US sezulu. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo eNyakatho neMelika - etafuleni. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo-Ningizimu Melika

Cishe akukho muntu ongaphika yokuthi isimo sezulu-United States wehlukile ngempela, futhi kungaba kakhulu kangaka ezahlukene kusuka kwenye ingxenye yezwe ngakolunye, ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, Endizeni, willy-nilly, uqala ukucabanga ngokuthi isiphetho sakho kwenye isimo esishiywe dengwane. Kusukela iziqongo entabeni, ezifihliwe iqhwa amakepisi, indaba amahora indiza ungase uzithole ogwadule, lapho Cacti ikhule, futhi eminyakeni ikakhulukazi ezomile kungenzeka ukoma noma ukushisa okukhulu.

Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi isimo sezulu yaseNingizimu Melika naseNyakatho ngokufanayo, okusho basuke okuphindiwe efana isithombe esibukweni. It is hhayi ningi than luyize. Phela, niyabo, izimo zezulu, ikakhulukazi kohlaka Yonyaka, akhiwa hhayi kuphela kuye ngokuthi indawo yaleli zwekazi. A indima enkulu kule nqubo fanele futhi izimila zendawo, ukuba khona noma ukungabi imisinga abandayo kanye afudumele, ukuphakama izintaba khona ukucindezeleka.

Ngakho yini isimo sezulu e-United States iyonke? Lokho ongakulindela kusukela sezulu ngezikhathi ezahlukene? Zama ukuqonda ndawonye.

Isigaba 1. Ukwaziswa Okumayelana

Indawo enkulu e-United States babe nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu. Lapha ungathola izindawo cishe nawo wonke ukusebenza sezulu.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, nomthelela obalulekile US sezulu has zonke indawo ingxenye ethile yezwe.

Ukwakhiwa zonyaka sezulu uhlobo ngaphakathi zone kuncike nesimo sendawo, yolwandle nezinye izinto. Le ndawo eyinhloko isimo, etholakala eningizimu, itholakala zone nakwezifudumele, enyakatho selitulu Melika has zonke izici uhlobo ngokulinganisela.

Hawaii futhi South Florida kukhona ezishisayo, Alaska sezulu semvelo sawo ezindaweni ezibandayo Zomhlaba. Ithafa US foothill libhekene semi ehlane sezulu, kanye California coast - sezulu saseMediterranean. Plateau Omkhulu Basin kanye endaweni ezungeze itholakala endaweni sezulu eyomile.

By the way, neze ubani ongaphika yokuthi kuba nezimo uma isimo sezulu sisihle nendima enkulu e sokulungisa yaleli zwekazi.

Isigaba 2. US sezulu kanye izici lasungulwa

A nomthelela obonakalayo kwinani kwezulu has ukusakaza indiza emoyeni kwemali, ngokuletha umswakama kusukela North Pacific.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo sezulu eNyakatho Melika (Table 1) ahluka kakhulu ngenxa izici ezilandelayo ngenzasi.

umoya Wet nisela agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye-United States. Esikhathini ntshonalanga ngokuvamile lina, futhi lezi zindawo bengenayo seqhwa kakhulu ebusika. Ngo California, iningi kwezulu awe ekwindla nasebusika, ehlobo kuba iyomisa futhi ishisa kakhulu. Ngakho kubhekwe ukuthi isimo sezulu entshonalanga ye-United States ngokuvamile kufanele ngayo abasuka emaphakathi neRussia. Isimo sezulu lapha cishe azizange zishintshe, njengobe tikhatsi temnyaka ukushintsha kukhona ecacile neqondakalayo.

Ukuqonda yonke umswakama Cascade futhi eziNtabeni ZaseRocky, Sierra Nevada, futhi umphumela uba okuthiwa isithunzi imvula, esithinta isimo sezulu entshonalanga Elikhulu Plains.

