Angiosperms - UMnyango flora. izici Jikelele kanye nokubaluleka

Uhlu lwazo zonke angiosperms, mhlawumbe, kumane nje akunakwenzeka. Yebo, bese unika igama kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile kakhulu ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu kuyoba nzima. Phela, lezi zitshalo baye eside yazuza ukubaluleka esisebenzayo, kanye nabameli babo zaziwa ngokuthi ezidliwayo, yezobuchwepheshe, zokuhlobisa kanye aklaba izitshalo. Yiziphi izimpawu uye umnyango Pokrytosemennye? izici Jikelele kanye ukubaluleka kwalezi izitshalo kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu. Masiqale.

umnyango Angiosperms: Biology

Zonke izitshalo imbewu babe inombolo yezici kwesakhiwo ezenza isinqumo sayo emhlabeni. Bonke uvele kwemvelo eziphilayo ngenxa lithathelwe ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo. UMnyango Angiosperms, ngokuvumelana taxonomy, uye wenza okungaphezu inkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu ezinkulungwane zinhlobo esikhathini esinikeziwe. Nakuba ngaphambili zabo - Umnyango Gymnosperms - eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela.

imphawu letibalulekile uMnyango angiosperms:

- khona nembali;

- kumiswa umbungu;

- ukuthuthukiswa umbungu ngaphakathi igciwane imbewu;

- kokukhulelwa double;

- khona imbewu lizungezwe pericarp.

Ithathwe ndawonye, lezi zici bese anqume izinzuzo, sibonga ngalo abamele uMnyango Angiosperms bakwazi ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke, njengoba ayeke kahle izimo izingxenye ezahlukene zezulu amabhande.

Gymnosperms futhi angiosperms: letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile

Kodwa emuva uyoqala ezintweni eziyisisekelo. Zonke izitshalo imbewu ehlangana ibe izingxenye ezimbili: Golo - futhi angiosperms. Amakhophi iqembu lokuqala taxonomic ikakhulu emelelwa Softwoods ekilasini. Lawa izitshalo nge predominance ifomu ekuphileni bok, ne uhlelo Thepha impande. Amahlamvu imelelwa amahlamvu amancane - izinaliti. Siyabonga kubo futhi yokubakhona resin Amapayipi, okuyinto ukuvimbela ngokweqile ukuhwamuka inqubo, lezi zitshalo ahlale siluhlaza kulo lonke zonyaka. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko sale ikhadi ukungabi izimbali, futhi kungakho izithelo. Imbewu ukuthi akuphi on esikalini Isigaxa evulekile, kungukuthi ivikelwe yini. Ngakho-ke, amathuba ukuthi ngeke ziqhume, kangako, ngoba izakhamzimba azanele.

umnyango Angiosperms ihlanganisa izitshalo lapho kwakhiwa imbali, futhi ngendlela efanele, futhi izithelo. Ngaphakathi lokhu imbewu isitho okuzala bavikelekile iyiphi imiphumela emibi imvelo, sekuqala ukufudumala futhi unikelwe supply ezidingekayo izakhamzimba.

izinzuzo

Angiosperms - UMnyango izitshalo ephakeme, okuyinto abe plus eziqondile. Ngaphezu Ukuvikelwa imbewu kanye kudalwa izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa umbungu kubo namanje emi zihlanganisa lithathelwe imbewu ukusakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, izithelo maple babe izindwani ezikhethekile lapho basuke kalula eyalo umoya. A Boll poppy ngokwayo crack uma sesivuthiwe, esakaza imbewu. Amnandi izihlahla zezithelo ukusakaza izilwane nizidle, futhi unekhemikhali ukudla undigested uhlala buqamama. Gymnosperms akudingeki izithelo. Ziyakwazi imbewu Izigaxa, okuyizinto neze izithelo. Lokhu amahlumela Ushintshe, abasebenzi indawo ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano imbewu. Ayikho isitokwe adingekayo ukuthuthukiswa embryonic izidakamizwa noma amadivayisi imbewu zisakaza futhi Izindawo awayona izitshalo.

