Labantu Afghan. Afghanistan Population: ukwakheka yobuhlanga nokuchichima

Afghanistan - ezweni sekusaziwa yithi, ngeshwa, lempi ibika. Engapheli elwa wobushiqela imibuso okolofashistskie, nciphisa ephelele emnothweni - zonke lezi izici ezaba nomthelela sabantu Afghan.

Kwenzenjani nge kuleli zwe manje?

Afghanistan indlela eya ukuzimela

Umlando Afghanistan waqala endulo. Okokuqala ngabantu abahlala kula mazwe, okukhulunywe uHerodotus ubabiza paktienami. Isazi-mlando yena akakaze ukuyokhulekela kulezi zindawo futhi ayewazi Afghan lasendulo emilonyeni abanye kuphela. Paktienov uHerodotus echazwe njengo namaqaba, begqoke isilwane izikhumba. Enye inkomba ezisemqoka ama-Afghan sithola emibhalweni yaminyaka Chinese.

Ekhulwini XI, laba bantu benzile echazwe mlando Arab Abu Nasr Muhammad. Wathi Afghan bahlala eziqongweni zezintaba futhi kuphuce abahambi odlulayo. Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezinhle izincazelo, laba bantu ngokushesha baba "ophucukile" isiko. Ukwamukelwa sokugcina Islam kungokwalabo ekhulwini XIII.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo Afghanistan sika samanje unqotshwe amaMongol.

Ekhulwini XVIII ezweni kakade wayesenezinsuku ingxenye eMbusweni WasePheresiya. Afghan ephakanyiswe nokuvukela eziningana futhi bakwazi ukwakha ubukhulu ezimele ezimbili.

isimo Okokuqala Afghan baba uMbuso Durrani, eyasungulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Ngokushesha, Afghanistan isibe enkundleni emzabalazweni phakathi Russian WaseBrithani. Isizathu salokho kwaba isikhundla evumayo ezindawo yezwe. Ngo-1919 eBrithani waphoqeleka ukuba aqaphele kutimela isimo.

yesimanjemanje

Ngo-1973 kwamakhosi salandelwa Icebo lika uhlelo republic ezinhlanu ezalandela inguquko, okwaphumela uMongameli Daoud wabulawa. AmaKhomanisi athatha izintambo. Uhulumeni omusha ngokushesha baqala isinyathelo olukhulu. ukwenqatshwa ezikhethekile emasikweni okubangelwa inkolo.

Izwe laqala yombango. ESoviet Union wathumela amasosha ukuba Afghanistan ukusiza wazisingatha mujahideen, okuyinto uxhaswe yi-United States, China kanye nakulamanye emave. Ukuqhubeka ukumelana ophoqelelwe eSoviet Union ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo.

Eminyakeni 90 ukuba bathole amandla Taliban ukunyakaza, owathi ngokwabo ukuba onilwelayo izithakazelo Pashtuns (ngakho bazibiza Afghan). IBhodi yaleli qembu ngekhanda labantu Afghanistan njengoba inkathi nokungabekezelelani unya.

Ngemva September 11, 2001, izwe ayecashe bin Laden. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ayehlasela US. Ngemva kokuwa the Taliban umbuso kwakhiwa isimo yesimanje - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.

Kulwiwa usaqhubeka.

Afghanistan Population: Uhlolojikelele

Sesikubonile, umlando waleli zwe Kwakungelula. Zonke komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba ukhuluma Afghanistan abajabulanga neze, elinabantu kwakhiwa phakathi nezimpi eqhubekayo.

Ubani kulelizwe ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene labantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-30. labantu Afghanistan sika kahle emadolobheni. Izakhamuzi bakha 80%. Ukwazi ukufunda nokuloba kuyisisekelo ongaphakeme. Ukwazi ukufunda 45% abesilisa kanye% 15 kuphela abesifazane.

Afghanistan uhlala ezweni ampofu namuhla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Yilowo nalowo muntu wesifazane sizala ngokwesilinganiso izingane 6, ukufa kwezinsana likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ubude bempilo ingeqi iminyaka engu-45.

