Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda iziphi izizathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thina ukuchaza amakhosi amabili (Merovingian futhi Carolingian) futhi ikakhulukazi isimo eNtshonalanga Yurophu e ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Konke lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uziqonde kangcono izimbangela ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo.

Isikhundla izizwe zakwa-Western Europe ku ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi

Western Europe ku ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi kwakuba uchungechunge imibuso ngowezizwe, ogama isimo sasiba sibi. Ngaphezu bakhona, ezindaweni zabo owakhiwe labantu Roman wendawo. Ngokusho ezingeni amasiko abo ehlukile kakhulu abahlaseli. Izizwe zamaJalimane bahlakazeka. Babefanele amasiko nezilimi ezahlukene. Ngisho nalabo abaye yanquma ebuKristwini, baqhubeka ukukhulekela onkulunkulu ubudala.

Ukuwa okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma (ifulegi layo njengophawu umelwe ngenhla) ziye zenzeka. Kusukela bekuyicala kuphela izinsalela. Ngokutholakala yamaVisigoth kuphikisana, Burgundians, Alemans futhi eziningi ezinye izizwe. Kulesi emzabalazweni, amaFrank baba abaholi. Kwaba sezizwe zakwa ngowezizwe zamaJalimane ababevela sifinyelela engezansi Rhine. lwamakhosi Merovingian imithetho. We uzokutshela ngakho ngokuningiliziwe, bese uchaze nokubusa Carolingian kanye nezizathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo.

lwamakhosi Merovingian

Kwakuyisikhathi umndeni German yobuqaba wasebukhosini. Ngo kuwuphawu behlobene unkulunkulu Wotan, omunye umuntu-ke musa ukugunda izinwele zabo. Kusukela ekupheleni 5 kuya ku-8 phakathi. amakhosi lokhu lwamakhosi wabusa insimu ka ikusasa Belgium neFrance.

Clovis mina (isithombe sakhe aboniswe ngezansi) Obusa 481 kuze 511. Nguye owaqala ukuhlanganisa izizwe iyona German zibe munye. Yena waqala kwawo wonke amakhosi Frankish (e 498 AD) zokholo lobuKristu. Kwaba isiqalo yobuKristu eGaul. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe umbuso waba yizinqamu 4, okuyinto kulawulwa namadodana akhe. Waqala impi internecine.

Dagobert Ngangiyingane wokugcina kubabusi Merovingian. Wathatha ingxenye enkulu izigodi babefundisi kanjalo okubangela inzondo ngaye. Ukuze abefundisi Merovingian kwaba usizo olukhulu. It ilahlekelwe nje Dagobert. Abbots nababhishobhi zimunye ekulweni yinkosi nabakhulu, wambeka imeya esigodlweni - control, futhi umlawuli omkhulu.

Ekhulwini 7th amandla Merovingian kancane kancane buthaka. Kwase kakade bancishwa kwamandla ayo yenkosi. Anikeza imeya wakhe isigodlo, okuyinto ekhulwini le-13 abakhethwa kusukela pippinids bohlobo.

Pepin ka Herstal

Nge 687 ka 764 imeya esigodlweni kwaba Pepin ka Herstal. Njengoba ehlanganisa wonke amandla akhe, e 681, yasihlephula avstraziytsev. Ngemva kwalokho Pepin waqala ukubiza yena iNkosana zamaJalimane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi indima le Merovingian babe ngokuphelele kuyinto engasho lutho. AmaKhosi ihlinzeka iholo elinganiselwe. Babehlala ubuphansi, lapho abathola izipho, wathola emva. Nokho, yonke into bayenza kuphela ngemiyalo yezikhulu ungqongqoshe, owawungumnyaka Pepin kuqala. Wayevame kwadingeka ukuba alwe friezes, eBavaria futhi Alemannia. kweminyaka engu-27 ukubuswa Pepin. Washona ngo 714

