabutho French wathatha isikhundla sabo efanayo. Kodwa, uma ukubala ukulahlekelwa, Battle of Verdun uvelile wonke amathemba. Zombili izinhlangothi baye kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 million amasosha, ezingaba ngu 430.000 abulawa. Verdun ngo-1916 wavula inkathi izimpi ezinonya kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kodwa imiphumela kwakusekhona ngesikhathi Verdun iphahlazeka isu lobuciko yama-Jalimane. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lokho izazi-mlando sezempi uqaphele Ukuwohloka yaseJalimane impi ezingaba khona. Qaphela futhi ukuthi empini Verdun aqalwa esetshenziswa chemical amagobolondo, ukukhanya izibhamu, flamethrowers futhi amabhomu isibhamu. Futhi rearrangement yaqale ihlolwe amabutho ngomgwaqo ezokuthutha kubangelwa amaqembu lokushaya, it kwandisa kwabantu amabhomu, wasebenzisa lokushaya isinyathelo izindiza.