UTheodosius, inqaba Genoese. ezikhangayo Feodosia

inqaba Genoese - a eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo zokuzivikela, elakhiwa ngo Ephakathi ensimini ka idolobha like Feodosia (eCrimea). It yadalwa ekhulwini XIV.

Fortress Yakhiwa ukuvikela Republic Genoa Kafa - itheku elikhulu kakhulu eCrimea. Namuhla, phezu kwalelizwe Simakade itholakala reserve emlandweni futhi yokwakha.

izivakashi eziningi bathutheleka lapha ukuze bajabulele ukubukwa okumangalisayo izindonga lasendulo nemibhoshongo, ukuhogela Endulo, linqoba lapha futhi bazizwa emkhathini we Ephakathi. Ake ukubazi ne-mlando emlandweni walesi inqaba ngokubabazekayo.

Umuzi wasendulo Feodosiya. yizimbaxa

Feodosia (eCrimea) - idolobha elinomlando ukuthi emabhulohweni kwakhe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamakhulu amabili nanhlanu. Yakhiwa ku BC VI leminyaka. e. Izifiki ngesiGreki. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu IV BC baba ingxenye Bosporus isimo. Khona-ke uTheodosius futhi atholwe igama layo lamanje. It ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "yemfanelo esiyinikwe nguNkulunkulu."

Isifiso umuzi kwakubangelwa isikhundla salo evumayo yendawo khona eCrimea ahlukahlukene izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuhweba: uvolo, inhlanzi, usawoti, uju kanye nezinye izimpahla ezibizayo. ngokushesha kakhulu uTheodosius savela zibe olukhulayo ukuhweba zokuhlala futhi omunye izindawo eziyinhloko wenceku eCrimea.

Lapho Greece yawela labhidlika, idolobha isidlulile ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa uMbuso WamaRoma, ukuba Khazars, eMbusweni WaseByzantium. Kuze kube X leminyaka uTheodosius kwaba esibi. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amaRoma babe Ukuhweba yabo izimbobo, kuwusizo kakhudlwana ngendawo kuka eCrimea. Ukuncipha uTheodosius kwaholela kuphangwa futhi abanye izindimbane ayimizulane. Esikhathini XIII ekhulwini edolobheni yayingaphansi kokulawula iGolden zidlamlilo, futhi ke wathenga ngabathengisi Genoese.

isikhathi Genoese. Ukudala inqaba

Manje kubhekwe bachuma kakhulu emlandweni kwedolobha Kaffa (Feodosia). inqaba Genoese, ngasendleleni, lakhiwa ngesikhathi.

Qala izimbali akunakubangelwa cishe kuya maphakathi nekhulu XIII. abathengisi Genoese, langena woLwandle Olumnyama, wazibona izinzuzo okucacile bay wendawo. Kusayithi omuzi wasendulo benza settlement ukuhweba, ethiwa Kafa. Futhi sibonga nezivikelo enamandla waseConstantinople olawule bonke imizila zasolwandle eziya eMedithera kuya East.

Ngokushesha, Feodosiya Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko koloni Genoese eCrimea. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa ezibalulekile ukuba sendleleni ukuhweba isikhungo. Ngokusebenzisa uTheodosius emazweni European kwalethwa kusukela uboya East nokolweni, igolide namatshe ayigugu, zobumba kanye nezinongo. Kodwa umkhiqizo main futhi enenzuzo kakhulu, njengasekuqaleni, maye, wahlala izigqila eziningi.

Ngokuvamile, ngalesi sikhathi uTheodosius ke laliwumuzi ochumile. Labantu ke ababalwayo imiphefumulo ecishe ibe 70.000. Idolobhana has a yaseshashalazini kanye igatsha lasebhange, kubalwa zemali lalo.

Ukudalwa inqaba Genoese

Ngo phakathi XIV inqaba Genoese Yakhiwa ukuvikela Kafa. Kuyinto iphuzu nje kuphela egqamile kwezinhloso zenzuzo, kodwa futhi ukuziqhenya wangempela emzini Kaffa (Feodosia). inqaba Genoese waba ngowesibili ngobukhulu futhi enamandla kunazo zonke eYurophu. Laliqhele eningizimu edolobheni, ogwini Feodosia Bay. Yena kwakufanele nemigqa emibili yama-imishini ukuzivikela: enqabeni - inhliziyo inqaba - kanye yangaphandle okuyingxenye.

ipherimitha wayo olunezinombolo amamitha angaphezu kuka libe yizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Lalinama kwemibhoshongo engaphezu kuka amathathu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngamunye wabo waba igama lalo. Ngaphansi ezindongeni inqaba wawusegunjini emhosheni ezijulile, okuyinto alenzanga nje kwaba avikele umuzi, kodwa futhi sokukhipha amanzi olwandle.

