I Icebo lika - Iyini?

I Icebo lika kwaqala ashisayo NgeSonto ntambama. Mayelana lesihlanu ntambama Agasti 18, ngo-1991 kuya esangweni a dacha uhulumeni e Foros Lolwandle Olumnyama coast eCrimea, lapho iholidi baye umongameli we-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, uMikhail Gorbachev efika ezinhlanu abamnyama "iVolga". Ayikho abazange ulindele, futhi ekuqaleni onogada babengacabangi ukuvula amasango futhi isuswe iketango nge spikes walala ngaphesheya komgwaqo.

Into "Dawn"

Khona-ke ukusuka imoto yokuqala washiya Jikelele Yuri Plekhanov, inhloko yabangamashumi lesishiyagalolunye Directorate wama-KGB. Watshala isevisi nokuvikeleka-KGB futhi kwaba siqondise kulinda Gorbachev. Ngawo lowo mzuzu green metal amasango, ehlotshiswe izinkanyezi esikhulu esibomvu, livulwe. Ngokuhamba Kwimizuzu embalwa izimoto kuze umgwaqo omazombezombe ngokusebenzisa nomsayipuresi izihlahla ukuze isakhiwo ukhonkolo ngekhodi-okuthiwa "into" Dawn "."

Gorbachev, njengoba asho kamuva watshela abaphenyi, awuzange kuphathelene nezivakashi - namaphoyisa ayisihlanu eziphezulu ze-KGB, ibutho nezikhulu eziphezulu LamaKhomanisi, kanye nonogada babo. USawuli wathatha ifoni ukubiza ikhanda lika-KGB, uVladimir Kryuchkov. Kodwa umugqa sanqunywa. Wabe esebiza abantu nokuvikeleka abakhulu bakhe Jikelele uVladimir Medvedev owathi yena ngalibona "Khrushchev" okukhethwa kukho. Umholi elaliyiSoviet uNikita Khrushchev ngo-1964, waxoshwa ngo-umbuso phakathi iholidi lakhe oLwandle Olumnyama.

Kusukela sokuphela

Ezalandela amahora 73, kwatheleka izikhulu ezimbili eziphezulu Soviet elwela ilungelo lokwenza umlando. Ithimba, owafika ngo-Foros, Kryuchkov wathunyelwa ukukholisa Gorbachev ukuze ohlangothini abaholi beqembu eziyisishiyagalombili futhi ojenene, wasungula neKomiti KaHulumeni eziphuthumayo (iKomiti eziphuthumayo), elimalungu alo kwakufanele ukuthi zilawule ukulawula yesikhashana elaseSoviet Union. I Icebo lika kwenziwa, ngoba ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ngo-August 20, uMongameli kwadingeka ukuba esayina isivumelwano esisha umbimbi, okwaba eSoviet Union ibe ukuhlanganyela. Abaningi besaba ukuthi izoba lokhu kuzoholela wokugoqa inqwaba wezwe uthi ezimele. Inhloso Icebo lika sasiwukusiza Gorbachev ukumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo futhi ukuhlehlisa basayine isivumelwano.

Coup usezuze nomphumela ohlukile. Ukudala Icebo lika hhayi kuphela waqinisa baseSoviet Union uye walungiselela Borisu Eltsinu, umongameli elisanda kuqokwa we the RSFSR, onamandla angenamkhawulo. oklebe Communist enqatshelwa ekuphatheni izwe. Ukuzama ukulondoloza eSoviet Union, abaholi Icebo lika ekugcineni okhandwe ngesando esigxotsheni ngokusebenzisa inhliziyo yakhe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, iSoviet Union yaphela.

Kodwa kwenzekani kulezi zinsuku ezintathu okukhulu ngo-August, ngisho nanamuhla, uhlala akucacile. Yize sebenamashumi eminyaka ukuhlaziywa: amavolumu 140 kwemibhalo, kwamacala amathathu, imikhumbi eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye inqwaba eshicilelwe ubufakazi siqu - indaba egcwele Icebo lika bephikelela obugcwele up.

Izimbangela Icebo lika

Gobe cishe nge ncazelo, ayikwazi waqonda. Kodwa abaningi abafana Watergate, ekugcineni sobala. Desire bakhi abadala bavume izono zabo obala, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo zomlando imfihlo kanye nokufika imibuso emisha zezombusazwe wafundisa ukuthi ekugcineni iqiniso uyaphuma.

