Ibhayisikili Vintage. Umlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa ibhayisikili

ibhayisikili Vintage ngesikhathi esisodwa kuye kwasusa umgoqo e umkhakha encane ezokuthutha. eyasungulwa kuthiwa wenziwa abantu abahlukahlukene. Kukhona inguqulo uqagula ne drive iketango pair of amasondo zingezikaJehova uLeonardo da Vinci. I-patent ngoba kokusungulwa e 1814 wathola German Baron Karl von Dresen. Model abenziwe ngokhuni babengenalo eselishova ukugibela, kwakudingekile ukuze ibenze enyaweni zakho phansi. Kukhona umbono waphansi enjalo idale ingcweti Russian efim Artamonov (engu-14 ngaphambi nozakwethu German), kodwa sasingawohloki lobunikazi. Kulokhu, libhayisikili zaziqhamuka amakhilomitha angaba 5000, futhi ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Umklami eJalimane Dresen idale ngo-1817 ibhayisikili elidala, okuyinto empeleni kwaba isikuta lokhuni ifakwe isondo esihlalweni kanye eziqondisa. Ukusungulwa yaqanjwa umdali "railcar". Leli gama isasetshenziswa maqondana ezinye imishini self ezinezinjini.

Esikhathini forties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, idivayisi ngaphansi sesimanje, sibonga imizamo Kirk Patrika Makmillana (Scottish wensimbi igazi). Ubani eyaphathelaniswa ibhayisikili ngaphandle eselishova ifakwe metal izinduku eqondiswa isondo elingemuva. Nabo kwakunokwenzeka ukukhiqiza imoto siyahamba yimilenze. Umshayeli elise phakathi kwesondo front futhi bakhulise, ukulungisa isiqondiso kokusebenzisa izimoto, uxhumana ngaphambili usebe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi unjiniyela Thompson ngokushesha wanikela amathayi inflatable, ngaleso sikhathi akazange ukuthola udumo, ngenxa yokungapheleli kwabo lobuchwepheshe. ekukhiqizweni amabhayisikili nge eselishova futhi amakhamera waqala ngemva 1867.

ukuqhubeka

Igama ibhayisikili wathola sibonga Pierre Michaud, ngubani enelungelo lobunikazi isinyathelo drive zifakwa ngaphambili isondo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwaba imodeli ezidumile "penny-ngendibilishi", ngakho okuthiwa by Isifaniso diameters zezinhlamvu zemali ukuze nomunye (esingaphansi ngendibilishi penny). Ihamba efakwe front wheel ezinkulu. Isihlalo wawusegunjini phezu kwabo. Njengoba imoto enjalo iye sigudluke maphakathi gravity, ibhayisikili nge front wheel esikhulu kubhekwe ukuguqulwa ngempela eziyingozi, ugibele okuyinto yafuna ukunakwa nokulinganisela umgibeli.

Enye kule divayisi baba ngamabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu imodeli ngokushesha udumo yazuza. Esigabeni esilandelayo ngebhayisikili angabhekwa ukusetshenziswa isondo lensimbi spokes yangaphakathi. yasungulwa olunjalo luye ehlongozwayo 1867 by Edward Cowper. Nje kweminyaka embalwa imoto ifakwe uhlaka, futhi ngasekupheleni kwawo-70 kwakukhona drive chain (umsunguli - eyiNgisi Lawson).

Ukuphela kwekhulu le-19

Esikhundleni penny-ngendibilishi futhi onobuhle efanayo ukuza ibhayisikili, ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza zokuguqulwa yesimanje. He khiqiza ingcweti wakhe wesiNgisi Dzhon Kemp Starley ngo-1884. Le moto okuthiwa "Umzuli» (Rover). Emva kwezinyanga ezingu 12, ukukhiqizwa serial yale nguqulo. Iyunithi waba ukudluliswa uchungechunge, ububanzi efanayo amasondo, esihlalweni somshayeli babeqhuba ephakathi phambili usebe labaqaphi elingemuva. Esikhathini esizayo, inkampani Rover waqala ukwenza izimoto nezinye izimoto, kuze 2005, wabe eseya ungeke uzithole usuwile.