Enqabeni yayakhiwe emithambekeni emaweni, okuyinto wadlala indima eyinhloko izakhiwo zokuzivikela. Indaba for indalo yayo wakhonza e-limestone, misela kusukela olwandle noma zisuka ezintabeni eziseduze. Ubude ingqikithi izindonga idlule 700 m usayizi yabo kwaba ngaphezu 11 m, ububanzi -. Cishe ababili. Enqabeni wawuseduze inxusa Palace, yengcebo zendawo, inkantolo, kanye izitokwe izimpahla ezibizayo ikakhulukazi - uboya, Silks, amagugu.

Futhi nakuba iningi lezakhiwo amakhulu amaningi eminyaka libhujisiwe, zonke izakhamuzi, inhlonhlo ye ngokuziqhenya ongamtshela lapho inqaba Genoese, njengoba sidalwe.

Ukuvinjezelwa inqaba kwezinhloko zamaviyo Golden zidlamlilo

Nge amandla cafe neqembu elilodwa zalesi sibhicongo kakhulu eYurophu. Sikhuluma umqedazwe isifo oqubuke e 1347 - 1351 iminyaka. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi Golden zidlamlilo ibutho, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Khan Dzhanibek, bazama ukuyibamba edolobheni yaceba futhi yachuma Kafa (Feodosia). inqaba Genoese, inothi lwenzelwe ngakho ezingase ukumelana nanoma imaphi kuhlasela. Tatar abakhwele amahhashi nje wayengekho bakwazi ukudlulisa okwenzeke esikhathini izindonga eziphakeme nemisele eqinile futhi ukukhuphuka phezu emseleni ezijulile amba phambi kwabo. Ngo Djanibek wahlala omunye ithemba - ukuthatha izakhamuzi yilapho zizithoba kuye. Ukuvinjezelwa amaMongol Genoese kungase kudonse izinyanga eziningi eCrimea, ukube bekungekhona ukuthi kudabukisa.

Ukushisa kwasehlobo futhi ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezidingo zenhlanzeko eziyisisekelo kakhulu, kanye ekuqongeleleni lenqwaba amasosha wayithukuthelisa Ukuqubuka kobhubhane phakathi amaRoma awuthatha. Khona-ke, ukuze wasithatha inqaba Dzhanibek ngaphambilini ukuze uthumele umzimba sabafileyo ngokusebenzisa izindonga. Emzini lo mqedazwe iqala. Eqaphela ukuthi kwenzekani, abahwebi abacebile Genoese (kwakukhona emzini abangaba yinkulungwane) ngasese kwesokunxele Cafu, waya endlini yakhe.

Izakhamuzi ezisele umzamo ngokushesha ushiye endaweni ethintekile, uphuthunyiswe ukuvula amasango futhi izinikele. Nokho, Khan Dzhanibek ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo yempi yakhe, akazange emzini, bamshiya, ngisho ivaliwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi Genoese esefike ekhaya, washiya nobulwelwe kuyo yonke imizi lapho stop kuphela. Umphumela Kwakwethusa lonke emlandweni waseYurophu lo mqedazwe, eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu futhi zabulala, ngokusho kombiko ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ikota ukuba nengxenye sebebonke zaleli zwekazi.

Ezinye emaphandleni nasemadolobheni ngokuphelele washiywa. Lolu bhadane kuchazwa imisebenzi eminingi tetemibhalo, kuhlanganise "Decameron" by Boccaccio.

inqaba Genoese ku xv - XIX eminyaka

Ekupheleni kwekhulu xv uTheodosius lathunjwa ibutho WaseTurkey. I-Turks abhubhisa umuzi wokuqala, bese kabusha futhi uqambe kabusha. Manje wabizwa Kef. Umuzi yaba ukuhweba port ye-Turkish. Lapha-ke wawusegunjini emakethe edume kakhulu lezinceku emhlabeni enyakatho Black Sea coast.

Ngo Ngo-1616 le nqaba ahlasela Zaporozhye Cossacks eholwa Petra Sagaydachnogo. Ngokushesha wanqoba ibutho lenqaba enamandla futhi bazidedela iziboshwa.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-XVIII uTheodosius ingeyamakhosi Empire Russian.

Ekhulwini XIX, enqabeni labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Futhi, Okumangazayo ngokwanele, isizathu salokhu kwakungelona impi futhi iJerusalema livinjezelwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ngangingazi ukuthi ngizokwenzani izinto ukwakha izindlu nezinye izakhiwo. Izakhamuzi kwadingeka ukuqaqa le nqaba medieval ukusebenzisa leli tshe.