Kwabanye, ukwehluleka Icebo lika - kuyinto ukunqoba intando yeningi phezu kwamabutho ukusabela, abantu Politburo. Lena isiqephu ayisihluthulelo eziphuthumayo ngo-1991, lapho kuqhathaniswa ne 1789 futhi 1917, ngesikhathi yenguquko ukusuka ekubuseni wobushiqela ukubusa kwentando yeningi ovulekile. IKomiti eziphuthumayo - ukungqubuzana tinhlelo letimbili, enye yazo iwine. Njengoba Yeltsin wathi kamuva, ukwesaba ekhulwini baphela kanye nezinye waqala. Uphawu we-ke uthuthumele baba isithombe sakhe - emi ngaphansi isibhamu umholi ithangi akhethwe yezwe.

Inkinga nje nale ncazelo we Icebo lika ukuthi awuhambisani ukukhulunywa namaqiniso. I lokuhlola ngaphezulu kulezi zinsuku ezintathu, kucace kancane kuba. Vital, izikhathi juqu kakuphathelene ukwenza nentando yenengi. Yini ngempela wadlala indima enkulu, yikhono hoaxes, badukise futhi ilawulwe. Kwakuyisikhathi iziza umncintiswano, futhi wathandwa engcono.

In the version nge halftones kungekho imfumbe mkhulu kunezinhliziyo indima izinhlamvu ezimbili, Gorbachev futhi Yeltsin. Lesi sakamuva, isibonelo, u engaqondakali unolwazi mayelana nezingxoxo putsch. Njengoba lokhu kuqinisekiswa ubufakazi eziningi sokuba itholane phezulu okukhulu e Moscow, isibindi Yeltsin sika, wagibela phezu ethangini ukuze simelane ibutho lwaqiniswa ngokuqiniseka ukuthi akekho ngeke ukudubula.

UMongameli wase-USSR zaziwazi konke

kungakhathaliseki Gorbachev kwaba eqinisweni, njalo waphikelela, eboshelwe endlini Foros? Noma, njengoba inani labamba iqhaza izenzakalo, ukuba kude kwaso odlale kubo silinde sibone imiphumela ngaphambi kokuba ngecala Icebo lika ngo-August 21? Ngokusho Vasily Starodubtsev, Gorbachev nje ubuye futhi wathatha indawo yakhe.

Namuhla, lowo owayengumengameli iyohlonishwa njengomunye wezinguquko ababa wahlephula ubukhomanisi emuva kwesokunxele umdlalo, lapho kuba nemiphumela ongenakugwenywa ukwehluleka Icebo lika - kwachitheka iSoviet Union 26 Disemba 1991. Kodwa ehlobo ngawo lowo nyaka, abaphikisi bakhe main zezombusazwe kwakungezona party ubudala okulondoloza, okuyinto bekatsatsa ukuzama ukuhlala amandla. Kusukela ngoJuni, sesiye inkinga, Yeltsin wakhethwa kule nyanga, umongameli omusha we RSFSR. Weza amandla 57% wamavoti futhi laliphathwa nguye engasenathonya we, wezinguquko kweqiniso edume akhethwe. Nge usuku lusondela ukusayinwa Gorbachev wenyunyana sivumelwano esisha kwaba lula ukuqonda: uma iSoviet Union becindezelekile, njengoba nje kwakubikezelwe yi Ababesadla ngoludala, kuba ikhanda bakhe obuphakeme kakhulu uzohlala esephelelwe umsebenzi. Uma ayekufuna isizathu ukuyeka inkambo izenzakalo, ukwakheka iKomiti eziphuthumayo okwenzeka endaweni esikahle.

Ngokusho Starodubtseva bakhi, Icebo lika icebo babe izandla Gorbachev sika, owayemazi ngokuseduze zonke ngakho. Ngo-1991 Starodubtsev wayengumholi we 40 sesigidi we ongumlimi Union. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ejele emva kombuso, wakhethwa umbusi esifundeni ocebile yezolimo Tula, kwaba Ilungu lephalamende kusuka Communist Party ne wabulawa isifo senhliziyo ngo-2011

Putsch noma farce?