Ngo-1888, unjiniyela Scottish uJohn Boyd Dunlop amathayi okuphakanyiswe kusukela iraba kuyinto ethambile futhi ngokunethezeka. ikhamera Esinokwethenjelwa eqhathaniswa nozakwabo iraba, ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda. Uma ibhayisikili vintage kuqhathaniswa "elihambayo isixwayisi" amathambo, manje sishayisene baba seziyashelela futhi kulula.

inkathi Golden

I zezimbali ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa ezimbili ezinamasondo okungezona ezinezinjini kubhekwe eminyakeni 90 yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Lokhu kungenxa kusungulwa isinyathelo ukubopha kanye Wheeling kudivayisi khulula, esangenza hhayi abawashova ngokungadingekile. Ngokushesha kwafika ukubopha uhlangothi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezinkulu zaqala kamuva.

Okokuqala ibhayisikili ukusonga uhlobo wawenziwe ngo-1878, futhi kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo yasungulwa aluminium izakhiwo. A imoto ihamba, okuyinto zingasuswa endaweni amanga noma behlezi, yasungulwa ngo 1895. Lokhu ukuguqulwa ibizwa ngokuthi "rikambent". ukukhiqizwa yayo mass eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokwethula inkampani wahlanganyela "Peugeot".

Kushintshe ini ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20?

Ancient ibhayisikili lokhuni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, wanyamalala kudala. Ngo-1915, kwakunabamemezeli onobuhle ifakwe phambi kanye nokumisa labaqaphi elingemuva. injongo yabo eyinhloko - ukusebenzisa izidingo yebutho Italy. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, avele idivayisi nithela ibhola uhlobo, ihabhu multispeed, elihambayo inhlangano indlela, umlamuli Isivinini ngoba idrayivu chain steel ipayipi nge ukubopha unyawo.

gearshifts Okokuqala gade banesono. Ogibele ezingemuva isondo sprocket ekhethekile nhlangothi zombili. Ukushintsha ijubane, kwakudingekile ukuba ayeke imishini, susa futhi ujike isondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukulungisa isikhundla futhi yobunzima kwe-circuit.

Umlando wanamuhla ukuthuthukiswa libhayisikili

A igiya kwamaplanethi elinikeza sibonelo yedivayisi shift yesimanje yasungulwa ngo-1903, kodwa ukusabalala kwaba cishe iminyaka engu-30 kamuva. A ukuguqulwa yakamuva kakhulu inkinobho yokudluliswa eyenziwe lo muntu owayegibele ibhayisikili Italian Tullio Campagnolo (1950), kamuva owaba i-nomkhiqizi velomashin owaziwa.

Ngonyaka 74th kwekhulu elidlule, kukhona onobuhle emabhayisikili eyenziwe titanium, ngemva kwesikhashana - carbon fiber. ikhompyutha Special ukulandelela umthwalo imingcele, velocity isikhathi, yaphuma ngo-1983.

Vintage ibhayisikili ube impumelelo, ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezinto zokwelapha. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwaba udumo engazinzile ubuchwepheshe kubhekwe. Lokhu lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa imoto umkhakha nokusungulwa mopeds, izithuthuthu. Fashion for velomashiny reappeared, sibonga kakhulu ukuba ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokuvikelwa isimiso semvelo. Imoto main manje kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ibhayisikili izakhamuzi amazwe aseYurophu. Abasebenzisi amaningi asebenzayo abhekwa izakhamuzi Denmark naseNetherlands. Isilinganiso Dane ugibele ibhayisikili azungeze 900 amakhilomitha ngonyaka, isakhamuzi Netherlands - 850 km. EJalimane futhi Belgium, babengamaphesenti angu-300. imishini Ngaphansi isetshenziswa Southern Europe. Ngokwesibonelo, yaseSpain isilinganiso Onqobayo wakhe amakhilomitha 20 kuphela.