Karl Martell nokunqoba kwakhe

Karl Martell e 710 Pepin ka Herstal wathatha esikhundleni sikayise. Wayelethwa waqonda njengenkosi langempela. eliphezulu kakhulu kwaba nedumela lakhe sibonga ekunqobeni brilliant wabathwala. Ngo-October 732, kwathatha beka impi yasePoitiers. izinsuku 6 eyathatha impi. Le mpi abathintekayo amaFrank nama-Arabhu. Karl Martell wahlula, nama-Arabhu zaphoqeleka ukuba zibaleke. Lokhu kunqoba wamvumela ukuba uqinise ithonya wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, hhayi kuphela eGaul. Carl befa, wanika Karlomanu, indodana yakhe, Paris; Pepin - Provence, Aquitaine Neustria Brungundiyu; kanye Gryphon ezincane ithole eyifa.

iBhodi Pepin

Zonke amandla ngemva kokufa Charles waya Pepin, Carloman njengoba umfowabo omdala, baba indela. Ngakho, Pepin baba umbusi yedwa. Wayelethwa zikumemezele e 751, sibonga uPapa. Umbusi lokugcina umndeni wagudluzwa Merovingian, futhi enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi lwamakhosi Carolingian, okuyinto wasungula njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma.

UPapa uStefanu II 752 Pepin wacelwa ukuvikela izwe lakhe kanye neBandla ngokumelene amaLombard. izindlalifa Pepin futhi Carloman Charles Were. Ngo intando yakhe wahlukanisa izwe libe izingxenye ezimbili, kodwa Carloman wafa. Lapho Pepin wafa, Charles engu-26 ubudala.

IzEnzo noKarla Velikogo

Omunye walaba omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni kwakungu Karl Veliky. Kwakuyisikhathi isishoshovu nenkani kakhulu. Carl zonke iminyaka engu-46 ye-okungapheli, unyaka nonyaka, wahola impi. Babefanele ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo - ukuba ubuKristu. Yonke indawo lapho esaphila, uKarl waba nomuzwa isandla sakhe esindayo. Wokugcotshwa ombusi ayesemthatha indawo 800, 25th December. Yena ebekiwe umqhele Charles Leo III. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isimo Frankish waqala ngokuthi Carolingian Empire. ERoma, ngesikhathi iBandla St kaPetru, wokugcotshwa senkosi entsha. Lokhu awanelisekile kumbusi WaseByzantium. Leli qiniso wakhonza njengephayona nobuqili impi. Nokho, uKarl, nganquma ukuvele ngiye ngoba ukusilela. Umbusi WaseByzantium, wanikeza Dolmansky inhlonhlo kanye Venice.

Karl Veliky kwadingeka ikhono ukugcina kubefundisi ubuhlobo nasekuthengeni. Lo mbusi babembheka insimbi zabo eziyinhloko. Carl waba ithalente omkhulu ogranizatorskim. Wanikeza imithetho efanele kanye enamandla feudalism. Labo isimo futhi umphakathi izithakazelo, okuyizinto ekuqaleni ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe besihambisana nesiminyaminya amaJalimane, kwakufanele ahlanganyele namakholwa imisuka sasendulo saseRoma. Nokho, ekubumbaneni kwaba engazinzile, ngoba izakhi elihlangana kuphambene. Angikwazanga ukuxhuma nomqondo izinduna umqondo yasebukhosini. Iqiniso lokuthi eRoma yasendulo Kwakushiwo ubukhosi angenamkhawulo. bezizwe eziningi ezihlukahlukene wahlala embusweni Frankish. Carl wakhulelwa indawo umthetho owodwa zonke lokudlela zomthetho, okuyinto kwaphawuleka abakulowo mbuso. Nokho, umsebenzi usuke kuhlulekile.

