Russia kanjani esemdala na? Russia kanjani ubudala lapho?

AmaRashiya uhlala ezweni lapho kungekho izimpendulo ezicacile ocacile wokuba ngisho nemibuzo elula. Ukusho ukuthi mingaki iminyaka eRussia, udinga isinoma omunye ongakhetha eziningi noma ubuze imibuzo eminingi ye ukucaciseleka. Emhlabeni akukho elinye izwe ukuthi izikhathi ezimbalwa emlandweni walo waqala kusuka ekuqaleni, inqatshelwe ngokuphelele esidlule yakhe, khona-ke futhi emuva uyoqala ezintweni eziyisisekelo. Ukuze Russia, ejwayele ukuba izwe abasha elinomlando eyinkulungwane.

Kukhethwa ireferensi iphuzu

Ngemizamo mlando esaziwayo of esidlule, NM Karamzin - nombhali amavolumu 12 "Umlando we State Russian", SM Solovyov, owabhala: "The History of Russia kusukela endulo", vơ Kliuchevskoi nabanye abaningi, kanye ngaphezulu lwamuva nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa ososayensi yesimanje ezikhonjwe amaphuzu amaningana lapho ungakwazi ukubala inkambo yomlando Russian. Ngokuvamile lokhu imingcele omkhulu okhona phakathi nezinhlangano zomphakathi nezinye ukufana kancane kakhulu ngamunye. Kulesi ekuqondeni ezomlando Russian njengoba lechubekako ehlala njalo iminyaka eyinkulungwane kubonakala zemvelo.

Ukukhetha umsuka ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ezweni lethu, kusukela nezinkolelo zefilosofi noma ngemibono. isikali yayo for ukulinganisa isikhathi zomlando, impendulo yakho yombuzo iminyaka emingaki Russia babe waseNtshonalanga futhi Slavophile, emthethweni futhi progressives, e lamaKhomanisi futhi ovulekile, njll Kunengqondo izimpendulo eziningana eneminyaka engaba ngu-isimo sethu, futhi ngamunye kuyotholakala abasekeli okuqina nabaphikisi ngokulinganayo oshisayo.

prehistory

Iminonjana wokuqala womuntu nezakudala atholakala eRussia, eCaucasus kanye Kuban. Paleoanthropologists ukunquma kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni abasensimini yethu le hominid yokuqala engu-2 million edlule. bakheké ngokuphelele zinhlobo Sapiens Homo uvele sakithi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 45 edlule. Ngenhlanhla, abafisa ukuthoma ukubala ungubani Russian kusukela AmaNeanderthal ezimhlophe onamehlo aluhlaza okwamanje.

Kodwa i ukubukeka on engxenyeni YaseYurophu ERussia namuhla ahlukene izizwe Slavic (azungeze V leminyaka BC) abanye bakholelwa kuyafaneleka bona ekuqaleni komlando Russian. Phakathi kwalezi izinhlangano tribal anamagama olusankondlo :. Slovenia, Krivichi, Meria, Chud, nabanye - ozama ukhethe okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, emhlabeni lapho isithombe amandla esizayo, ikhange ikakhulukazi ungwaqa enegama besizwe Russia noma Rus.

Abanye bathi kufanele zibe Russian imfundo yenengi mayelana inani elifanayo iminyaka amadolobha Russian kusukela kakhulu lasendulo: Novgorod baba esihlalweni Rurik, besele Elikhulu.

Noma kunjalo, iphuzu lokuqala okunomqondo inkomba izovela kamuva.

Ishayela amaViking (ngonyaka 882) - 1134

Kuyinto sikhathi isitembu kubhekwa lamabandla okuqala kakhulu ucishe impendulo efanele umbuzo iminyaka emingaki kukhona Russia. Ngokusho zemihla lasendulo, Slavic eziningana, aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Finno-Ugric ukulethwa lithumela abameleli babo isizwe abangophakimpi yamaViking ukwaba nezinhlu yayo umbusi, uyakwazi ehola union yezizwana ibe isimo esisodwa. Umuntu onjalo kwaba edume Varangian isikhulu Rurik - umsunguli lwamakhosi kuqala ukubusa eRussia.