Pashtuns

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Afghanistan kungekho homogeneity ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu abantu - Pashtuns. Iningi labantu lokhu ubuzwe ohlala eNdiya, njengoba e-Afghanistan, bakuphi ehola isizwe, siphile% 30 kuphela inombolo ephelele yabantu. Khuluma Pashto ulimi elingelakwaJuda iqembu Iranian.

On ubuso Pashtuns yesimanje kubonakala umlando Afghanistan lasendulo. Ngubani phakathi kwabo kuba division enamandla kakhulu ku isisekelo zamaKhosi.

Lawula yokuziphatha emphakathini Pashtunwali Ikhodi. Imithetho indikimba yabadala bakulelo bandla kodwa ivame ukuphikisana Sharia. Ngokwesibonelo, Islamic umthetho kuthi ukuqinisekisa Iqiniso ushintsho oludingekayo ofakazi ezine, futhi imithetho Pashtun wedwa amahemuhemu ngokwanele. Owesifazane ilungelo lokudla ifa impahla, nakuba Sharia wafaka inxenye yempahla somshado. umthetho Islamic unqabela uDlamini igazi, futhi Pashtunwali mayelana isidingo yayo ukhuluma ngokuqondile.

Laba bantu abanamathela US Islam. Taliban wasebenzisa inguqulo yayo emikhulu.

Tajiks

Tajiks bakha u-30% (ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene) abantu abasebenza e-Afghanistan. Labantu kunzima ukubala ngenxa yezimo zendawo mass kufuduka phakathi nempi.

Tajiks, Pashtuns iyahluka kwenye ngokuyinhloko ukuzibophezela egatsheni Shiite Islam. I umsebenzi bendabuko kulesi sizwe - ezolimo. Umndeni igcina izinsalela izigaba tribal lasendulo. indlela Ngokwesiko wezinzalamizi zokuphila.

Uzbeks

Futhi ingxenye enkulu izizwe abakhuluma isi-Turkish Afghanistan. Uhlu iholwa Uzbeks. I umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu Uzbeks - ezolimo.

Ezindaweni yokuhlala compact izikhungo ezisungulwe zemfundo lapho inqubo yokufunda senzeka ngolimi kazwelonke.

Sisonke Pashtuns futhi Tajiks, Uzbeks ziyingxenye ye-Iranian isikhala esisodwa kwamasiko.

nezinye izizwe

Afghanistan elinezindawo ezinye izizwe. ingxenye enkulu izizwe Turkic.

Lihlala 3 million Hazaras. Lokhu abantu Iranian Iranian futhi-Mongolian imvelaphi. Ziyakwazi Muslim Shiite.

Sunnis kukhona Pasha'i - abantu ezincane (zikhona mayelana 100 ayizinkulungwane). I umsebenzi yendabuko laba bantu - ezolimo.

Esikhathini ntshonalanga aimaq abantu baphile - iqembu izizwe, lulwimi ayimizulane. Zihlala ukusetshenziswa kancane wezolimo endaweni. Bahlala ngezithukuthuku izinkomo.

Turkmens abahlala emaphandleni, kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka Turkmenistan. Ngoba impilo Afghan Turkmens abahola zizalela imfuyo ukhaphethi ukwelukwa.

Nuristanis - iqembu elincane izizwe, okuyinto isikhathi eside walondoloza enkolweni yobuqaba. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kufanele kucatshangelwe isimo sengqondo maqondana nabo kwaba uzwela kwenchubokuphatsa wendawo. Kowezi-2000 ekuseni Nuristanis ithole esifundazweni yabo siqu - Nuristan.

Lapha siye ohlwini akuzona zonke izizwe Afghanistan. Umphakathi siqukethe Pamirs, Brahui, gurjar, Zulu, Afshar nabanye.

Inkolo nomphakathi

Isikhundla Islam livikeleke Afghan uMthethosisekelo. Labantu e iningi abathi Islam. Iningi lazo ukwabelana umuzwa US Islam, 15% amakholwa Muslim - the Shiites.

