Nokwahlulelwa kanye nendawo yezinkantolo inkantolo ukulamula umbango

Inqubo ukulamula umbango, ezifana, ngokukhethekile, civil, kusho ukusungulwa nokwahlulelwa kanye nendawo ethile ye izingxabano ezihlukahlukene. enikeziwe kuphela ikhambi elifanele Kulokhu inkinga kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile isikhungo sokwahlulela kokufaneleka. Yiziphi nenqubo main sokunquma nokwahlulelwa kanye nendawo ethile ngokukhethekile ukulamula umbango? Kwezinye izimo, ukusungulwa yabo kungathinta isikhundla amaqembu engxabanweni?

Uyini ngokucacile of ethile ukulamula umbango?

Amandla, endaweni ethile ye-Tribunal arbitral enganyelwe izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Igama elithi likhuluma okokuqala umahluko ophakathi kwala umthetho zamakhono COP RF Ukulamula kanye jikelele yomthetho ejensi. Okungukuthi, omunye, inkantolo ingakhipha cabanga kuphela labo izinto ezingaphansi komthetho ngesisekelo umthetho okhona. Ngokuphathelene ukulamula umbango, ikhono lakhe kukhawulwe ngokuyinhloko ngokucabangela izingxabano kwezomnotho phakathi amabhizinisi.

Ngakho, umbandela oyinhloko endaweni ethile ye izimo ukuba umbango - nohlobo lobudlelwane. Kulokhu sikhuluma izingxabano kwezomnotho. Kunenye umbandela kubalulekile endaweni ethile ye-izinkantolo arbitral - kuncike ubudlelwane kwengoma. Cabanga imininingwane yayo eqondile.

Ukwakheka ezifana nokuthatha isifundo njengamaphuzu umbandela yomthetho zomthetho: umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho wokuPhathwa Arbitrazh Procedure Code, makahlulele izingxabano kwezohwebo, lapho kungenzeka izihloko ezilandelayo abathintekayo:

- izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye osomabhizinisi ngamanye;

- ezimweni ezibekwe ngumthetho - abantu ngokomzimba ezingabhaliswanga njengoba PI;

- ohulumeni, kanye nezikhungo, akudingeki isimo esemthethweni.

Sikhishwe nohlobo lobudlelwane, kanye nenqubomgomo ukulamula umbango kubhekwe, Ngakho-ke, kungaba ukuxazulula izingxabano kwezomnotho emkhakheni:

- ubudlelwane civil;

- ubudlelwane zokuphatha.

Nokwahlulelwa kanye nendawo yezinkantolo amacala ezinkantolo umbango angase ke zingena ngaphansi ethile ye-zokuphatha umthetho. Kule ndawo ukulamula umbango zomthetho kufanele banelungelo cabangela izimo ehilela:

- nge izenzo inselele zokulawula ezephula amalungelo nezithakazelo inhlangano kwezomnotho;

- inselele izenzo ezingekho normative iziphathimandla;

- emacaleni zokuphatha, uma bacabangela ungaphakathi kwekhono le isikhungo arbitral.

Kunezindlela eziningana umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama agcwele endaweni ethile ye amacala ku ubudlelwano izinhlelo zomthetho ezifanele.

Indawo amacala ukulamula umbango: ezicashile

Ngakho, empeleni umuntu Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo izingxabano kukhona ngaphakathi endaweni ethile ezikhungo ezithintekile (endaweni ethile ye-Tribunal arbitral kusebenza) ukuthi, ixhunyaniswe esiyinselele izinqumo kanye nezinqumo neziphathimandla zokulawula ehlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungabuye inselele izenzo zomthetho esikhishwe kwezikhulu ngazinye. Phakathi kwezinye izimpikiswano, isinqumo okuyinto e kwekhono ukulamula umbango:

- ucabanga kwecala;

- Ziphikisana ekusungulweni lokusebaleni, kuhlela kabusha nokuqedwa izinkampani;

- Izingxabano mayelana nokubhaliswa labasemkhatsini nalabakhulu;

- izingxabano phakathi abanikazi kwamatayitela nezinhlangano ibhizinisi;

- izindaba eziphathelene Ukuvikelwa yedumela lakhe ibhizinisi manje.

