Ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu komhlaba: izimo. ukusetshenziswa Esiphakade bezwe

Ngo-March 1, 2015 bonke ekhona izinhlobo amalungelo omhlaba, kuhlanganise isikhathi angenamkhawulo, kuye kwenziwa izinguquko. Innovations uye wathinta imithetho iziza, wamaphepha kanye nezinye izingqinamba. Esesizokuhlola yini ukuze usebenzise ezweni namuhla.

Uhlolojikelele

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwakukhona kuphela impahla isimo emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo okwazi ukuhlinzeka kwesabelo ezinhlanganweni nesibalo sabantu. Ilungelo ukusetshenziswa unomphela ezweni zase zihleliwe kweMtsetfosisekelo USSR. Ilungiselelwe ngokuyinhloko amapulazi collective. Ayikho into okuthiwa ukusetshenziswa unomphela angenamkhawulo kwesiqinti izwe wethule ngo-February 1990 e HCC. Ngo-1991 kwathiwa kabusha ezilotshwe ikhodi. Ukuvela lo mqondo ubephelezelwa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezombusazwe. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona udweshu phakathi bezinguquko eliholwa Yeltsin ukuma nabalandeli simiso esidala. Nge yokugcina kahle isidingo futhi kwesiphetho izinguquko emkhakheni kwempahla isimo. Kule ndaba, bazama ukudala indawo lapho azimele ngabe sikhathalele izakhiwo kuphela ngaphandle ukudluliswa nalithatha izwe ngabo. Endabeni yezinguquko reverse ukuthi kungaba isisekelo sokuthi kubuyelwe imithetho pre-ekhona.

Isimo ngaphambi isingeniso amangqamuzana amasha granule

ukusetshenziswa unomphela angenamkhawulo izwe kubhekwa iziphathimandla njengendlela iminonjana wayekhona impela isikhathi eside isimiso samaSoviet. Lo mqondo kwenziwa imizamo eminingana ukuwakhipha kusuka weNarha. Ngokuhambisana Ikhodi Land of 1991 kungase ilungelo ukusetshenziswa esiphakade komhlaba kwenziwe kutholakale kuphela izinhlangano. Labo izakhamuzi abamukele kwesabelo kokusetshenziswa the Code, ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba afeze kabusha ukubhalisa ubunikazi zabo noma aqashiwe. umthetho Ibe wenqabela sinikeziwe umhlaba njalonjalo ngabanye. Ngo-1994, i-Civil kabusha esungulwe kungenzeka izakhamuzi khulula ukuthola iziza ukusetshenziswa.

Imininingwane yalolu umthetho

ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu bezwe isikhathi esingenasiphelo liyalondolozwa esahlukweni. 4 HCC. It is Kunikezelwa umbuso elilinganiselwe ubunikazi ingcebo. Kulokhu, lo LC liphindwe kabili nge kuvinjelwe ukudluliselwa komhlaba izakhamuzi ukusetshenziswa unomphela, futhi waqinisekisa ekulondolozweni kwamalungelo eqhamuka kubantu kanye nasezinhlanganweni, uma kuphakama ngaphambi ukwethulwa Ikhodi.

Nokho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho kugcizelelwe ukungakwazi bachithe iziza ezinjalo. Kanyekanye ukwethulwa Ikhodi, umthethonqubo ekhethekile kwavunyelwana ukuthi ezilungisiwe inqubo. Ngokuhambisana izakhamuzi kwakufanele ithuba ukukhipha ubunikazi ezweni ezinye izinhlelo zisebenza, mahhala. Ngokuphathelene izinhlangano, bona kwakuxhunyaniswa isibopho ukuthenga izwe labo noma uqashe kubo. Izikhathi eziningana sigudluke imigomo sokuvuselela. Ngo-2013, Ikhodi Administrative yasungulwa athwale icala lokungalandeli umthetho. Mthetho isikhathi wanithwesa kokujeziswa 20 kuya kwezingu-100. P. Lesi isilinganiso ophoqelelwe izinhlangano kakhulu ukuqhuba kabusha yokubhaliswa Holdings.