Starodubtsev ngizisole ukuthi iKomiti eziphuthumayo wenze eningi amaphutha, ungayisebenzisi abezindaba ukuthi ukhuthaze abantu ukusekela Icebo lika. bozungu Old ku kuhlulekile putsch vinyl amambuka futhi CIA, kodwa kwabaningi, ukungabi bomsebenzi esikhathini Icebo lika uhlala omunye izinhlangothi oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke leKomiti eziphuthumayo. Isithombe lwalezo zinsuku iveza hhayi ayale a lukhuni, abashisekeli abanolwazi futhi idealists abaqeqeshiwe kabi, wagxumela ephakeme kunaleyo ikhanda lakhe.

Hhayi ukuthi abazange babe nesipiliyoni amasu okugumbuqela imibuso nasezinxushunxushwini wezimpi ezalandela. Eqinisweni, ngeshwa, base cishe ngaphambi lonke kulokhu, akubhala kamuva e ibhuku ngempilo yakhe yemilindankosi Gorbachev, Jikelele Medvedev. Leon Trotsky, Umphikisi zezombusazwe zalo Stalin, ngo-1940, wabulawa kanti kwesinye Nenkabazwe. Yini eyavimbela ama-ukuboshwa Yeltsin owayequliswa isandla?

Imibuzo kuqale umhlangano wokuqala phakathi Gorbachev kanye nethimba ezingalindelekile, kufika ku-uyakhathaza Agasti suku. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, umongameli ekuqaleni bethukile, kodwa, beqiniseka ngokuthi awuzange Kuboshwe, baba yizilwi, ngenqaba ukuba nezimfuno. Ngokusho Gorbachev, wabiza bakhi futhi amambuka, izama, ngubani uzokhokha ngalokho akwenza.

Umkhaya nabangane Gorbachev njalo waphikelela ukuthi ukuphikiswa okungantengantengi ngala kuya Icebo lika kwakusho ukubekwa kwakhe eboshelwe endlini, lapho yena esesabela impilo yakhe. Ngemva amalungu eKomiti eziphuthumayo landizela eMoscow ukugumbuqela umbuso, Gorbachev nomkakhe Raisa, owashona ngo-1999, basala eqashelwe e Foros. Kamuva lapho ephinda wafakaza leonid Proshkina, Umphenyi ehhovisini Lomshushisi ukuba aphenye kombuso, esho ukuthi uma engazala unhlangothi ezincane. Ube eseqinisekisa ukuthi lo mbhangqwana oko nesimo esinzima, futhi badela okuningi ngenxa yokwesaba ukubizwa anobuthi.

Lesi sifo babe ithuba lokugcina press conference ngosuku olulandelayo, lapho, ngaphansi amehlo omhlaba wonke Isekela Gorbacheva Yanaev, omunye wabaphostoli okuzisholo we bakhi, wamemezela ukuthi icabanga ekwenzeni imisebenzi umengameli. Wathi, asikwazanga unqobe ukundindiza anamandla izandla zakhe futhi izwi lakhe, ukuthi manje uMikhail Gorbachev kuyinto eholidini, welashelwa eningizimu futhi bathemba ukuthi njengoba nje Gorbachev azizwa kangcono, bese ithatha ehhovisi futhi.

Okunye ubufakazi lomhlangano e Foros ukwethula isithombe egcwele. Ngokusho Valery Boldin, abakhulu Gorbachev wangaphambili yokuphathwa, nomunye bozungu, owashona ngo-2006, umholi Soviet yathukuthela, kodwa wayebuye ngomumo nganoma isiphi intengo ukuqeda Yeltsin. Ekugcineni, umongameli wathi: "Ukuze esihogweni nawe, noma yini oyifunayo," wabe esenikeza iseluleko esithile kanjani ukwethula isimo esiphuthumayo.

Ngakho-ke ingabe ukuboshwa wendlu ka umengameli?

Izinto zokuvala umoya Gorbachev e Foros kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingana: kungakhathaliseki wayezama ukubaleka, uzama ukuthi baxhumane nabantu, ukuchaza ukungabi kwakhe isigubhukane? ucingo kahulumeni waKhe sika yahlwithwa, kodwa ifoni imoto yakhe sisasebenza njengoba omunye ifoni onogada endlini. Eqinisweni, kunobufakazi bokuthi Gorbachev yayenze phakathi endlini yakhe ukuboshwa, okubalwa noMengameli Nursultan Nazarbayev, umongameli wamanje Kazakhstan omunye wabaphostoli LamaKhomanisi yezwe ngo-1991, kanti futhi ngokusho Alexander Hinstein, lePhalamende nesazi-mlando Arkady Volsky, omunye abeluleki bayo. Ezingxoxweni, Gorbachev wagomela ngokuthi akuyona ogulayo ngempela.