Yiqiniso, ngokuhambisana nomthetho Russian ezingase ziphakame neminye imibandela engaphansi amacala (izinhlobo nobugebengu) kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango. Kwezinye izimo, le sikhungo bangasebenzisa vumela ibhekwa njengevela izingxabano yenkampani. Kodwa kulokhu ziyabhekelelwa:

- ubunjalo kanye okushiwo isihloko ingxabano kwezomthetho amaqembu;

- izici ibhizinisi yomsebenzi wezomnotho;

- ifike ubudlelwane zomthetho emkhatsini lamacele impikiswano;

- izici of ifomu esemthethweni ibhizinisi.

Akukhona isikhalazo into engavamile izinhlangano ibhizinisi ukulamula umbango ku ukuxazulula ingxabano ezihlobene ze-non-ukusebenza izivumelwano izibopho ikontraga amafemu.

Ngakho, amakghono core umbango - Ukubuyekeza:

- tinchabano tenhlalakahle - kohlaka ubudlelwane zomthetho, okuyinto kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko kwezinkambiso Code Civil;

- izimo ezihlobene imisebenzi yezomnotho kwezohwebo noma ezinye (yezingxabano zingaveli ukusebenza kwezinhlangano izinkontileka, ukuqaliswa ukuthengisela, uthumele isinxephezelo yezimpahla namasevisi).

Asayinde ingxabano endaweni ethile ukulamula umbango, ngokuvamile kuba nzima izakhamuzi bhalisiwe njengoba osomabhizinisi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi, izinhlangano yebhizinisi. Kwezinye izimo amaqembu impikiswano angase abe iziphathimandla nomasipala. Nge iqhaza amathuba Arbitrage futhi ekuxazululweni kwezingxabano emkhakheni ubudlelwane zokuphatha, uma ikhona, ikakhulukazi kwezomnotho ngokwemvelo.

Amandla - ibalulekile ngokucabangela icala by kwesihlalo sokwahlulela arbitral. Kuphela ezimweni lapho umbango onezici ezithile, lokho kubhekwa njengokuzijabulisa isikhungo ukulamula umbango.

Endaweni yokuqala is kunakwe ubunjalo ubudlelwano obusemthethweni, kulesi simo-ke kufanele kube kwezomnotho. Uma lokhu akunjalo, le ndaba bese kungenzeka idluliselwe kwekhono le yinkantolo yomthetho jikelele.

Inani futhi ngesimo esingokomthetho amaqembu ingxabano. Uma bengekho izinhlangano kwezohwebo, kunjalo kungabuye subordinated enkantolo yomthetho jikelele. Yiqiniso, umthetho Russian ingasungula okuhlukile kulezi imithetho.

Kanye ethile indima ebalulekile ekuxazululweni kwezomnotho udlala endaweni ethile ye-Tribunal arbitral. Cabanga imininingwane yayo eqondile.

Uyini ngokucacile yomthetho inqubo ukulamula umbango

Indawo ikundla arbitral - inqubo bokunikeza endabeni ethile ukuze kwekhono izikhungo ezithile, ngesisekelo izici zaso ezihlukahlukene. Amandla enqubeni ukulamula umbango libhekwa ku izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

- ejwayelekile;

- indawo.

Cabanga ngabantu abamelelwa yizo.

yomthetho patrimonial

IsiZulu amacala yomthetho izitsha ukulamula umbango kuhilela delineation zamakhono Ukubuyekezwa kwe ezithile phakathi nezikhungo, emazingeni ahlukene uhlelo enkantolo.