Izici ngezigaba

umnyango Angiosperms ukuhlanganisa zombili lezi zigaba. Isici esiyinhloko besigaba - isibalo cotyledons e nombungu imbewu. ukuhlukana emkhayeni angiosperms - Single- futhi Dicotyledonous - unezinye izici.

UMnyango Angiosperms: isici jikelele monocots

UMnyango angiosperms, Monocotyledons ekilasini kuhlanganisa engaphezu kuka-600,000 zilwane. amafomu Life, ayibeka ngokuyinhloko utshani. Kodwa omunye cotyledon e nombungu imbewu kwabamele lesi sigaba zinezikhathi fibrous uhlelo impande, ukutholakala amahlamvu elula nge kuqondane and akuvamile - ne arc noma p-uhlobo venation. Cambium - side lendwangu zemfundo stem, e monocots ulahlekile izitshalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abazi akha iziqu ezinamandla. ekilasini monocots kuhlanganisa ezincane amayunithi eziningana ehlelekile - imikhaya.

Umndeni okusanhlamvu

Isici nobuntu konke okusanhlamvu kuba phambi stem eziyize. Ibizwa ngokuthi culm. Kwakheka stem ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi indwangu zemfundo sise ISIZINDA. Abamele emndenini kakolweni, rye, ibhali, ummbila, ukolo utshani kanye nezinye izitshalo. Esinye isici zokusanhlamvu kuyinto imbali engavamile, okuyinto iguqulwe ibe izikali Corolla. Isibalo stamens kuhluka kwemithathu kuya kweyisithupha, ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu. Okunjalo zimbali ezingavamile ziqoqwa e inflorescence - panicle eziyinkimbinkimbi noma indlebe. Esibelethweni ezakhiwe carpels ezimbili. amahlamvu sessile okusanhlamvu ngaphandle stem, nge venation parallel libe izingxenye ezintathu: sangasese, nesitsha ulimi ngqo.

Zonke okusanhlamvu bayigugu kakhulu izitshalo zokudla. Iningi lazo ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa okusanhlamvu, ufulawa, baking tinhlobo letehlukene isinkwa. Omunye abameleli okusanhlamvu umoba kuyinto.

Onion nomndeni Liliaceae

Isici sici amalungu omndeni kuyinto khona i komhlaba indlela yokuphunyuka ukuguqulwa - ama. Abaqukethwe supply izakhi, ngenxa yendlela lezi izitshalo angaphila kulo isikhathi okungekuhle. Chestnokov kanye amaliki abamele ejwayelekile omkhaya. Kodwa izitshalo lily lwakha ama, rhizomes ngezinye izikhathi. Tulip, prolesok, eseshumi, lily esigodini, gagea, fritillary .. Lezi zitshalo kukhona lesibonakaliso sokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphambi nokuqala kwenkathi eyomile abanasikhathi sikhule futhi ottsvesti. Khona-ke ingxenye yabo aboveground uyafa, kodwa isibani ngaphansi umhlabathi iphila kulo lonke sonke isikhathi ukhona abamele omkhaya Liliaceae.

Class Dicotyledons: izici isici

Siyaqhubeka ukubuka umnyango Pokrytosemennye, ogama amakilasi eyaziwayo. By the way, Dicotyledonous kukhona elikhulu kubo. Sinenkosi cotyledons ezimbili nombungu imbewu, thinta uhlelo impande, elula noma kwakwakhe ishiya ne pinnate, palmate noma arc venation. I cambium stem dicotyledonous elise - zemfundo Indwangu ohlangothini. Kuyinto ukwanda kwabo ukujiya. Ngakho-ke, lezi zitshalo libhekene eziphilayo, amakhambi, izihlahla kanye izihlahla. Umkhaya, okungokwendlela lesi sigaba baningi. Ngakho-ke, sizobheka kuphela ezinye zazo.

