Uyini isixhumanisi isimiso sokwahlulela? Umqondo ukuphathwa enkantolo futhi enkantolo

I-Russian lwebulungisa linendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwazo zonke izikhungo wezwe ekhona kahle kwemandla embuso. Ngaphambi luphakamisa izinselele ezibalulekile ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo nezifiso izifundo. ezinkantolo abahlukahlukene Russian tinchabano tasemakhaya nemacala emacaleni obugebengu, ezinye ukwephulwa zokuphatha, ukuxazulula izingxabano phakathi izinhlangano. Ayikho igunya nezinye legatsha akanawo amandla anjalo.

izici Jikelele walesi sikhungo

Loluhlelo lolukhona njenganyalo manje amelwe i ukwakhiwa ngaphambilini lwemikhumbi. Sinenkosi imigomo abanayo kanye nezinhloso, kukhona ehlelekile futhi umsebenzi ezimisweni ezithile yeningi. Uhlelo zokwahlulela yakhiwe ngokuhambisana division zokuphatha-indawo futhi kazwelonke-isimo kuleli zwe. Ngokusho Art. 71 yezihloko ayikwazi ezinqumela zokuhlola ezasungulwa emizimbeni alinikezelwanga eMthethweni Federal. Akuvunyelwe ukusungula izindawo oda yenhlangano kanye nokusebenza izikhungo federal ezikhona ezindaweni zakhona.

isakhiwo

kukhona kokubili iziphathimandla yombuso kanye lesifunda isimiso sokwahlulela. Okokuqala wadala futhi uyekwa kuphela ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo noma umthetho. Ikhonza njengabameleli inkantolo ephakeme. Umthetho usungula inqubo esikhethekile ukuqedwa ejensi. Ngakho, le nqubo asikwazi ukwenziwa kuze kube nezindaba ezihlobene ngokuziphatha enkantolo, ngeke komunye ngesikhathi esifanayo. kukhona iziphathimandla federal:

1. COP.
2. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, izinkantolo obuphakeme izifundazwe, izindawo, amadolobha ukudla. amagugu, republic, izifunda, izifunda ezizimele / izifunda.
3. iziphathimandla ezikhethekile nezempi.
4. SAC, County kanye federal ukulamula umbango subjective, isikhungo adlulisiwe.

kukhona iziphathimandla zesifunda:

1. KS izifundo.
2. amakhotho kamarhastrata.

kuvikela

lwebulungisa namuhla ekhona wathatha ifomu kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 1997 ne ukwamukelwa koMthetho efanele. Isikhungo sizoqinisekisa:

1. Ukuzibusa ngaphandle, lo mphathi amagatsha zomthetho.
2. Ilungelo izakhamizi ukuba zibambe iqhaza kwebulungisa.
3. Ukuvikelwa ngempumelelo amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu isakhamuzi kumthethonkombiso evunyelwe ukuze.
4. Ukufinyelela Ubulungiswa zonke abadlali ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo.
5. Iziphathimandla Ukucutshungulwa amacala, zingabantu zamakhono kothile.
6. Ilungelo amalungu ukuba ihlole zonke izinqumo nemisho, okwakuthatha inkantolo kuqala.

Akuvunyelwe ukwamukelwa of izenzo zomthetho, okuzothathwa ukhansele noma encishisiwe ukuzimela zemizimba, kutimela izikhulu kukhawulwe Ukuvikelwa yomuntu isakhamuzi.

Umqondo zokwahlulela uhlelo ezingeni

emizimbeni eziningana angase abe amandla iyunifomu hlala isikhundla belingana isakhiwo. Lokhu iqoqo izikhungo yakha isixhumanisi isimiso sokwahlulela. emizimbeni ilungu alo sekhono efanayo. Baphinde babe isakhiwo esifanayo kanye nokusungulwa. Umqondo zokwahlulela uhlelo zezinga kufaneleka ukucabangela izibonelo eziqondile. ERussia, iziphathimandla komthetho kanye nezikhungo lempi ezakhiwe amazinga amathathu. Futhi kule lokuqala nasekugcwalisekeni yesibili esemqoka isixhumanisi lwebulungisa likhona. izikhungo Military - a iziphathimandla isikaniso. Uhlelo yomthetho jikelele - kuba izinkantolo wesifunda. Okulandelayo iyona element phakathi. Uhlelo komthetho kuyinto:

1. Ephakeme Tinkhantolo republic.
2. Iziphathimandla Yesifunda indawo.
3. Ezinkantolo Fed emadolobheni. amagugu.
4. Amachibi ezizimele izifunda / izindawo.