Izinguquko in 2015

Kusukela ngo-March 2015 a khulula ukusetshenziswa unomphela ezweni ayifakiwe Ikhodi. Zonke amaphuzu lapho kwakukhona lapho kukhulunywa khona-ke abangu kukhanselwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ZK akazange siqambe amalungelo kulesi sigaba komthetho ezweni. Ngo Art. 39,9 inikeza uhlu abantu zomthetho nemizimba okungase ukuthola kwesabelo. Lolu hlu akubandakanyi abantu yemvelo kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ezifana impahla.

imininingwane ehilelekile

Njengoba kubonakala kahle ulwazi olungenhla, kuze kube manje, ilungelo lokusebenzisa ezweni inganikelwa isikhathi esithile. Basuke kuchazwe Art. 39,10 ZK. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa unomphela ezweni inikezwe iziqondiso ezimbili. Bavalelwe Agasti 1996. A isibalo ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukwethulwa elithi "ongakhokheli ukusetshenziswa esiphakade ubunjalo bezwe!" Kumthethonkombiso likhombisa isiko ongaphakeme zezomthetho izishayamthetho yesikhathi. Abanye ochwepheshe waveza umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa nanini bezwe kungenziwa eyenziwa noma yisiphi isakhamuzi, hhayi bephuthuma ukuvuselela wafaka impahla. Imithetho alisho izinhlawulo ngabanye, alisho ezikhathini ezithile.

ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu komhlaba iziza

It wenziwa khona ngaphansi inkontileka. Ngokusho kwakhe, elinye iqembu uthembisa ukuze uthumele noma yikuphi okunikezwayo ukubeka / ingxenye khulula isikhathi esithile elinye iqembu. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, uyavuma ukusebenzisa indawo ngokuhambisana ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe nenjongo. Uhlangothi lwesibili futhi amukela isibopho ukuhlonipha imvelo kanye resource, nomthetho wezemvelo ezisemadolobheni yokuhlela. ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu komhlaba iziza uphakamisa ukubuya ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe esivumelwaneni usesimweni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa eminye.

izikhonzi

Grant kwesabelo nemizimba executive iziphathimandla isimo nemithetho yendawo ngamandla ukulahla impahla. ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu komhlaba iziza kungaba kwenziwe:

1. izikhungo kaMasipala kanye nesimo.
2. Federal isimo ibhizinisi.
3. emizimbeni Wendawo kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.
4. izinhlangano ezingokomthetho futhi izakhamuzi.

imikhakha Holdings

Ngo esiphuthumayo ukusetshenziswa oludlulele inganikelwa iziza:

1. Okuyizinto isimo / kamasipala. Ilungiselelo kwesabelo eyenziwe ejensi esiphezulu, efakwe ohlwini e Art. 29. Land ngobulili ezinhlanganweni kwesokudla abafanele, ngokuvumelana ikhodi. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma izikhungo kamasipala kanye nesimo, amabhizinisi kahulumeni.
2. Umnikazi ngu izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu ngokuhambisana inkontileka.
3. Izinhlangano unikezwa n. 2 tbsp. 24, njengendlela inkonzo abantu kwesabelo.

esibalulekile

Esiphuthumayo ukusetshenziswa uncompensated ngokuhambisana ngesinqumo esimweni ogunyaziwe noma actuator endikimbeni kamasipala ubuchwepheshe efanele, ngokuvumelana Art. 9-11 TSP. Umthetho ukubeka isikhathi umkhawulo emasimini. ukusetshenziswa olungenasizathu komhlaba Kwenziwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka unyaka owodwa. Endabeni Holdings okungewakho izinhlangano noma abantu abangaphandle, inkathi kunqunywa imigomo yenkontileka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa Servo izindawo Kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho evumelekile inkontileka umsebenzi.

isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama izivumelwano ngobudlelwane