Izici

izinqubomgomo Uhulumeni emazweni ahlukahlukene, kuhloswe ngaso asathuthuka velostroeniya ivumela popularize lolu hlobo ezokuthutha, ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo yomphakathi, niqondise ezitaladini lemcoka yokudlula esiminyaminyeni sezimoto futhi alondoloze imvelo. Ngo eChina, eNdiya nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ibhayisikili kubhekwa iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha. Lokhu kungenxa maneuverability yayo emigwaqweni emincane kanye ukuyikhokhela. Kube khona izindaba ukuthi iziphathimandla kungavunyelwe ukunyakaza ngalolu hlobo ubuchwepheshe, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ezithiya ukudlula izimoto. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Shanghai (2003) wawuvinjelwe khona izinyanga ezimbalwa.

ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo

Ngezansi kukhona ezinye amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo eziphathelene emlandweni amayunithi ezimbili ezinamasondo ngaphandle izinjini:

• Hamba ngaphandle eselishova yasungulwa 1814, wenziwe ngokhuni, abahamba kuwo kungaba, kusukela ezinyaweni umhlaba.
• Eyokuqala ibhayisikili uhlanga owawusedolobheni nedlelo Paris (ibanga kwaba angu-2 ku-1868).
• I-Russian mass imodeli nge chain drive kwaqala ukubonakala ngo-1880.
• A impumelelo esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni we ibhayisikili wafika ngo-1884. A wezilwane waseScotland Dunlop yasungulwa ithayi elimpontshwayo. Ekuqaleni, wazama usigcwalisa amanzi, kodwa iyehlisa isivinini. Khona-ke, umsunguli yashaya air futhi yasungulwa valve akhethekile ekuvimbeleni emuva okukhipha ingxube.
• The main nomkhiqizi ibhayisikili zanamuhla China, ngoba iqukethe iningi izindawo (mayelana 95% ukukhiqiza).

nenqubo yokukhethwa

Lapho ekhetha ngebhayisikili kufanele bacabangele eziningi nemingcele. Okokuqala, kumelwe unqume on the indawo ukunyakaza main (idolobha noma umgwaqo ezweni). Okwesibili, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yobudala kanye ocansini yomnikazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzimele kumele ifane ubude nesisindo lomuntu. Ikhumbula zonke lezi zici, ungakwazi sithathe ubuchwepheshe ezimbili ezinamasondo, ukuhlinzeka ukuphepha, ukwethembeka nangenduduzo ukunyakaza.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ibhayisikili zanamuhla?

amathathu Vintage manje ungathola kuphela emnyuziyamu. kumakhophi Modern zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

1. imodeli Intaba. Ziklanyelwe ukuhambisa ezindaweni, ezintabeni futhi endleleni. ukulungiswa qualitative yalolu hlobo abhekwa ethandwa kakhulu, ethembekile, eqinile futhi iqine. Ezinye izinguqulo anemisila yebhangqa ukushaqeka wezinciphisi (iziphanyeko amabili). Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule moto ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho konke ukwehlukahlukana avamile, kubonisa ukusebenza best uma ushayela ezindaweni engalingani.
2. Road Racing amabhayisikili uthayipha. Lezi amasondo ukulungiswa kulula abe ubukhulu emikhulu ngamathayi emincane. Imodeli ifakwe phansi isondo, okuvumela umshayeli ukuba bamukele i isikhundla sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, kanjalo ngcono ukusebenza ngesivinini.
3. ezahlukeneyo ezixutshiwe. Lezi emabhayisikili hlanganisa izimfanelo best of analogue okungenhla, kuhloswe ukushayela aphume edolobheni futhi kuwo, cha sondelana amalungu izinhlanga ezemidlalo.

yi

Kutfutfukiswa ngebhayisikili ubuchwepheshe kwenzeka ekhulwini angaphezu kwelilodwa. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa nokudalwa kule divayisi yahanjelwa eziningi abaqambi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla. Ngenxa yalokho, libhayisikili ayizange ukuzijabulisa nje, futhi imoto egcwele.