32 unogada umongameli - kungenye impikiswano. Akekho kubo uboshiwe ngemuva kombuso, futhi lo mseshi Proshkin yathola ukuthi kungabi ngenxa noma ngokumelene kombuso, naphezu usongo jikelele abo amakhulu Plekhanov. OFakazi zithi Gorbachev kungashiya uma wayefuna, kodwa aphike. Wakhipha umyalelo zilotshwe imfuneko ukuya eMoscow, kodwa, wathi, ayikatholi impendulo. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu Kwabantu Ebusosheni Collegium zeNkantolo Ephakeme baphetha ngokuthi Gorbachev kwakungelona eboshelwe endlini, ngoba akazange azame ukubaleka.

Ngo ibhuku ngempilo yakhe isibambiso uJenene Medvedev ekuyi waze wathi isikhathi sesiphelo sesimiso okulindeleke anawo umongameli kwaba Tu-134.

Dzhon Danlop,-mlando American futhi onguchwepheshe kule Ukuketulwa état ngo-1991, uthi yokungenzi Gorbachev sika wadida Aleksandra Yakovleva, iminyaka eminingi, owayengomunye we umbimbi abakhulu umholi Soviet. Ngokusho kwakhe, engawuqondi kungani uMongameli akazange abaleke, ngoba onogada ngeke baye bazama ngisho ukuyeka.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi siyoke ukwazi ukuthi Gorbachev wesaba ukwenza noma umane nje uhlezi ulinde ukuze ujoyine side yokuwina. Njengoba nje ayengahlala ethembekile ngaphandle ukuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle e Foros, waba sesimweni isikhundla ephelele: uma ukuvukela uMbuso uhlulekile, wayeyoba isisulu; kungenjalo kungatsatsa indima ubuholi. Kubonakala sengathi umongameli wagunyaza umthetho kombuso, kodwa ukuze kwakungeyona evulekile kuye ehilelekile, waphetha Dunlop.

Gorbachev inqatshelwe lezi zinsolo zingamampunge iminyaka. Palazhchenko, cindezela nonobhala wakhe, uxwayisa ngokumelene olokuthatheka uthi Icebo lika nentshisekelo ukujivaza umholi wangaphambili. Ngo-2006, Nokho, Gorbachev owabonakaliswa obala osolwa Yeltsin ukuhileleka Icebo lika. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-15 ukwesekwa umphakathi for izinguqulo uMongameli wangaphambili Soviet owayegula Boris Yeltsin watshela ithelevishini Russian ukuthi phakathi kombuso, Gorbachev watshelwa mayelana konke futhi elinde ukubona ngubani ukuwina. Kungakhathaliseki umphumela, uzojoyina abawinile.

Ngenxa yalokho, Gorbachev Foundation, ithangi cabange adalwe umholi elaliyiSoviet ubheke ukugqugquzela intando yeningi e-Russia, ngokushesha ummangalelwa Yeltsin ka blackening igama kalowo owayengumengameli ngomzamo lusichezukise indima yawo nokwahlukana USSR. Kodwa ukuxabana zigcine stalemate. Yeltsin wafa.

Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha e Moscow

Zonke ezinye labantu eSoviet Union efundile lokuketula uhulumeni 1991 kuze kube ngakusasa ngemva kokufika kwakhe kusukela Foros ethule. NgoMsombuluko ekuseni, ilanga laliphuma phezu ikholomu amathangi, nge ukubhonga ezihambayo kanye Kutuzovsky Prospekt - endleleni ebanzi okuholela phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow. Ngemva ukusakaza izinjongo 7 ekuseni emsakazweni isimo futhi ithelevishini waqala ukusakaza okuqhubekayo "Swan Lake" yikomidi Tchaikovsky.

