Iyini umphakathi womphakathi: izici nomlando

Kuyini umphakathi womphakathi? Ngokuvamile sihlangana nale mbono, siqhubekele ezingxoxweni zomphakathi nezombusazwe, ezithandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu. Phela, uzovuma, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kukhona umphakathi waseRussia, uzwakala kaningi namuhla, ikakhulukazi emlonyeni wabo bonke osombusazwe noma izibalo zomphakathi. Yiqiniso, sonke siyiqonda ngokuyikho emibhalweni evamile ukuthi umphakathi wenzani. Noma kunjalo, asiziqondi ngokugcwele izintuthwane zalesi sigaba sezenhlalo. Ake sizame ukugcwalisa lezi zikhala bese sibeka konke endaweni yalo kulesi sihloko.

Izimpande zomlando

Lo mqondo wavela eYurophu ngenkathi ubudlelwane be-capitalist obuhlanganisiwe. Empeleni, yini umphakathi womphakathi, njengoba kungewona umphumela wokuthuthukiswa kwe-capitalism kanye nokuguqulwa komphakathi kwe-New Times? Amaphuzu abalulekile ekubunjweni kwawo kwakuyizinguquko ze- bourgeois eYurophu, ikakhulukazi iBrithani ngo-1640 kanye namaFulentshi ngo-1789. Owokuqala wabeka izisekelo zokukhululeka komphakathi emlandweni wezwe, ukunciphisa umbuso wasebukhosini, futhi wavula indlela yezwe ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhantshi. Okwesibili futhi ubonakalise ukunqoba kwemibono mayelana nokulingana kwezwe lonke, lapho amakilasi aphansi efinyelela ukuhlanganiswa komthetho wethonya labo enjongweni yombuso, ngisho noma kungenjalo konke okusetshenziselwa ukukwenza. Ekhuluma ngokuthi ubudlelwane be-capitalist bebeyimfuneko ebalulekile ekukhuleni komphakathi, sisho ukuthi babe negalelo ekuguqulweni kwezenhlalakahle, kubhubhisa ubudlelwane be-feudal nokudala imikhakha emisha yabantu: isigaba samabhuntshi kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza kuqala, okwathi ngemva nje kokuqaphela umphakathi wezintshisekelo zabo Futhi ukubaluleka emphakathini (okwakungeke kwenzeke ngabasimi abahlakazekile bezikhathi zama-feudalism, izwe labo, ngokubanzi, abazange bahambe ngaphesheya komzana wendawo), baqala ukufuna amalungelo namalungelo amaningi. Lezi zidingo zaqondiswa, okokuqala, ohlelweni lwamanje lwezepolitiki, empeleni, kuhulumeni ngokwawo. Lokhu kuyisici esiyisisekelo, ngenxa yokuthi thina namuhla sihlukanisa ngokungafani phakathi komphakathi nombuso. Ifilosofi yalo mbono yayisungulwe ngokuyinhloko ngabacwaningi abavelele beNew New and Newest Times. Phakathi kwabo ukugcizelela abalobi bombono we "inkontileka yomphakathi" kaJohn Locke noThomas Hobbes, abakhanyisi baseFrance uJean-Jacques Rousseau noCharles Montesquieu, abasunguli baseJalimane bezinto zokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo zikaKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels.

Kuyini umphakathi womphakathi namuhla futhi yiziphi izimpawu zawo?

Futhi ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsisekelo zentando yeningi;
• Ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo kwezakhamuzi;
• Umsebenzi wamahhala ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho womphakathi wabanikazi bezimpahla zokukhiqiza;
• Izinga eliphakeme ngokwanele lezombusazwe nezombusazwe;
• Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo yabantu;
• Ukusebenza kohulumeni ozimele;
• Ukuhlanganiswa komnotho ;
• Inombolo ebalulekile yezinga eliphakathi emphakathini;
• Ukuqaphela kakhulu inqubomgomo yenhlalo engxenyeni kahulumeni;
• Ukuhlelwa kwemibono emphakathini;
• Ukuncintisana kwamahhala.