Abamlandela baye enamathela ezintweni zakhe, etholakala emhlabeni Novgorod futhi endaweni Upper noMfula iVolga, ensimini ka-South lwamaSlav, nenhloko-dolobha yalo eKiev. Kukholakala ukuthi le yaphela lapho kumiswa i-Old umbuso wokuqala Russian. Kwathi ngonyaka 882.

Esivelele yale mfundo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha wokubusa Vladimira Svyatoslavicha, lapho kwanqunywa-Orthodox (988) futhi Yaroslava Mudrogo, ngubani zamisa imithetho yezwe yokuqala - Iqiniso Russian (1016). Russia baba izimpawu bayanda isimo enobunye.

Kodwa ngenxa yemibango kwesikhulu, lezi zibonakaliso nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi iRussia lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye eziningana, bese baphelelwa uzibuse futhi waba yisisulu Golden zidlamlilo.

Tsar u-Ivan IV the Emibi (1547) - iminyaka 469

Lapho Ivan Grozny wathatha isihloko King of All Russia, kwaba sobala ukuthi kumephu jikelele, isimo esisha isiRashiya, nge isikhungo esisha - eMoscow. Kuyinto ehluke kakhulu emfundweni odlule ngobukhulu, ngokuvumelana ezempi wezombangazwe, amandla kanye nethonya ngamazwe phezu Monolithic elawula uhlelo. Igama elithi "Russia" lalisetshenziselwa kaningi ngokuba igama lezwe.

Lokhu kwabe sekulandela esinye futhi Inkinga wekuba sive, wazwakalisa usizi ngesikhathi Isikhathi Tinhlupheko elandelayo ukulahlekelwa pheze ephelele ukuzimela, kulokhu esivuna Poland. imvuselelo okusha Russia lwaqala nokubusa Romanov lwamakhosi (1613) futhi laqedwa ngenkathi Petra Velikogo.

Empire Russian (1721) - iminyaka 295

Ngemva kokuphela Omkhulu Northern neMpi uPeter Omkhulu wathatha phezu isihloko uMbusi lokuqala eRussia kanye noyise lawobaba. Ikhasi elisha emlandweni Russia, isimo esisha yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni. Isikhathi selokhu kwanikezelwa ke - kungenye impendulo yombuzo othi abantu ngezinsalela zeminyaka eminingi kanjani ezweni Russia. Kuyinto igama elisemthethweni kwadingeka umbuso omkhulu.

Umlando autocracy Russian iphelile ngo-February 1917, ngemva kwalokho kwavela njengoba izinyanga ngaphambi ifomu okungakaze kubonwe uhulumeni - republic ePhalamende. Wazama ukwenza eyandulela esisemthethweni Russia yesimanje: lesihlelekile kwamaBolshevik ekuthatheni izintambo kwaba wesihlahla, kodwa incane kakhulu wayebukeka emthunzini ekuthuthukiseni eSoviet Union.

Kunohlobo olusha isimo eU.SSR (1922) - '94

ICommunist Party of lokuqala ngokucijile siqhele uqobo kusukela esikhathini esidlule, angacabangi minyaka eminingi kangaka eRussia, bememezela likahulumeni waseSoviet kuze kube manje kumiswa ezingabonwayo. Nokho, lokhu akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa kwezombusazwe abazinze ayibhekayo emlandweni waleli zwe izibonelo idolo ubuqhawe abantu, okwakuyinto evamile e ukufunwa cishe wonke umlando Soviet.

Futhi phakathi inqubomgomo Russian samanje abaningi kulabo ukubona eU.SSR ifomu esiphelele isimo, ukukho impumelelo yakhe nokubona imbangela eyinhloko nciphisa yayo yangaphandle namaqhinga okubi.

Russian Federation (1991) - engu-25

Russia kanjani esemdala na? isimo Russian Namuhla, uma kumnandi ukuzizwa ngaphandle umlando esidlule, kuyoba esikalini isikhathi ingane osemusha sidonse esidlule ezolile okuthembekile, ekukhanyeni esizayo lesichubekako, nenkululeko ekhazimulayo, lo mbuso omkhulu. Into esemqoka - ukuba aphule.