Ngaphandle kokusekelwa okubeka obala Gorbachev Icebo lika kwadingeka ibutho lempi kuphela, okuyinto eye yaba ebulalayo. Marshal Dmitry Yazov, ungqongqoshe wezokuvikela kanye bozungu, othumele amathangi, kamuva wavuma ukuthi akenzanga eziningi amaphutha. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo etat Ukuketulwa kwaba Improvisation ephelele. Zazingekho izinhlelo. Akekho wacabanga ukuba abophe Yeltsin noma umbelesele i- "White House" (Ephakeme Council isakhiwo). Laba bakha itulo lokuthi uma amaJuda abantu kanjalo uyokuqonda futhi sibasekele. Kodwa baqala ukusola yokuthi bathumela amathangi ku phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow.

Okokuqala, kwabozungu ayikwazanga ancike amabutho ezokuphepha. ukwethembeka bezombangazwe ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet lwabhidlika uchungechunge izibhelu olunegazi nge ababhikishi othulile odlule iminyaka emibili. Ngo-1989, asemanzini ehlaselwa ukubonakaliswa Tbilisi (Georgia), kwaphumela ekufeni kwabantu abangaba ngu-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka ka-ukudalwa iKomiti eziphuthumayo - unyaka ukufa kwabantu ngobuningi 14 ngesikhathi Storming wama-KGB uphiko oluyisipesheli yokulwa nobuphekula we-Lithuanian ePhalamende kanye ithelevishini isikhungo, ababhikishi bambamba. Ngemva kokuziphatha lezi amacala obhekene izinqubomgomo zabo sola bamabutho.

Lokhu wayencisha ibutho isifiso ngisho nakakhulu i-KGB ukuba ahlanganyele kwezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow. Futhi ushiye umnyango ovulekile for Yeltsin, nowake waba yinhloko wekomidi idolobha LamaKhomanisi, owaphumelela Gorbachev ehlobo lika-1991 njengoba wezinguquko ehola kweSoviet Union futhi wazama ukuzuza ingxenye ukusungulwa Soviet. UFrank evuleleke West, Yeltsin komculo amathemba abasha ovulekile abaseRussia, ngubani ngempela wayefuna ukwenza kude nabantu ezweni komhlaba jikelele. Njalo Denham amandla zakhe lwakhula.

Yeltsin wayekwazi kokubanga. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukuvukela uMbuso waya Pavel Grachev, induna amabutho lokushaya wacela ancike abantu bakhe uma ukuvukela uMbuso. Yeltsin futhi kwaba contact njalo Jikelele Evgeniem Shaposhnikovym, esasiphethe ibutho lasemoyeni. Ukuba khona umbimbi ezinjalo, waba juqu.

ukuqaphela ongaqondakali

Yeltsin efika e Moscow ekuseni Agasti 19 Cottages, ukushayela esedlule itholakala emahlathini eduze division-KGB, owawungumnyaka ukumbamba, kodwa yahluleka ukwenza njalo. Ngasekupheleni kosuku, amahora angu-24 emva kuhambele Icebo lika ngokumelene Gorbachev, washiya isakhiwo of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR wagibela ithangi, ababeyile nohlangothi lwakhe. Waphendukela esixukwini ababeze sokuzakhela isivimbezelo ngokumelene kombuso, wabiza bonke abantu baseRussia ukunikeza impendulo ngokwanele umbuso nokuthi befuna kubuye oda evamile eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Ukufika kombuso Yeltsin kumabonakude isimo ukubeka Icebo lika ekhanda layo. Foreign TV nezisebenzi, esanikwa isikhulu inkululeko ephelele, isuswe amashumi ezinkulungwane amaRashiya owavela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izwe akusho ukwazi ukuphindela kokudlule. Abantu emhlabeni wonke wabona amathangi nge yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili yabo flying Russia tricolors yeningi.

Ngenxa uxhumano yakhe ebuthweni elandelayo emahoreni angu-48, Yeltsin zaziwazi zonke okwengeziwe izenzo iKomiti eziphuthumayo. Kwatholakala phandle, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva lapho intatheli yaseMelika Seymour Hersh uthe uMengameli Dzhordzh Bush lokukhokha National Security Council ye-Ejensi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Yeltsin eyaziwa amacebo bakhi.

UMongameli Russian mayelana nezingxoxo kubika ngesikhathi sangempela. Yeltsin yena wavuma ukuthi ngesikhathi livinjezelwe izinsuku ezimbili we-White House, US osomaqhinga bamvakashela. Wabhala encwadini ibhuku ngempilo yakhe ukuthi esikhathini esithile, zize zingene ngisho ukusebenzisa US Embassy, kodwa ke banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo ukwenza lokho, ngoba "abantu abakuthandi abezinye izizwe bagxambukela ezindabeni zethu."