Ngakho, ngokuhambisana nemithetho kwaletinchabano CAP RF at okokuqala zicatshangelwa izinkantolo ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation. kunqunywa Ngokufanayo, isibonelo, nendawo ethile ye-Arbitration Court of eMoscow, eSt Petersburg. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ivolumu abalulekile amacala ungaphakathi kwekhono Armed Forces (ngo-2014 wathuthela enekhono we Russian Federation eniyenzayo ngenxa izinguquko zokwahlulela), okungukuthi:

- imibuzo ebeka inselele iziqondiso, lisayindwe nguMengameli we-Russia, ekhishwe uhulumeni, izinhlangano federal, uma i-NPA ezifanele ezithinta amalungelo nezithakazelo inhlangano kwezomnotho;

- imibuzo ngezenzo eziyinselele-non-normative zomthetho ekhishwe uhulumeni, izingxabano kwezomnotho phakathi iziphathimandla yombuso kanye zesifunda, by izikhonzi RF.

Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi buyini ethile indawo kwezinkantolo ukulamula umbango.

yomthetho indawo

Leli gama oluhambisana sebuningini imithetho ukulamula-zenqubo asungula nenqubo yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo kwekhono kulabo noma ezinye izikhungo ezisebusweni elifanayo uhlelo enkantolo. Lokho kunqunywa ethile ye amacala ezinkantolo umbango yezihloko RF ethize. Bonke babe ngesimo esingokomthetho efanayo. Indawo YaseMoscow Arbitration Court kunqunywa ngesisekelo nenqubo efanayo, ngesisekelo okuyinto zamakhono efanayo amiswa maqondana nezikhungo ukuthi bafeze imisebenzi kunoma iyiphi enye esifundeni Russia.

Izinhlobo yomthetho indawo

Ngokuhambisana APC RF yomthetho indawo libhekwa ku izinhlobo eziningana:

- jikelele;

- enye;

- izivumelwano;

- kuphelela.

Masitadishe izimfanelo ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Jikelele yomthetho indawo

Imithetho sokunquma umbono ezibhekwa yomthetho indawo, indlela ehlosiwe ukulamula umbango othi indawo yokuba babhalisile noma yokuhlala ummangalelwa. Noma ngokuhambisana imibhalo ephambili we esemthethweni, uma oyingxenye ingxabano. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, endaweni ethile ye amacala ezinkantolo umbango uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye yezihloko ubudlelwane lomthetho isakhamuzi kungase kusekelwe indawo ummangalelwa eliyinhloko yokuhlala.

Alternative yomthetho

Umthetho, ekutholeni uhlobo ezifanele indawo, kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka yokukhetha isikhungo ethize, ucabangela impikiswano, ummangali ngqo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma akazi kahle endaweni incorporation noma ohlala kulo, isenzo kungenzeka okuhloswe ngaso indawo emthethweni impahla yakhe.

Uma eqinisweni abamangalelwa eziningana, isicelo kule umlandu usiwa ukulamula umbango endaweni yokuba babhalisile noma yokuhlala phi of them. Uma ummangalelwa phesheya, okunye yomthetho sendawo izinkantolo arbitral kusikisela isiqondiso isimangalo kweSikole esikhundleni indawo impahla amaqembu.

Endabeni ka ukungavumelani isihloko - ekukhishweni yesivumelwano, isicelo zingahanjiswa ku ukulamula umbango endaweni ekukhishweni yesivumelwano. Uma ingxenye impikiswano - inhlangano kwegatsha, okuyinto etholakala ngaphandle esikhundleni ukubhalisa umuntu ngokomthetho, isenzo angase alethwe inkantolo obhekene kokubukeza izindaba zensimu abafanele.

yomthetho prorogated

yomthetho izivumelwano kwesihlalo sokwahlulela arbitral kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ekushintsheni nenqubo esichaziwe izindawo indawo noma okunye ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano leyo ngxabano. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sivumelwano yathinteka phambi ukulamula umbango kuyinto athathe isinyathelo ngokumelene ukukhiqizwa.

yomthetho okukhethekile

Olunye uhlobo indawo - an okukhethekile. Luhilela kokucubungula uma inkantolo ukulamula umbango.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma isihloko impikiswano - ingcebo, ummangali ungafaka isicelo enkantolo endaweni sokubhalisa sesakhiwo. Ukunqunywa inkantolo arbitral (yomthetho) uma esibaweni - izinto ngesimo imikhumbi, izimoto emoyeni, emkhathini izinto, eyenziwa ngesisekelo ukubhalisa isimo esikhundleni izinto elihambisana.