Fortress ekhulwini XX

Ngo-1920, it ekugcineni kwaba namasimu amandla Soviet emzini. UTheodosius (inqaba Genoese kanye nalo), naphezu ekubhujisweni, waqhubeka egcina iminonjana amandla yayo yangaphambili.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ingxenye enkulu yedolobha, futhi nalo - futhi zaba yizincithakalo izinqaba lasendulo, labhujiswa amabutho aseJalimane.

Ngemva ubutha uTheodosius yazuza isimo resort. Amanxiwa ahehe izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke ezweni.

inqaba Genoese namuhla

Namuhla le nqaba is cishe balondolozwa. Konke okwakunikelwe besishiyile - futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu entshonalanga udonga enqabeni, a kwemibhoshongo ambalwa ahlakazekile kulo lonke idolobha. Futhi abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-walondoloza Kanti kwamanye amasonto, zokugeza Turkish futhi ibhuloho.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inqaba Genoese e Feodosia hhayi negama Sudak, kodwa namhlanje yizivakashi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izindawo kungukuthi ngaphansi wokubuyisela, futhi wakwazi ukugcina kweqiniso, umoya elingenakuqhathaniswa zasendulo Ephakathi. Futhi kungani Uyinqaba zikhanga kangaka Genoese. Traveller Izibuyekezo ibonisa ukuthi indawo emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele lapho ufuna ukubuyela ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Namuhla, cishe zingamaphesenti, wonke umuntu edolobheni bangazithola kalula ukutshela lapho inqaba Genoese. Tour ungaqala kusuka khona sesitimela endaweni zibuka umbhoshongo of Constantine iqhele khona. Ukuze uthole izinsalela enqabeni lasendulo Kulula kakhulu - nje ucele omunye isingezansi ibonwe obedlula ngendlela, lapho le nqaba Genoese.

Uyithola kanjani i-traffic? Ungathola khona ngo Shuttle №1 emakethe. Noma ungathatha uhambo - kuthatha esingaphansi kwesigamu sehora, kodwa zizohlala ejabulisayo. Ukuze udlulisele Gorky Street. Ngemva kokuphendukela kwesokunxele kakade futhi kuzobonakala enqabeni Genoese. Ngena ngemvume noma kunalokho, amasango ziye zalondolozwa kahle, kodwa ukuhlolwa kuhle ukuqala nge kwebhuloho omangalisayo, ngombono omangalisayo esigodini.

Fortress e Feodosia nezobuciko

Akhangayo ilanga Theodosia ukhangwa abantu abaningi abadumile. Kodwa wabancoma umdwebi edumile emhlabeni yayo, umdwebi zasolwandle Ivan Aivazovsky. Lapha Ngikhetha bangabeki Anton laseChekhov. Ngo Feodosia wahlala Osip Mandelstam futhi Aleksandr Grin. By endleleni, lapha it lalotshwa "Running on Waves" yakhe.

Okunye walondoloza eCrimea inqaba

Izinqaba e Feodosia - akusiwona nje inqaba Genoese eCrimea. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, abathengisi, efuna ukuba liyobamba ngokugcwele yezindlela zasolwandle, uqinise emadolobheni ahlukene. Omunye izakhiwo zokuzivikela enjalo ngasinda ngokuphawulekayo, futhi-ke izivakashi eziningi namuhla. Yini igama edolobheni lapho inqaba Genoese? Sudak.

Intengo Ticket in ruble imayelana 150-160. Nakuba kusukela ingxenye APC cishe akukho okuseleyo emehlweni enkosi, ukwakhiwa udonga futhi manje hit ubuhle baso futhi inaccessibility, umi ngokucacile ngokumelene isizinda bay. Fortress e Sudak, noma, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, e Sughd Yakhiwa kancane ngemva kwelokuqala Feodosia. Namuhla inqolobane nemvelo. Kungcono ukuya khona ngo-August - ngesikhathi esithile emboniselweni, olubanzi joust, kuze kube nini nanini isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.

Yini enye ukubona e Feodosia?

Citadel Medieval - lokhu ngokungangabazeki endala, kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuziqhenya Feodosia. Phakathi kwezinye ngokulinganayo enhle kungenzeka wazi igalari esiyingqayizivele emidwebo Aivazovsky, ethula umuzi mculi.

Enye indawo abadumile - indlu-Museum of the Green, lapho umlobi wayephila futhi wasebenza. Izwe ezimangalisayo yesayensi isebenza ukusungulwa ngesimo umkhumbi. Futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa ezikhumbuzo eziningi nemithombo, iminyuziyamu kanye izingadi ukuthi kuhlobisa ubuso lo muzi omangalisayo.

UTheodosius kuyinto enhle, kanye izinsalela walondoloza inqaba Genoese lasendulo. Isibhakabhaka esingachazeki lasendulo kwenza inhliziyo beat ngokushesha futhi kubangela ukwakheka isifiso angenakuvinjwa ukubuyela waleli dolobha elithakazelisayo.