By the way, akubona bonke uyazi kude ukuthi imvula-isithunzi nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni ukuvela Ukufa Valley futhi ezingwadule we Basin Omkhulu. Ngo ukusakaza ukushayisana jet nge imisinga nomoya eGulf of Mexico kuba khona izimvula eziyingozi eqinile futhi nokuduma. Kuye emoyeni mass lokushisa ushintsho kwenzeka. Kungase ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa.

Isigaba 3. Isomiso

kushisa nge kwezulu kancane enkathini ende kuholela isomiso, okuyinto e-United States - into njalo, futhi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Kodwa kakhulu, yebo, kuncike indawo eyodwa noma kwenye ingxenye yezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo sezulu eNyakatho Melika (Table 1), ukushisa has nomthelela esingaphansi lonke ensimini, kodwa namanje okubangelwa izinhlekelele leli zwe lithandwa ngokwezinga elikhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, isomiso phakathi 1931 no-1940, obizwa ngokuthi i-Uthuli Bowl, cishe wabhubhisa yonke amapulazi Omkhulu Plains. Kwembedumehlwana ezidlula enjalo Kuye kwaqashelwa e 1999-2004.

Kodwa nesomiso kokugcina okwenzeka e-California, kwaba izinto onamandla kunayo futhi lokhu kwaholela Ukoma kwemithombo Lake Folsom, lapho iminonjana komnikazi ligolide Kwatholakala. Kwezinye izindawo isimo esiphuthumayo kwathiwa. nesomiso kuye kwanciphisa imithombo yamanzi amadamu System State Water Project, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 abantu abasale ngaphandle kwamanzi.

Isigaba 4. tornado okubuhlungu kakhulu

US kuholela kunombolo neziphepho, okuyizinto sici sezulu isimo. Lezi neziphepho kubangele okungabantu kanye nempahla ukulahlekelwa. I isilinganiselo isexwayiso tornado inhlabamkhosi ekhethekile, nazo zonke izindlu ebekelwa yokukhosela. Isizathu ukuthi asemkhathini vortices ukushayisana afudumele futhi abandayo emoyeni mass. Kaningi kuna neziphepho zenzeka okuthiwa Tornado Alley, okuyinto esihlanganisa zindawo zemvelo zivamile.

Ngo-April walowo nyaka ngesikhathi Tupelo, Mississippi tornado wamshaya enamandla, kwashona abantu abangaphezu kuka-20 baye baba. Elementi lokusalela emuva nezinye US uthi, kwashona abayisithupha kwalimala inqwaba yabantu, imizi nalapho imizila yokuxhumana.

Isigaba 5 iziphepho e American

Hurricanes - into yemvelo, okuyinto evamile kuleli zwe. US sezulu ikhuthaza kumiswa yabo.

Ikakhulukazi abangenwa yilo inhlekelele izindawo ogwini olusempumalanga, Eziqhingini Hawaiian namazwe eningizimu akhelene eGulf of Mexico. Isizini isiphepho Uthatha June kuya ku-December. Igalelo main nesikhathi kusuka August kuya Okthoba. Iziphepho ezinhlanu ezinamandla kakhulu zihlanganisa: "uKatrina", "u-Ike", "Wilma", "uJohane" futhi "Charlie."

Umholi phakathi kwabo isiphepho "uKatrina". I element ekupheleni Agasti 2005 kwaba nokucekela phansi kunazo zonke emlandweni wase-United States. Onzima hit New Orleans eLouisiana. Angaphezu kuka 80% endaweni edolobheni ezazingaphansi kwawo amanzi, zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka 1,800, umonakalo kule nhlekelele zaba eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-125 aseMelika.

Isiphepho okwesihlanu 2008 kwakuyiyona nkathi "Ike", wamukela 4 esikalini esisuka ku-ingozi "Saffir-Simpson." Storm hit oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, i-isivinini somoya safinyelela 130 km ngehora. Lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona isiphepho wawusegunjini 1.150 km mpumalanga emzini Wilmington (North Carolina). Umonakalo kule nhlekelele zaba 30 bhiliyoni aseMelika.