Uma isihloko isimangalo - ukungavumelani on inkontileka ekalishi ke uyahamba ukulamula umbango endaweni sokubhalisa esiphathiswa. Nangabe sikhalo kuku enkantolo wenziwa ucabanga, ukumenyezelwa kumele ithunyelwe inkantolo endaweni kokubhaliswa okweletayo. Uma kuziwa liqine amaqiniso ahilelekile, umthetho wendawo ethile yenkantolo ukulamula umbango kwenzinye izingxabano kulokhu uzimisele ngesisekelo domicile noma lokuhlala esivela kumfakisicelo noma, uma isihloko impikiswano - impahla endaweni indawo yokwakha.

Uma isikhalo ukulamula umbango wenziwa ukuze inselelo izenzo isevisi umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo, isicelo kufanele zithunyelwe kulesakhiwo indawo omele ejensi, okwakwenza isinqumo impikiswano noma lokufeza emthethweni, ngokusho ummangali, isenzo.

Uma amaqembu impikiswano - amafemu Russian okuyinto ukwenza ibhizinisi kwelinye izwe, imithetho engaphansi ikundla arbitral ehilela ukugcwalisa itleyimu ukulamula umbango endaweni sokubhalisa eRussia.

Uma sikhuluma inselele isinqumo esikhishwe inkantolo engavuni arbitral kanye Ukukhishwa imiBhalo ngokubulawa mayelana naleli cala, ukuyisa udaba enkantolo sigcwalisiwe ngoba ukulamula umbango esifundeni, indawo yakwa-okuyinto ayebhekwa ingxabano.

Uma kuziwa nokuhambisa isicelo ku ekukhishweni izinqumo kwamakhotho angaphandle, idokhumenti okuhambisanayo ithunyelwa indawo yokuba babhalisile noma yokuhlala okweletayo noma indawo impahla.

Ngakho, sabuka izinhlobo ezinkulu engaphansi amacala ezinkantolo ukulamula umbango. Manje, ake sicabangele ezimbalwa ezicashile agcwele umsebenzi ezikhungweni ukulamula ekuxazululeni izinkinga phakathi ikhono lakhe. Ngakho, kuyoba usizo uma sihlola indlela yomthetho likalwa ezingeni okuphathelene nalokho.

Amandla kanye nezindaba ezihambisana

Isimo lapho kunendingeko ikhambi komsebenzi, kungenzeka, uma, isibonelo, ihlinzekwa njengengxenye ingxabano le counterclaim. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubonakala ngaphansi komthetho, kufanele baphathwe ukulamula umbango efanayo isitatimende sokuqala. Uma icala sigcwalisiwe wesithathu, ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho wokuPhathwa Arbitrazh Procedure Code, kufanele iqondiswe ngokunembile esigodlweni, okuyinto kucatshangwa ngempikiswano ethile.