District (imikhumbi) ezinkantolo - maphakathi no-level amakhotho wamasotja. Izinga lesithathu kuwufanele Russian Armed Forces ngokuvamile emizimbeni yomthetho. It uba njengoba Collegium Military wesixhumanisi wesithathu amakhotho wamasotja.

ukulamula

Isixhumanisi eyinhloko lwebulungisa Kulokhu - Iziphathimandla wezwe zezikhonzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ilungu lokuqala Lesisemkhatsini. Ziyakwazi emizimbeni ukulamula umbango adlulisiwe. Eyesibili ilungu Lesisemkhatsini aphume ashone circumferential ezinkantolo (Ephakeme). Uphiko wokugcina iyona ibhodi izingxabano kwezomnotho Russian Armed Forces.

Isixhumanisi lwebulungisa: izinkantolo

Lezi zici imisebenzi ethize ezihlobene isinqumo amacala. imithwalo yabo zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwenza izinqumo on izinzuzo.
2. Ihlola kwemukeleka, semthethweni nobuqiniso langena noma cha sacala kusebenta isenzo.

izinkantolo District zinikezwe amandla okuthathela zinqumo kungezona lezo zinkinga, okuyizinto esiyinhloko endabeni ethile. Ngakho, ngokuhamba zobulelesi ngiyosimisa le ubumsulwa noma umuzwa wecala we yisakhamuzi. Kulo mBhalo ziqondiswe udaba isicelo noma okungezona isicelo yenhlawulo, setha ukuphoqelelwa isilinganiso esithile. Uma ucabangela zemibango, izixhumanisi kohlelo wamajaji Russian Federation inquma ukusebenziseka noma ukwehluleka ukufakazela amacala isimangalo. Futhi hlela imiphumela okufanele kuphakama. Ezimweni ebugebengu kanye of okokuqala kungase kube cishe zonke izinkantolo ngaphakathi amandla anikezwe kubo. Wenza okuhlukile kukhona izidumbu ukulamula umbango kwezifunda nezikhungo yesikhalazo. Lokhu okushiwo ERPs № 1.

Hlola Isixazululo

Trial iNkantolo Ephakeme, kanye isikhalazo, kuyinto ukuhlola ubuqiniso, semthethweni nobuqiniso izahlulelo, imisho kuhlanganise. Kulokhu, ukucabangela Kwenziwa sangena hhayi sacala kusebenta izenzo. Ngo isixhumanisi yesibili namajaji kungenzeka izinqumo inselele:

1. emizimbeni Regional ukuthi awuzange sacala kusebenta. Leli lungelo lihlelwe art. 320 GIC.
2. Regulations sisebenza, ngaphandle ilanga izenzo. Basuke uvunyelwe ukufaka isikhalazo ngaphansi art. 376 Ikhodi of Civil Inqubo e iNkantolo Ephakeme.

Isikhalazo (yomthetho jikelele)

Leli gunya kungenzeka noma ngabe yiliphi ilungu namajaji. Sikhalo sezinqumo kwenziwe ngenhla. Ngakho, izenzo izimantshi kubhekwe ezinkantolo zesifunda. Solutions lempi isikaniso bezifunda iziphathimandla ukuvusela:

• Armed Forces of the Republic.
• Boundary / enkantolo yesifunda.
• Isitho idolobha ukudla. amagugu.
• ezizimele enkantolo esifundeni / isifunda.
• Navy (district) igunya.

Judicial Division Armed Forces, zemibango, uthumele isinghonghoyilo ku izenzo yamukelwa Esigigabeni sokuqala:

1. Sun republic.
2. Wesifundazwe, izinkantolo indawo.
3. Iziphathimandla eMoscow Petersburg.
4. IziNkantolo Eziphakeme ezizimele izifunda / izindawo.

Ibhodi Izikhalo kwelanga Russia odluliselwe ngezikhalo Sun. Isinqumo baphikisana kufanele inikelwe phansi okokuqala. I yokudlulisela amacala umzimba iNkantolo Yedolobha YaseMoscow ezwa lawo macala asuke izenzo yamukelwa ke ezimweni ezihlobene ukuvikelwa eduze / i-copyright.

