Han Dzhanibek - a 'soft' umbusi waleli Golden zidlamlilo

Khans iGolden zidlamlilo kwahluka isitayela ezinzima phakathi kukahulumeni kanye nabezimboni unya ukuba ngisho nabantu osondelene nabo. Naphezu kwala maqiniso owaziwa, nokubusa Dzhanibek Khan ubhekwa esinokuthula kakhulu isimo-Mongolian, kanye Dzhanibek - indoda emnene. Ake sibone amaqiniso yomlando wakhe futhi uhlole nokuhlolwa imvelo yomuntu futhi umlawuli kusukela iphuzu umbono ngokuziphatha yesimanje.

biography

Khan iGolden zidlamlilo Dzhanibek (igama Tatar - Җanibәk) wayeyindodana yesithathu siyinzalo eziningana, ezinganikwa ezinye uyasala Uzbek. Njengezilwane eziningi phambi kwakhe, makahlale eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, yena walithulula igazi isihlobo zabo - wabulala abafowabo ababili abadala - noTini Beg futhi Khizr. Njengoba ubona, lokhu akusho elichaza ukuziphatha kwakhe esikhathini esizayo Khan njengomuntu futhi elalela umthetho. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo kuyoba ethambile emvelweni?

Khanate

Ngo 1342, waba umphathi Khan iGolden zidlamlilo. Ihlose Dzhanibek wabona sokuhlanganiswa wekuba sive kanye nokuqinisa yinye. Kodwa izindlela ukuthi wasebenzisa Uzbek Khan, okwabonakala kuye kuwukungabi ingase ingaphumeleli - yini lula kunaleyo ukugcwalisa ngegazi ulus engangeneki? Acebile kusukela kule abayi. Futhi Khan Dzhanibek wakhetha inqubomgomo ehlukile.

Uyaqhubeka kanzima ukubhekana izitha nabangane abazange bakholwe. Kodwa amacebo leBhodi Dzhanibek kwashintsha ngokuphelele. Golden zidlamlilo Khan isinqumo ukuheha inkolo. Naye kuyo yonke imikhawulo yama-zidlamlilo waqala ezulwini, amathempeli kanye madrassas. Waqhubeka eshumayela Islam futhi ukuletha Sesithombe yayo otolika Islam kanye suras engcwele. Islamization okunjalo ngenhlanhla akazange kuthinte ulus enyakatho futhi ayinazo ukuthonywa ngokungafanele phezu inkolo kwezakhamuzi zemibuso ubukhulu eMoscow.

Imininingwane ebhaliwe

Bomlando ushayele le Golden zidlamlilo Khan "Dzhanibek inkosi ekahle." Lokhu kugcizelela okuphambene yakhe ephelele uyise, owayebizwa ngokuthi emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke "esesabekayo Khan Uzbek." Empeleni, igama elithi "esibi" endulo kwakusho abanolaka, ezinolaka, nabangenaluthando. Uma iqhathaniswa nezinhloko-uyise omzalayo Khan Dzhanibek kubonakalé kukuhle ngempela.

amaziyo Metropolitan nge Khan

Naphezu kokwanda Islam, inkosi akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa oluqinisayo zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni emazweni Russian. Lapho-ke uqalisiwe ukwakhiwa kwamasonto zezindela, akukho ukushushiswa abapristi desecration we amathempelana Orthodox. Ngakho-ke, e-izincwadi esontweni phakathi nokubusa Djanibek libhekene omuhle.

Mhlawumbe lokhu "umsungulo" okusobala umbusi? Alas - kwaba nombono elula. Orthodox ubhekana indima umenzi wokuthula, futhi ukulishintsha kwakungadingeki ukuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu akufanele singayinaki womuntu futhi yomhlaba Ephakathi - ukholo kwaba kuye ukuphila ezibalulekile. Akufanele bathathe kude yizigqila ithoyizi yabo yamuva - ngakho wabonisana Dzhanibek, wabhekisa ubuso bakhe ukuya eningizimu.