Igama elithi "phakade" lisho ukuthi isayithi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle noma nini izingqinamba. Kulesi uhluka ukusebenza mahhala nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa, ngoba konke lobeka ethize imithetho nezikhathi. Khonamanjalo unike ngokwemvelo futhi bangase khona ukusetshenziswa unomphela. Kulokhu, kukhona ukurhunyezwa we kuqashwa le-SATI. Kuvele isikhathi angenamkhawulo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa isinxephezelo, kwenziwa ngesisekelo non-nezivumelwano. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi lapho kwesabelo enikeziwe kule modi, njengoba base isinyathelo hhayi ukuvumelana phakathi kwezinhlangano zentando, futhi isinqumo (isenzo) sikhungo abanekhono kwamandla. Njengomthetho, inqobo yezolimo ezweni dacha futhi ingadi opertives izinhlangano. Kule ndaba, into efana inkontileka isikhathi esinganqunyelwe, kubhekwa ngokomthetho hhayi okunenjongo.

hlinzeka HCC

Izakhamizi ababonisa isikhathi angenamkhawulo, nethuba bahlele ubunikazi esabelweni. Uhlinzeka isiqondiso elawula ukwethulwa Ikhodi Land. Amanani Ngeke ube khona noma ukungabi khona isiqondiso imibhalo isihloko (isitifiketi noma isenzo) ngesimo umthetho, lapho isayithi inikezwe. Okuqukethwe impahla kanye ngokomzimba abantu ukuthi usebenze bafaka okuqondene umasipala noma isimo, nge ngokufanele kwalo futhi ngokutholakala izakhiwo zabo ezingokomthetho. Njengoba okushiwo ngenhla, iziza ukuze izakhamuzi ukusetshenziswa unomphela namuhla azitholakali. Nokho, umthetho engabondli abakubo ukunqanyulwa ngokuzenzekelayo amathuba somthetho mayelana iziza zabelwe ukungena force of the Code. ukubhaliswa Impahla uvunyelwe kanye kuphela.

imikhawulo

Ngokusho Art. 269 we Civil Code kuncike ngubani unikwe umhlaba e ukusetshenziswa unomphela, uzakuba nelungelo afeze ukuhlinzwa kanye nobunikazi kwesabelo ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekiwe ngumthetho, ezinye izenzo normative, kanye idokhumenti ngesisekelo ngalo labelwa. Ukulahlwa Nokho, akuvunyelwe. Okuhlukile mthetho kukhona amacala:

1. Ukuvumelana ebugqileni.
2. Citizen ukudluliswa ingxenye njengoba isabelo inkonzo.

Izihloko ngaleyo ndlela, ngokungafani abanikazi, ophucwa kungenzeka ukulahla Territories. Abantu abasebenzisa isayithi unomphela, awukwazi balidlulisele yerenti, ukusebenza ongakhokheli okwesikhathi esithile, kufaka phakathi kokuthola imvume yomnikazi obufanele. Noma yimuphi kuthengiselana eziphathelene oda nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa, kuzobhekwa njengoba siyize. Umthetho futhi kuvimbela ukwethulwa ilungelo ukusetshenziswa esiqiwini (lomthetho) inhlokodolobha inkampani okungezona zokuhweba kanye commercial.

Ukunikeza yokubhalisa izinhlangano iziza

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho icala isibopho sokubuyisela abazinikele ukuze ukusetshenziswa komhlaba impahla noma intela. Umthetho kusungulwa umnqamulajuqu by okwakufanele kungenze kwenziwe, - 1 Januwari 2012 endabeni esephule eside ezilungiselelwe isigwebo. Uma inhlangano engokomthetho uvuselela ukusetshenziswa sokuqasha, imali for ukusebenza isethwe 2%, futhi iziza abelwe kusukela ezindaweni zezolimo, inani elilingana no-0.3% wenani cadastral. Uma kwenzeka kwezimpawu noma nokukhawulela emazweni inzuzo nezintela 1.5%. Ukuguqula lezi amagugu it ovunyelwe ulungise ukubaluleka cadastral. Ubani wasebenzisa iziza izinto ezahlukene komugqa, isikhathi sokuvuselela imisiwe kuze kube-January 1, 2016 uma isihloko akazange abe nesikhathi ukuqasha indawo, bangakwazi ukuyihlenga ngentengo 2.5% yenani cadastral. Sokuvuselela engadini, ehlobo, izinhlangano ingadi kanye ukubambisana eside ezweni akugcini.