Ukufa Charles nokuwa umbuso

Ngo-January 8, 814 wafa kusukela imfiva Karl Veliky. Ukufeza umgomo wayo, njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma waphula emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

izimfanelo Siqu lwamadoda alandela Charles sika

3 ekhombisa izizathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo, kufanele nakanjani ukusho ukuthi abazolandela kaCharles abakwazanga ukumelana lingcole yokubusa kwamakhosi. inzalo yakhe iye yashabalala izinzuzo lwenhlangano amandla esivela ubunjalo Carolingian futhi umuntu kaCharles ithole nkulumo full. Kwalona isiqondiso isimo, noma izimfanelo zabantu abazi ajabulise abantu ukuzihlonipha. Engingakusho nje mayelana isidlaliso ukuthi abantu bagxeka Carolingian zokugcina, ukuba baqonde indlela ehlukile ababekuso ngukhokho okukhulu. Kuphela Louis, le ndodana encane kaCharles eyamlandela yakhe yokuqala, wajabulela uzwela abantu ngoba ukuzinikezela kwabo iSonto nobuKristu. Ukuze lokhu yena wethiwa the abangcwele. Ngezindlela eziningi, le Carolingians okugcina, kukhona nalawa afana Merovingian zokugcina (owayaziwa ngokuba yokungenzi yabo tuneyadnymi namakhosi lazy). Inzala Charles kwakungafanele kuze kube isifiso esikhulu. Bakhandwa izifiso beziphakamisa izibalo siqu, internecine ngokuxabana impi, hhayi Empire isibusiso. Ngale ndlela kwaba negalelo ekuchithweni nokwehliswa kwesithunzi isimo.

amasiko ezingahlangani zamaJalimane namaRoma

Esibonisa 3 kubangela ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo, futhi lokhu sivame ukubizwa. Kwamakhosi kaCharles, njengoba sishilo, kwazanywa ukuhlanganisa amasiko amabili aphikisanayo - zamaJalimane namaRoma. UMbusi balithanda umqondo okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, okuyinto edingekayo inhlangano ekhethekile zezombusazwe. Kwakudzingeka indlela usinamathelise lapho omunye uyakuthathwa zonke isebenze futhi ukukhonza ukufeza umgomo owodwa, kwenza. AmaJalimane babe Kuphinde sici isifiso ukuhlukanisa, ikakhulukazi ukuphila. Babelithanda umqondo inkululeko yomuntu siqu. Teuton bengaqondi amalungelo omunye, yena nje ngifuna ukuba inkosi endaweni yayo. Ayikho ubuhlobo, hhayi izidingo siqu ke, wayengafuni ukwazi.

ukwahlukana

Ukuqhubeka ukuchaza main 3 izizathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo kafushane, sifika eyesithathu. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi kwehlukana kakhulu okudalwe yilo umbusi wombuso. Izizwe zamaJalimane, akha ingxenye yayo, babengabafuni zihlakazeke. Okuxakayo ukuthi isimo ngomqondo esiqinile akakwazi ngokuthi umbuso ka-Charles. Phela, nabo basuke ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendawo indawo uhlalwe abantu zilawulwa umthetho owodwa, kukhona igama langempela, futhi konke kuhlobene izidingo ezivamile. Kwamakhosi noKarla Velikogo awuzange waphawula obunjeya. bakhona abazange bakha isizwe ehlukile. Akazange ngisho nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo.

Ngakho, simchazela izizathu ezintathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo. umphumela yabo elihlangene kuye kwaholela kulokho omunye kanye isimo isidlulile suschestovat.

umbono eGizo

Isidingo 4 kubangela ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo? wena-ke kufanele sibuyele ngokubona eGizo. Uyachaza kancane nzima ukuthi kungani kwaba kuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo. Umcwaningi uveza bona umqondo Lombuso ngezinye izikhathi bavikela amaJalimane ngokwabo. Guizot waveza ukuthi hhayi kuphela nezithakazelo kazwelonke wathumela ukulwela yakhe, kodwa futhi izibalo siqu kanye nemibandela womhlaba. Ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina, umcwaningi eveza kakhulu embonweni wokuthi isimo zezenhlalo nesimilo zabantu enkathini inikezwe wamelana iyiphi inhlangano, noma imuphi uhulumeni olunzulu kanye ngabanye. Abantu ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka umqondo kancane indlela eGizo uthi. Nalawo ayaziwa, ayiyinhle neze. kungagcini kakhulu futhi ezingavamile babeyizinceku nobudlelwano zomphakathi. Horizon zokuphila futhi umcabango kwakungelona ngaleso sikhathi ebanzi. EGizo uthi umphakathi omkhulu ngaphansi kwezimo enjalo ayinakwenzeka.