Sihambe eRussia

Kuphela uhambo oluya emazweni esenyakatho Khan Dzhanibek ezithathwe 1347. nemizana ezithintekayo emzaneni eduze nedolobha Aleksin. Kuqhathaniswa ngendathane ezimpini nokubulawa, okuyinto njalo akhanyiswe izimoto Uzbek Khan, Dzhanibek isinyathelo nesizotha kakhulu. Umkhankaso encane kwenziwe ukubonisa amandla abo, hhayi ngokwesabisa abantu. Ingcindezelo nezingcindezi azidingeki - kuthiwa fresh kakhulu inkumbulo zonya nokubulawa ukuthi sezilungisiwe emhlabathini Russian Uzbek Khan namabutho akhe, kwaba intengo ekuvukeleni entsha iphakeme kakhulu.

Mhlawumbe lomkhankaso kuphela kulelilizwe Russian futhi wanikeza isisekelo eMoscow mlando ukunikeza 'soft' isici Khan Jani Beg. Lapho ebhekene eMoscow futhi ababusi engumakhelwane Dzhanibek ngempela wabheka umbusi myagkim. Kodwa kuthini mayelana nabanye abantu?

Ukushaywa Azerbaijan

Ngo 1357 Dzhanibek laqala umkhankaso nolaka ngokumelene Azerbaijan. Inani labantu base-kuleli zwe awanelisekile nezombangazwe yangaphakathi yezithunjwa zikamashiqela ingakwazi Malik Ashrefa. Le mashi grand yaphela nge ukunqotshwa kwamabutho kahulumeni ekuthatheni umhlaba. Dzhanibek Khan eshiya indodana yakhe Berdibek mbusi omusha ulus, futhi wabuyela zidlamlilo.

Ingcebo etholakala e-Azerbaijan, uhlamvu lwemali Janibek kwatholakala. Lokhu ngokungaqondile kuqinisekisa Kuzonyuka eside yayo eningizimu. ubufakazi ongaqondile isekelwa zemihla ngemihla futhi Umlando abahambi ezikhululekile.

Ukuwa kwe-Golden zidlamlilo

ukungabi Long kusukela eningizimu yezwe siye saba buthaka izintambo kokubusa mpo. Esikhathini zidlamlilo Golden waqala ayabila eyasongela ukuqeda ukuwa. Kodwa Khan Dzhanibek ayebuyele eziphambekweni zidlamlilo okungenamsoco futhi ayinaso amabutho ekulinganiseni isimo kuleli zwe. Ngo imithombo isiRashiya, kunobufakazi isifo ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuyinto wathinta Khan nonina - hanshi Tayduly. Moscow Metropolitan Alex efika e zidlamlilo wathatha iziguli okusezingeni eliphezulu ikhambi ekuguleni engaziwa. Taydula yokutholwa wedolobha futhi sibonga imithandazo yakhe belashwa. Dzhanibek waphikelela enkolelweni yakhe futhi akasidlanga Metropolitan. Ekugcineni, wafa ngenxa yalesi sifo ngo-1359. Nakuba eminye imithombo bathi akaphunyuki ukukhashelwa lendebe wabulawa indodana yakhe siqu.

Imiphumela

Ingabe Umlando ocebile yemvelo esithambile Djanibek? Ngeshwa, cha. Zazingayiqabuki kangcono futhi akukho okubi kakhulu ukwedlula abanye ababusi, ngaphandle ukuthi babekhetha esikhundleni unya ongenangqondo ka kude-sekuqhamuke singene kwezombangazwe. Ukuqinisa leSonto Lobu-Orthodox, ukuphila okunokuthula ngaphandle zahlasela (iminyaka engu-40 ukuthula), ohloselwe Golden zidlamlilo Khan eqinisa ukugeleza imali kanye nokuqinisa amandla akhe. Wafinyelela efanayo ukuthi kayise - isanda kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ezinye izindlela.