Enough olunzulu ezingenanzuzo imvula enesivunguvungu kwaba yisiphepho "Wilma". Ngo-2005, kwaba umbuso wezwe wesithupha, waletha umonakalo. Amandla eyinhloko isiphepho idedelwa kwi Peninsula Yucatán futhi Florida. Ebulala abantu ababalelwa 62 futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho zaba 29 bhiliyoni aseMelika.

Isigaba 6. Izikhukhula e-US

izikhukhula eziningi zenzeka ngesikhathi yiziphepho ezinzima. Izici wokukhululeka US kuthinte kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kuduma izulu kusheshe ugcwalise umhosha futhi baphakamise izinga lamanzi. izikhukhula imbangela ingavuthi yezimvula ezinamandla, ngenxa okuyinto evame zenzeka kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kolwandle.

Izikhukhula ezinkulu iphutha ngoMeyi 2011, yena wayehlushwa isifo eziyisishiyagalombili US uthi. Izinga amanzi e eMfuleni Mississippi uvukile izikhathi eziningana, kuyanda zamanje. Disaster cishe wabhubhisa sedolobha laseNew Orleans. Ububanzi emfuleni e Tennessee liye landa izikhathi 6 waphuphuma endaweni enkulu. Phezu lomfula Cumberland kwaholela ekulahlekelweni ukuphila ngenxa yomonakalo impahla enkulu.

Isigaba 7. Ikuphi avame ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka?

Lonke endaweni agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye-Nyakatfo Melika Nobe libhekisela endaweni okuthiwa Pacific umlilo ibhande, lapho kukhona umhlaba uzamazama kaningi. Le ndawo ihlanganisa indawo kusukela e-Alaska aye eningizimu yeCalifornia. Ikakhulukazi nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo ku Cascade Ibanga ntshonalanga United States. Kodwa mlilo eHawaii, abadumile izintaba-mlilo zayo, akuyona yingozi kubantu.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba eziqine ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze kwenzeka muva e-Washington. Ukundindizela wazizwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12. Waba yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa Virginia. Awuzange ube umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa uma kube yiyo eshayeka kanzima wawusegunjini ngaphakathi ukuhamba ibanga kusuka Washington noma New York, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu impela. Izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba sikubiza kunyakaza ongaqondakali futhi ukuthola ekhathazayo.

Isigaba ushintsho 8. Climate

Njengoba singabona kusukela kwaziswa ngenhla, izinhlobo sezulu eNyakatho Melika zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa akakwazi ngokuthi esitebeleni. Kungani? Iqiniso liwukuthi kusukela ngonyaka ochwepheshe waphawula izinguquko ezinkulu ngonyaka.

Ngakho, izifundo ice zinhlayiya emoyeni luye lwabonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe CO ₂ emkhathini liye landa ngamaphesenti angu-40%. Ngokusho ososayensi, lokhu kungenxa izinto ezenziwa abantu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi CO ₂ liyisici abamelwe lomoya, umuntu kusukela ezimbiwa phansi uphethiloli amandla omlilo ona yemvelo carbon umjikelezo futhi isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona yayo ukuwa ngoLwesithathu. Okweqile CO ₂ okuqukethwe esikhathini esizayo kungaholela ukwanda lokushisa hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi ezweni kodwa futhi wonke umhlaba ebusweni iyonke.

Kuqhathaniswa zokugcina eyishumi kuyanda ngesilinganiso lokushisa kancane. Kodwa lesi simo asisho negate ezinye izinguquko global e lokushisa izinkomba.

I Ukushisa a degrees ambalwa kungaba imbangela sína alamu. Ngisho ukuphambuka encane kuthinta ushintsho sendawo lokushisa kanye kwezulu, kanye nekwenyusa linani lalabo extreme sezulu imicimbi.