umndeni Rosaceae

Lokhu kufana nokuthi ayizinkulungwane ezintathu zezithelo izitshalo. Lihhabhula, pere, ibhilikotsi, iplamu, Quince, cherry, peach - kumane kungamanye ngabameli umndeni Rosaceae. Ziyakwazi kulula ukuhlukanisa kusuka kwamanye izici alandisa: imbali emihlanu membered kunothile stamens kanye perianth double. Inflorescence - ibhulashi noma plate. Futhi izinhlobo ezinkulu izithelo kuyinto drupe futhi apula. Lezi amasiko umuntu lisebenzisa ukudla futhi isagcine, ngoba ukunambitheka ezibalulekile.

leguminous

Le yunithi ehlelekile has elinye igama - uvemvane. Lezi zitshalo kukhona ngenxa imbali yazo isakhiwo, ogama amacembe ezihlukile futhi liyafana butterfly enamaphiko eligoqiwe. Kodwa okokuqala banayo namagama abo uhlobo izithelo - emabhontjisi. Kuyinto ezomile futhi kwembula ezimbili enezinto we umphetho. On ngamunye wabo imbewu zitholakala. Umndeni yizidakamizwa, uwoyela, okuphakelayo, ukudla nezitshalo Ornamental. nababamele ejwayelekile kukhona kabhontshisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, i-clover, licorice, umtholo, amantongomane nezinye izitshalo.

solanaceous

I amasiko eyaziwa kakhulu, emele ozala Solanaceae, ngaphandle izitshalo kwegama efanayo amazambane, utamatisi, ama-eggplant, upelepele kanye nogwayi. izimbali zabo nazo emihlanu membered, kodwa sepals kanye amacembe tho, futhi izinhlobo izithelo berry noma capsule. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho phakathi lezi imifino nezitshalo zezimboni, okuhlanganisa ugwayi kanye nogwayi. Kodwa nightshade Datura, henbane futhi Belladonna izitshalo ezinobuthi ukuthi kungabangela ubuthi kabi umzimba womuntu.

iklabishi umndeni

Le yunithi ehlelekile, ngokuthi ngale ndlela i-omele ejwayelekile kakhulu, yaziwa nangokuthi cruciferous. Into wukuthi imbali has amacembe ezine, wahlela okuphambene nomunye. Ngaphandle, kufana ukuma esiphambanweni. Ngaphezu izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene iklabishi zihlanganisa relis, itheniphu, isithombo, horseradish, lwesinaphi rapeseed.

Inani angiosperms ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu

UMnyango izimbali (angiosperms) isitshalo ngokuyinhloko kuba yingxenye ebalulekile cishe yonke imiphakathi, isixhumanisi ku eziwukudla, ngesisekelo ndaba oluhlaza organic.

Phakathi ukudla izitshalo Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kukhona umndeni okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, Rosaceae, cruciferous. Abaningi izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ekukhiqizweni kwe ukuthaka imithi. Lokhu licorice, lwebhece, valerian, tansy, wort iSt John sika, celandine. Izithelo nezitshalo eziqhakazayo unothile ngamavithamini, ikakhulukazi C. Le sitrobheli, amajingijolo, cranberry, rose asendle, garlic kanye no-anyanisi.

Akekho landscape namasiko akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ngaphandle nezitshalo eziqhakazayo Ornamental, phakathi lapho ezivamile rose, daffodils, dahlia, asters, petunias, daisy, iminduze, Tulips, nabanye.

izitshalo Ziningi uju. izimbali zabo ziye iphunga elimnandi kanye umpe olumnandi enye engase ihehe izinambuzane impova. Phakathi lezi zitshalo kungenziwa ngokuthi zinhlobo ezahlukene ngomuthi, umcako, nokunye okufana nokolweni.

Kodwa namanye indoda izimbali kusadingeka ukulwa. It ukhula pestiferous: kakolweni utshani, quinoa, ukuhlwanyela somkhaya, utshani barnyard nabanye. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo zawo anobuthi. Ngakho, uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, celandine kungabangela amajaqamba ezinzima futhi Dope - ukuhhema, Ukuntuleka ukwazi futhi delirium.

Izici umnyango Pokrytosemennye ezifakazela izinga labo okusezingeni eliphezulu yenhlangano elaliwavumela ukuthatha isikhundla okuholela ohlelweni isitshalo emhlabeni.