Amandla e-Wezindaba ukudluliswa

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo inqubo ukulamula umbango - ukudluliswa engaphansi icala. A ikundla kucatshangwa ngempikiswano ikakhulu ingase, Ngakho-ke, ukuba umthume kwesinye isikhungo kulezi zimo ezinikezwe ngumthetho. Kunoma ikuphi ukuthi yenziwe kokuqhubeka ukulamula umbango kumele wafunda on izinzuzo, ngisho ikhumbula kungenzeka ukudluliswa wakhe kwenye inkantolo. ukuhanjiswa impikiswano nge ukulamula umbango yomunye nomunye, ngubani naye ezingeni elifanayo, wenziwa uma:

- iqembu ummangalelwa, bafaka motion ubheke ingxabano ukulamula umbango endaweni yokuhlala noma ukubhaliswa, uma ayaziwa kusengaphambili;

- zombili sokungezwani ethunyelwe ukulamula umbango Abamangali kokucubungula ingxabano kundawo ubufakazi main;

- kwathi inkantolo wasiphakamisa icala nge ukwephula imithetho sokunquma ethile ye izinkantolo ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation;

- omunye amaqembu kohlaka impikiswano - ukulamula umbango, okothi bahlole udaba ngokwakhona, esekelwe nenqubo wokusungula komthetho;

- lwenteke ukuhoxiswa lamajaji noma kunezinye izizathu ezibangela ukuntuleka ithuba ukwakheka Arbitral Tribunal ukuze acutshungulwe yengxabano ethile.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukudluliswa izimo komunye umbango kuya komunye, inkantolo izokwenza isinqumo ezifanele. Ngokomthetho nesenzakalo engamukeleki kwenzinye izingxabano phakathi ejensi ezifanele endaweni ethile ye amacala.

isifinyezo

Ngakho, siye safunda le okushiwo ethile yomthetho inqubo ukulamula umbango. Igama elithi lokuqala oluhambisana nesigcino nenqubo okuyinto ukusungula ukuthi udaba ngalunye kufanele sibonwe kohlaka inqubo ukulamula umbango. Le mpikiswano main, isinqumo okuyinto e kwekhono izinkantolo arbitral - kwezomnotho.

Uma kwenzeka jikelele amaqembu enqubeni ukulamula umbango kukhona ukulibona kwezentengiselwano. Kodwa kulezo zimo ezibekwe ngumthetho kungenzeka izakhamuzi, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Uma impikiswano ethile Kumiswa, kubalulekile ukucacisa komthetho. Lezi imibono, Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi esahlukweni emongweni ofanayo. It is kudingeka, ngakho-ke, sokunquma enegunya, bese usetha nenqubo bokunikeza izimo endaweni ethile ye-isikhungo esithile arbitral.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu engaphansi amacala ezinkantolo umbango - yezizwana indawo (okuyinto yena, kungenziwa labizwa ngoba izigaba ezimbalwa ezengeziwe). Esimweni sokuqala ukusatshalaliswa ukulamula umbango zamakhono ezenziwe kulokho izinkantolo ongaqhuba emazingeni ezimbili - esifundeni nakuzwelonke. Ukuze uthole ingxabano ingafakwa, isibonelo, nendawo ethile ye-Moscow Arbitration Court noma ezinye, nesebenzela njengoba isikhungo arbitral we Russian Federation. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, nezigaba ezithile izingxabano kungenziwa kuphela kubhekwe iNkantolo Ephakeme.

yomthetho Wendawo ingasungulwa, banikezwe inani elikhulu criteria ezifana, isibonelo, khona isivumelwano emkhatsini lamacele imithetho okuthile komthetho sicindezela abahlanganyeli ukulamula inqubo ukunquma yomthetho esekelwe criteria letsite. Ithuba kwenza ukudluliselwa komunye isikhungo komunye umbango ezimweni eshiwo umthetho.

Kukhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama agcwele ukuzimisela yomthetho kohlaka izingxabano, okuyinto avele esiphikisayo izimangalo noma izitatimende ezivela besithathu. Imibuzo kufanele ungacabangi yomthetho izingxabano phakathi Ukulamula ezahlukene mayelana nokucutshungulwa ezindabeni ezithile. Umthombo oyinhloko umthetho, okuyinto amakhotho adingakala ukuzulazula emva kokuvumelana ukukhulumisana okunjalo, - the Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Ikhodi Uphinde futhi nezindaba engaphansi izimo ezinkantolo ukulamula umbango.