Izici yokucabangela

izinkantolo amacala angase ngokugcwele noma kancane ukucabanga kabusha icala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umthetho, it kwenziwe uphenyo bonke ubufakazi noma ukuhanjiswa. Umphumela wokubuyekezwa enjalo kungaba ukunqunywa izixazululo entsha (impikiswano civil) noma umusho (e icala lobugebengu).

abaqondisi

Belapho lesibili kanye isixhumanisi wesithathu isimiso sokwahlulela. Izinkantolo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni ukusetshenziswa cishe kwayo yonke izinqumo zokwahlulela Ufake futhi ungazange sacala kusebenta. Ngokuhambisana Art. 377 GIC isikhalazo asimeme wathumela:

• Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye lesifunda / zesifunda, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Afrika, ezizimele esifundeni / ndawo.
• Ibhodi le-Sun (e zemibango).
• Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye Navy (district) enkantolo.
• Ibhodi ilalela amacala lapho Russian izindiza zempi.

igunya District

It uba isixhumanisi lokuqala isimiso sokwahlulela. emizimbeni okunjalo akhiwa esifundeni ngasinye, idolobha, kungenzeka izikhungo kamasipala kanye inter-zesifunda elakhiwe ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Kulezi izinkantolo kubhekwe iningi labantu izimo kuleli zwe. Lezi abaluthole awafaki ukukhiqizwa (ebugebengu kanye), afakwe engaphansi kwe nezinye izindikimba komthetho (international kanye ukulamula umbango). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eyenziwe izenzo tikhungo tetifundza Ungabuyekeza amayunithi okwesibili nokwesithathu uhlelo Russian zokwahlulela. Ukusungulwa nokusebenza izidumbu kunqunywa eceleni ezithathwe umthetho kahulumeni. Kuyefana nasendleleni ukuqedwa izikhungo.

izinhlangano zoMhlaba

Zimelela ezingeni aphansi ohlelo. Basuke ngendlela lula ezibhekwa amacala obugebengu, tekuphatsa kanye civil kodwa kube kuwubala. Isici esiphawulekayo kutinkhantolo tabomantji wukuthi afakiwe isigaba, eholwa Russian amabutho ahlomile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abawona sikahulumeni. Ziyakwazi iziphathimandla kubhekwe ezindaweni zezwe. Injongo izwe umahluleli eyenziwa ummeleli we isakhiwo esifundeni noma ukhetha labantu esifundeni okuhambisanayo. Ubude besikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni - I-eThemini ezingekho ngaphezu 5 iminyaka, for the next - okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. AmaJaji amacala Ukuthula zwa kuphela.

izikhungo wezempi

Amakhotho la nemizimba yomthetho jikelele. IziNyathelo kwenziwe isiGungu emizimbeni federal lapho inkonzo yezempi ukhule. Kumiswa imikhumbi ithatha indawo isimiso sendawo ngokuhambisana esikhundleni dislocation izingxenye, kuhlanganise phesheya. izikhungo Military ukubhekana namacala obugebengu aphula ama-nokuvikeleka isimo, umphakathi kanye ngabanye. Ziklanyelwe ukuba isivikelo:

1. izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezinye, izakhamuzi zabo izithakazelo adicilelwe ngokuhamba imisebenzi ukulondolozwa ukuphepha.
2. I-oda yomthethosisekelo wezwe.

Amandla Russian ahlomile

INkantolo Ephakeme of the Russian Federation, nomzimba komthetho. Yena usebenza igunya Russian. Yezefundo Inikeza izincazelo ku ezintweni ezithile, unelungelo zithuthukiswe ngokuhambisana izenzo umthetho kwanoma yimuphi emizimbeni ongaphansi yomthetho jikelele nganoma iyiphi izimo. Ngesikhathi COP kanye EAC has a isinyathelo zomthetho. Izinqumo ezathathwa iGceke Russian Federation Supreme isikhalazo / umbhikisho akukwazi.

Sun amandla

INkantolo Ephakeme unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa:

1. Wacabangela zemibango nezokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukulungiswa ngokuyinhloko eyenziwa ngalezo zimpikiswano kanye namacala ukuthi zihlobene imizimba ukuphathwa komthetho, ngaphandle kwalezo okuyizinto kwekhono le COP. Ukucutshungulwa wenziwa okokuqala.
2. Engamele imisebenzi ethile jikelele, kuhlanganise ezikhethekile nezempi.
3. Phenya futhi kuvame umkhuba zokwahlulela, ukuze afeze ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo.

Endabeni excitation we State Duma ukukhiqizwa ekususweni uMongameli esikhundleni, iLanga inika isiphetho mayelana nokuba khona izenzo zakhe kube ubugebengu. Ngenxa komthethosisekelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme kungenziwa kuphela ezaqedwa by ukuchibiyela uMthetho Basic. Oqokiwe lamaphoyisa e-Armed Forces eyenziwa SF ngumengameli.