UbuKristu Afghanistan abathi abantu bezinye izizwe. Ukuze izakhamuzi zezwe yokuguqula Islam elinesijeziso sokufa.

Iningi amaNdiya wabaleka wemka Afghanistan ngoba Taliban bayoshushiswa. AmaHindu baphoqeleka ukugqoka armbands ekhethekile ezikhonjwe kubo njengoba non-amaSulumane. Abesifazane baphoqeleka ukuba agqoke burqa.

Leli zwe umphakathi Sikh, Bach. abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana wayekwenza izinkolelo zendabuko, kodwa inani labo Kancani kancani ngincipha.

izilimi

Izilimi olwenziwa wamaphepha - Pashto futhi Dari.

Pashto - kuyinto ulimi kazwelonke we Pashtuns, ngubani ongowakhe iqembu Iranian. Dari - yilona limi Afghan Tajiks.

eziningi kwezinkolo ezincane ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. KuFundZa nobundiminingi kuyinto evamile emphakathini Afghan.

Isimo abesifazane

Ngezindlela eziningi, inhlalakahle umphakathi kunqunywa isikhundla sabesifazane ke. Imizamo yokuqala benziwa ukuthambisa umthetho ekhulwini XIX. Impumelelo Ukukhululwa kwabesifazane okwenzeka phakathi nokubusa lamaKhomanisi bese khona amasosha aseSoviet.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside akuhlalanga. Impatho enonya yangenza edume kunazo Taliban umbuso. Abesifazane ayenqatshelwe ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuba sihambisana isihlobo besilisa. Ngaphandle kwesihenqo kokuvela endaweni yomphakathi kwakuyingozi. Girls nokufinyelela okunqunyelwe lemfundo. Abesifazane Afghanistan akakwazanga ukuthola umsebenzi manje, wawa ngakho ngokuphelele ku ukuncika amadoda.

ukunakekelwa Medical yayitholakala yokuthi owesifazane aphathe udokotela female kuphela. Kodwa la mantombazane akuvumelekile ukusebenza. Ukufa ebeletha sekuvame.

New Afghanistan ngemuva kokuwa the Taliban waqala endleleni ukuxegiswa. Isivuliwe ukufinyelela emfundweni kanye nomsebenzi. Kodwa zonke akuyona kamnandi.
Abesifazane ku Afghanistan lingama abafundile. Bavame azinalo omazisi. 97% abesifazane alazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu inzalo, 20% uhlushwa kusilela esisindo.

isimo somnotho

Afghanistan uphakathi amazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Emazweni asathuthuka kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba uhlukanise: ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekela wayeka ne empini.

Umkhakha kuyinto ongakasetshenzwa ngokuphelele. Ngesisekelo umnotho - zokulima ezivamile. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1980, uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan isibe umphakeli enkulu opium poppy emhlabeni. Yokudayisa izidakamizwa akha ngaphezu kwesigamu imali kazwelonke.

Yokutakula zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi - kuyindaba isikhathi.

Inkinga zobuphekula

Kusukela 2003, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba neyaziwayo Taliban njengoba inhlangano yamaphekula. Njengoba ehluleka ukuyilawula yase iningi Afghanistan, Taliban wayifeza izenzo zokusabisa sabantu.

Ngokuvamile izisulu zingabantu intsha nezingane. Ngo-2007, amaphekula abulala umfana. Wabekwa icala ekutadisheni olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini.

Migration kusukela e-Afghanistan

Kuyaphawuleka kwehle labantu kuleli zwe ngenxa yezimpi. It kunciphise isibalo sabantu kuleli zwe, hhayi kuphela ngenxa lenqwaba izisulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba kusukela e-Afghanistan.

Isifiso esikhulu sababaleki Afghan - ukuthola nokuthula, okuyinto ezweni lakubo, abakwazi ukuthola. Ngeshwa, kwamanye amazwe, ababaleki ngokuvamile bazithola esimweni olungenakuzisiza futhi kuncike ukubandlulula ngezizathu zobuzwe nezenkolo.