Ukwencika anda abantukazana

Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke izimbangela ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo. 5 izizathu bungabonakala, 4 esiye kuchaziwe. Kube zokugcina. Ekhulwini lesi-9 Ngokuwa Empire Carolingian ubephelezelwa hhayi kuphela internecine izimpi, kodwa futhi baseNorway Ukuhlasela. Kube isiphithiphithi, futhi lokho kwenza ukwencika abalimi, okwadingeka asebenzelane nosongo olukhulu kwempahla amaSulumane amaViking. Kuvele kwasendaweni kwamandla. Manje wagxila kwezinye izinqaba izindawo ezinezivikelo eziqinile ezikahle kulo lonke izwe. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela amnyama kwamandla amakhosi asendulo, waze hlabathi. Cishe kuyo yonke isimo ukusakaza izinkantolo ezinzima seigniorial phezu abalimi. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi eningizimu, lapho kunobufakazi ezijulile bashiya umlando ongeke endala, kade lingaphansi feodalizirovan. Kulezi zindawo kwakukhona amanye amagama yezikhulu, ababengebona ohlelweni amakhosi asendulo, futhi impahla. Futhi, kwakukhona isibalo esikhulu abalimi abazimele.

Lawa Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo, kafushane ebonakala. Kufanele ngikuxoxele indima kudlalwa emlandweni.

Indima Karl Empire

Empire, adalwe uKarl, wadlala indima wobunye esaba. Kubonakaliswa uqobo ngokuyinhloko kwamaZwe eYurophu. Western Europe kusukela ngo izimo ezinzima zokuphila yayo mlando. umnotho labhujiswa, kwehle kakhulu ezingeni impucuko, isimo esidala eyodwa labhujiswa. Yehlulekile umzamo ukuze ngivuselele wangaphambili uMbuso WaseRoma. amandla ombuso ngaphakathi imibuso ngabanye wahlala kuqhathaniswa ababuthakathaka.

Inqubo kwamazinyo Empire

umbuso uCharlemagne kanye nokwahlukana yayo - ngesihloko ukuthi kufanele kudalulwe ngokuphelele. Mayelana izwe kanye nezizathu nokwanda kwalo, sakhuluma. Ekuphetheni, amagama ambalwa mayelana nendlela inqubo nokwahlukana zenzeka. Wenza kusukela ngesikhathi kushona Charles, okwenzeka ngo-814, ngaphambi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11.

Le nqubo zenzeka kancane kancane. indima yabo kulo eyadlalwa ezahlukene izimbangela kuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo, okuyinto sibonile ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni wonke uMbuso Carolingian, bakha amaqembu ucishe ezinkulu, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo waba zithi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngaphakathi amaqembu alezi zinhlanga proiszoshlo kwehlukana ibe izingxenye zayo abamelwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sezizathu esiyinhloko wokugoqa yombuso uCharlemagne kwaholela yokuthi ngekhulu le-11 eYurophu isibe ezimboziwe nge inethiwekhi Holdings ezimele encane, ezixhunywe nomunye babe isixhumanisi ababuthakathaka. I ukufaka feudalism ezazikhona eNtshonalanga Yurophu cishe emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka futhi yasakazwa kubo bonke ubuhlobo umphakathi, isimo, kwezomnotho kanye nomndeni. Useye waba umphumela ngobukhulu komlando noqhekeko yokubusa kwamakhosi kaCharles.

Manje uyazi impendulo yombuzo othi: "? Yiziphi izizathu ngokuwa umbuso noKarla Velikogo" Sithemba ukuthi Ukwaziswa okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuwusizo kuwe.