Ngokucacile of ukusebenza

imisebenzi yeKambiso ikakhulu kwenziwe ilanga ibhodi lokwahlulela amacala obugebengu noma amademeshe. Ukwakheka yabo kunqunywa ngesinqumo sesiKhulu Plenum boPhezukonke ngesiphakamiso kusihlalo. Of okokuqala kubhekwe ukuthi ngamanye noma ewonke (okungenani 3 amajaji). Izinqumo nezahlulelo kungenziwa isikhalo. izenzo Eliyinselele sacula phambi ibhodi isikhalazo. Zikhuluma imibhikisho kanye nezikhalo ungazange sacala kusebenta izinqumo izigungu zendawo kanye efanayo. Isikhalazo ibhodi ugunyaza amacala obugebengu nawamademeshe njengoba inkantolo Ngokwesibonelo okufunwayo sesibili izenzo ezingahambisani ngempumelelo futhi wenza omunye 3 amabhodi kwelanga okokuqala.

KaHulumeni

Kuyinto umzimba collegial. Ubunjwe Abahluleli 13. imihlangano KaHulumeni aphethwe okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Babebheka kunjalo ngendlela kweso izimo elisanda kutholakala noma ezintsha, amathuluzi okucwaninga futhi nje okungaqondile practice, ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo. enekhono kufaka ukukhishwa ku inhlangano amabhodi, kanye neNkantolo zedivayisi Ephakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilanga kusiza imizimba okhonzile e isicelo lesifanele komthetho.

plenum

Luhlanganisa zonke abahluleli Sun. Kukhona zibe yikhulu. IKhonvokheshini we plenum kwenziwe okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni 4. Imihlangano abathintekayo:

• Attorney General.
• UNgqongqotjhe wezobuLungiswa.
• Kasihlalo yemizimba okhonzile.
• Ongoti nososayensi.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Plenum we abameli Ukucabangela okucwaninga futhi nje okungaqondile kwezibalo zokwahlulela nemikhuba, imifanekiso yezimbali Attorney General kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezobulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezikhulu eziphezulu yezinkantolo ukunikeza ukucaciswa ezindabeni komthetho.

COP Russia

INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo uba igunya lokuphatha It autonomously futhi ngokuzimela usebenza. INkantolo yasungulwa ngo-1991. Inhloso Its main ukhonza lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela oda ngokoMthethosisekelo, nokuthola ubulungiswa nenkululeko yomuntu isakhamuzi, ukuqinisekisa umphumela oqondile futhi setulu kweMtsetfosisekelo kulo lonke leli zwe. INkantolo uyahlola ukuthi izimfuneko zoMthetho Basic:

• FZ, SF izenzo zokulawula, umongameli, uhulumeni, uMbuso Duma kwezihloko RF kwemukelwe yomthetho ngokuhlanganyela.
• Izivumelwano esiphethwe emizimbeni wombuso amandla izakhiwo yesifunda.
• izivumelwano International angayazi sacala kusebenta.

INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo kuxazululwa izingxabano ku sekhono phakathi zikahulumeni kanye zesifunda, izikhalazo mayelana ukwephulwa inkululeko zomthethosisekelo kanye amalungelo ezakhamizi. Ngesicelo ezinye iziphathimandla kufanele babale umthetho isicelo endabeni ethile. Le Nkantolo ebese enikeza incazelo komthethosisekelo, esiphethweni mayelana nokuhambisana oda isethulo kaMongameli lapho emangalelwa ukuvukela umbuso noma ukwenza omunye felony. Authority inelungelo ukuqalisa umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza izinto ngaphansi kwalokho enekhono lakho.

Izici isikhalazo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo

INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo kungakwenza isikhalazo, sicelosikhalo noma isicelo. Ilungelo banxuse iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo kufanele zonke izakhamuzi zaseRussia, abantu ngaphandle yisakhamuzi futhi zomthetho izinhlangano, okuyinto zithi izithakazelo zabo ezifanele yibhange ngoMthetho Basic eshaywe noma cha ivikelwe isimemezelo yokugcina locale kusebenta uhulumeni ejensi noma olusemthethweni. Suit singasebenzisa Izilawuli, kanye ukubhaliswa iqembu non-ezisemthethweni. Ukucutshungulwa kwezicelo Kwenziwa ngochwepheshe yomnyango COP likanobhala. Ngemva kwalokho wathumela usihlalo enkantolo noma iphini lakhe.