Uyini inkathi? Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu?

Kuyini inkathi? Lokhu isikhawu kwesikhathi kunqunywa Izinjongo Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo noma mlando. Imiqondo yamagama okuqinisekile efanayo, yobudala, inkathi sakulum, Eon (Aion ngesiGreki) isi-Sanskrit, naseningizimu.

Uyini inkathi?

Igama isetshenziswa nge inkathi 1615 futhi lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Latin "aera" kusho isikhathi esiqala mhla, okuyinto kukalwa isikhathi. I nokusetshenziswa kwaleli gama ekulandelaneni kwezenzakalo waqala emhlabeni ekhulwini lesihlanu, esikhathini yamaVisigoth eSpain, lapho buvela indaba Isidore waseSeville. Khona-ke, e imibhalo kamuva. Inkathi Spanish ibalwa '38 BC. Thanda ubudala, ekuqaleni umqondo kwakusho iphuzu kokuqala kwekhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa umlando

Uyini inkathi emlandweni? Kuthathwa eliphakeme inhlangano ngokokuqala nesilinganiso. Ikhalenda kubonisa isikhathi okuqinisekile isikhathi, kusukela ngosuku oluthile, okuvame kuphawula ukuqala isimo ezithile zezombangazwe, lwamakhosi umthetho. Lokhu kungaba ukuzalwa umholi noma ezinye senzakalo esingokomlando noma basezinganekwaneni ezibalulekile.

inkathi geological

Ngo emikhulu natural sciences, kukhona isidingo ngelinye ihlo isikhathi, ezimele umsebenzi womuntu, futhi ngempela sihlanganisa isikhathi eside kakhulu (ikakhulukazi nezakudala) lapho inkathi Geological libhekisela kahle kuchazwa zinkathi. division ephakeme yesikhathi Geological - Aeon. I Eon Phanerozoic wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku nangenkathi. Okwamanje kukhona emithathu ubudala kuchaziwe Phanerozoic. It Cenozoic, Mesozoic nesikhathi Paleozoic. Okudala Proterozoic futhi eons Archean futhi ihlukaniswe sebebadala.

Inkathi Cosmological futhi calendrical

Ukuze nezikhathi emlandweni wendawo yonke, igama elithi "okuqinisekile" ngokuvamile kungcono ukuba "Inkathi", nakuba la magama nezilandiso. Ikhalenda nkathi ibalwa iminyaka ngaphakathi izinsuku ezithile. Ngokuvamile nge ukubaluleka okungokwenkolo. Ngokuphathelene AD, kubhekwa ukuba inkathi evelele ne ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu. Ikhalenda Islamic, okuyinto Ubuye ongakhetha okubalwa iminyaka kusukela Hijra, noma kwenye indawo kwe umprofethi Islamic Muhammad kusukela naseMecca Medina, owenzeka ngo-622 BCE

Phakathi nenkathi - kusukela 1872 kuze seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - Japanese baye basebenzisa lesi simiso ngonyaka imperial kusukela enkathini lapho edume uMbusi Jimmy wasungula Japan. Kwakungenxa 660 BC. Abaningi ikhalenda Buddhist zibalwa kusukela ekufeni Buddha, okuyinto, ngokusho izibalo ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa senzeka eminyakeni 545-543. BC. e. Okunye ikhalenda nangenkathi esidlule ayebalwa kusukela izenzakalo zezombusazwe. Lezi, isibonelo, yobudala yozalo lukaSeleucus futhi wesigodlo elingumRoma, uvela ekusungulweni usuku leli dolobha.

Century nenkathi

Igama elithi "Inkathi" futhi libhekisela amayunithi ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha kwezinye, uhlelo ngokungenasizathu ngaphezulu lapho isikhathi akuyona continuum olungenamkhawulo unyaka owodwa yokubika, kodwa block omusha ngamunye iqala luhlaka entsha yereferensi, sengathi isikhathi iqala futhi. Ukusetshenziswa iminyaka ezahlukene - uhlelo ngempela kuyinto engenakwenzeka, futhi izazi-mlando - umsebenzi onzima. Lapho kungekho kwezikhathi engashadile, ngokuvamile babonakalisa predominance empilweni yomphakathi umbusi ngokuphelele semiphakathi eminingi yasendulo. amasiko anjalo ngezinye izikhathi sihlangabezana amandla ezepolitiki kwesihlalo sobukhosi, futhi kungase ngisho zisekelwe izenzakalo basezinganekwaneni noma ababusi, abangase bangakunaki nhlobo.

Iyini yobudala kanye inkathi? Ingabe lezi imiqondo kufanele aye asetshenziswa ngomqondo ofanayo? Ubudala - akuwona iminyaka engu-100, ngomunye umqondo, kungenzeka ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, noma esewonke ambalwa eminyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhodi yanoma imuphi umbusi kubhekwa emlandweni we "yokuchuma", kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi yabusa ncamashi 100 iminyaka. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi kwekhulu kungaba nhlobonhlobo kokubili kwelinye futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi. EMpumalanga Asia, umbuso umbusi ngamunye zingahlukaniswa zibe nezikhathi eziningana uhulumeni, ngalinye elikwazi lithathwa njengenye enkathini entsha.

Inkathi historiography

ERA ingasetshenziswa zibonisa ngokucacile kuchazwe mlando nezikhathi, isib, Roman, uVictoria nokunye. Kamuva nezikhathi izindaba zangempela zihlanganisa nenkathi yamaSoviet. Emlandweni umculo yesimanje ethandwa futhi ukudedela nezikhathi zayo, njengekhaya kwenkathi disco.

timvo letehlukene

Uyini inkathi ngelinye ihlo? Sethula ezivamile:

1. isikhathi uhlelo yezinombolo iminyaka esehlakalweni okunye okubalulekile noma iphuzu othize ngesikhathi (kwenkathi yobuKristu).
2. Umcimbi noma idethi kwaqala inkathi entsha futhi esibalulekile emlandweni (Renaissance).
3. Isikhathi kubhekwe ngokoMthetho zenzakalo ezimangalisayo, isici, amaqembu (intuthuko kwenkathi).
4. Ngokombono Geological umbono, inkathi uchaza ubude besikhathi kusuka ngesikhathi sokudalwa Zomhlaba futhi kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. Lona division iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo ngobukhulu (inkathi Paleozoic).

Uyini inkathi entsha?

abantu ezehlukene zinezidingo lwazo lwezikhathi. ekuqaleni Traditional ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu kubhekwa ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu, le nkathi yake kuchazwe upapa. Ngakho, enkathini yethu Uphinde abhekwe ukuba umKristu, behlonipha umsunguli imfundiso entsha yenkolo - ubuKristu. Ngaphambi kwalokhu Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo lwenziwe ngokuvumelana ikhalenda Yuliya Tsezarya.

Disemba 25 kubhekwa iholidi ebalulekile emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Lolu wusuku lapho "iNdodana kaNkulunkulu" wazalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uthi: "ngonyaka okunjalo ngaphambi (BC) noma ngemva kokuzalwa kukaKristu" (AD). Entsha Usuku lokuqalisa wamukelwa Tsar uPetru mina, futhi ngemva 31 Disemba 7208 ngonyaka kwesisekelo kweBhayibheli emhlabeni ukuza-January 1, 1700 ngemva kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Abantu namanje banamathele kule sengithi ukuyibiza noma inkathi entsha yethu.