Wonke umuntu kumele bazi: GDP - okungukuthi

Iningi labantu abafunda zabantu eziye zafunda nakwezomnotho Yiqiniso, ukwazi GDP - kuba. Injongo yalesi sihloko - ukuba uthuthukise kuzo ngokuphathelene ukubaluleka kwalesi elithile umsebenzi isimo umnotho. Mina wamethula ezomnotho isayensi ongowokuzalwa Pinsk (Minsk Isifundazwe) Saymon Smit Kuznets, oyisazi sezomnotho American, owawina 1971 Nobel Prize. Wadala kubo sibalo (e anglyski GDP) siphakamisiwe ukusetshenziswa ngo-1934. He is ethembisa, manje kusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ingqikithi kwezomnotho we-GDP (i-GDP)

Yini engase ishiwo yesimo somnotho we-GDP? Kuyini iqoqo eyenziwe kusukela ngonyaka esifundazweni izimpahla kanye namasevisi, uzwakalise ngemali yasemakethe yabo. Ngamafuphi nje, kungcono ukuthi ngonyaka ezweni ukhiqiza. Bala izinga amafomula ezikhethekile ngezindlela ezintathu: phezu value added imali, izindleko.

Ukuqala ingxoxo mayelana nendlela makroekonomichnogo lokhu ipharamitha, khumbula ukuthi libonisa indlela Dynamics le okuzisholo we-GDP (bala - e amanani nyaka) kanye GDP yangempela (ngamanani ngonyaka odlule). Kusobala ukuthi lesi sibalo langempela, njengoba kuqhathaniswa okuzisholo, uma singazinaki isici emali, ikhombisa ukukhula komnotho ngokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa.

Isilinganiso (njengoba ingxenyenamba), lapho numerator - the okuzisholo, kanye zihilela - real, ibizwa ngokuthi i-deflator-GDP, esetshenziswa iziphathimandla kwezibalo ngokuzeleko ekuhloleni ukukhiqizwa emnothweni.

Eseqedile impendulo yombuzo othi: "Le ndlela yokwenza GDP - okungukuthi," abonisa ezimbili izinhlobo nemingcele: bezikhali (uma kukhiqizwe yemisebenzi ezimweni umsebenzi wasikhathi) kanye langempela (unrounded, vivo). Bona, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, libhekene "ukuphepha wekhasi."

Dynamics GDP Russian

Ngokusho idatha sezikhulu Rosstat, ngo-2013 osedonsa eqhathaniswa odlule ngonyaka nokukhula kwe-GDP waseRussia. Isizathu - the ukwanda emhlabeni wonke izinkinga zezomnotho, futhi ngenxa yalokho - Ukuwohloka kwamanani kawoyela. Kusho ukuthini lokhu, ngokuvumelana nokwaziswa? Nqaba e nokukhula kwe-GDP uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule - kusuka 3.4% kuya 1.3%. Ukukhuluma ngokuya ngokuphelele, khona-ke ngo-2013 i-GDP okuzisholo zaba 66 689 isigidintathu ruble. Ngokusho le nkomba, emnothweni Russian - lesihlanu emhlabeni. On imiphumela 2013 oguduka kakhulu kule eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho ukuthuthukisa ezolimo namahlathi - 3.2%.

isiphetho

Lokhu Macro kwezomnotho ngokuya elingaphezu kukahhafu, alibonisi yini uhlobo umnotho kuphakamisa ke. Ukuze sithole lokhu, kudingeka uhlaziye imininingwane yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu yangaphakathi. Uma sicabangela isabelo GDP waseRussia ku ezihlukahlukene izimboni, siyabona ukuthi uwoyela negesi ukwenza kube 28-30%, kanye ne-engineering imikhiqizo - ngaphansi kuka-5%. reserves - isobala. Ngenxa predominance ukukhiqizwa izimboni eyinhloko okuzisholo GDP sincike Russia kwamanani kawoyela kanye negesi yemvelo. Izibikezelo yentuthuko umshini wokwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi yezwe - iyathembisa. Bona usimamise izinga layo okuzisholo, kuyoba kungayinaki emakethe ekushintshashintsheni amanani impahla eluhlaza. ukuthuthukiswa komnotho Ngaphezu kwalokho kufanele kuholele ukwanda share imikhiqizo zobunjiniyela. Esikhathini esizayo, uchungechunge lwezihloko, imininingwane ephendula lo mbuzo: "-GDP, okuyinto" - kuzoqhutshekwa.