Ngemva ngemdlalo UMsombuluko, August 19, ngoLwesibili kwaba kwangqingetshe nzima eMoscow. Ababhikishi esakhiwe ngothango, nabaholi Icebo lika babecabanga izingozi ezingase zibe of full-scale operation wezempi. Kodwa lapho ubusuku wawa, Yeltsin wabonisa ukuzibamba okungavamile. Yonke imithombo libike ukuthi iKomiti eziphuthumayo unqume ukuba ahlasele e-White House. Kodwa ngokwesiko cindezela nonobhala wakhe pavla Voschanova, umongameli Russian ngalala egumbini, bedla futhi ngidakwa. I jikelele wathi Medvedev wayazi ukuthi ukuhlasela akazange athathe indawo.

ukuphela

Ngu ekuseni Agasti 21, kwaba iyunithi kuphela lapho iKomiti eziphuthumayo engase akwazi ukubala izinhlayiya. Kwaba iqembu "Alpha", okuyinto sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ukuhlasela e-White House. Kodwa, ukhumbula indlela anezinhlaka e Lithuania ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kusho amaphoyisa izibhelu baye banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo lokho ayalwa ukuba akwenze, futhi kokusa, kwaba sobala ukuthi abakhi bozungu elahlekile. UNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela Yazov ngaphambilini ukuba bahoxe amathangi eMoscow, kuvuleke indlela yokuba i impambano-ngosuku olulandelayo, lapho Gorbachev wafika upbraid esidlangalaleni ukwakheka leKomiti eziphuthumayo. Esikhathini mzuzu yokugcina bakhi waya Foros, has ukundiza ndawonye dolobha ukuthatha indawo efanelekile e ezincwadini zomlando.

Ngo yinkimbinkimbi kwako futhi ongaziwa - ngengxube okungahleliwe futhi kuhlelwe - Agasti putsch kwaba ngezindlela eziningi kuyisandulela Inqubomgomo post-lamaKhomanisi Russia. intando yeningi populist Yeltsin ngokushesha wakhala kanzima isimo paternalistic: eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wayezobathumelela amathangi ngokumelene ephalamende ngokwayo, okuyinto wazama ukuvikela ngo-1991.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Uzungu wathatha izinqubomgomo indawo kusukela uVladimir Putin waqala ukubusa ngo-1999, "kanye" okuyinto kwaqondana emkhankasweni wempi, ukudlala Leapfrog Putin and umlandeli wakhe, Dmitry Medvedev. Ezibiyele nge nemibhoshongo yayo Ungadliwa kuseyimpicabadala esikhungweni zokuphila Russian.

Kanjani izenzakalo zaziqala ukwenzeka

• Agasti 18: Gorbachev uzama ukufaka isikhalazo inhloko-KGB, uVladimir Kryuchkov usizo. Kodwa Kryuchkov kwaholela umbuso.
• Agasti 19, ngo-7 am: Soviet isimo nomsakazo ukusakazwa ithelevishini kanye Icebo lika inkulumo ukungena amathangi eMoscow.
• Agasti 19: Raisa Gorbachev uthi kuzibopho yakhe Foros unhlangothi ezincane.
• Ngo-August 19, 5 ntambama: IPhini likaMengameli Janaev umemezela isifo umongameli.
• 20 Agasti: sabantu wakhela ngothango phambi White House, lapho Yeltsin kwaba.
• Agasti 20, Gorbachev ukulinda. Ngokusho Vasily Starodubtsev bozungu, wayazi konke.
• Agasti 21, 3 am: amayunithi olukhethekile-KGB - "Alpha" iqembu - ngaphambilini ukuba ahlasele e-White House. Wakhe Imiphumela tekungalaleli ukuphazamiseka ngesakhiwo.
• Agasti 22: Gorbachev livela Foros ekulahleni Icebo lika. I bakhi baboshwa.
• Disemba 25: imiphumela Icebo lika - Gorbachev wesulile esikhundleni sakhe sokuba ngumengameli we-Soviet Union, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo iSoviet Union yaphela ngokusemthethweni khona.