Izinhlobo umnotho. izici

Faka kusigaba imihlola yesayensi bekunzima ngokwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uzokhetha izici ngokwahlukana ngeke kakhulu zincike ubuqiniso nempumelelo yayo. Ukuze ukhethe izinhlobo umnotho izindlela zesayensi zanamuhla zisebenzisa izimpawu ezahlukene. Njengoba izindlela synthesis kanye kwebalingisi of ukulima, zikhona eziningana, futhi ngeengaba kuyoba impela eningi.

Indlela izinhlobo zezimiso kwezomnotho

Ezingeni Abstraction lapho sicabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho kanye nokusebenza kwabo kwaba ngaphezu eduze izinqubo zangempela ezenzeka empilweni yomphakathi kanye nomnotho, kufanele ucabangele izizathu lapho ihlukaniswa.

Ngokuhambisana ifomu akhona kwezomnotho ukwaba izinhlobo umnotho kanye ukuhweba nge hlobo yemvelo zokwenana. Uma thina uhlukanise izinhlobo isimo umnotho kwifomu eziyisisekelo ubunikazi, abelwe umphakathi, yangasese, izinhlobo ngokuBambisana zomphakathi kanye okuxubile yokulima.

Ngu indlela izenzo control abadlali kwezomnotho ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo eziyisisekelo, kokubili emakethe wendabuko, izindlu isimiso. Kuyinto owande kakhulu ngezigaba. Kwethulwa ngu izinhlobo zezimiso kwezomnotho kanye nezici zabo isithombe ngokugcwele izici evulekile kwemnotfo emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule.

Okunye Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlobo zezimiso kwezomnotho

Uma thina acabangele umbandela we indlela distribution ingeniso, ungakhetha uhlobo zokulinganiswa ohlanganyelwe, ne ukusatshalaliswa engenayo ngokuhambisana umhlaba, nokusabalalisa imali ngokuhambisana izici zokukhiqiza, ukusatshalaliswa lemali zomsebenzi input.

Ngokusho uhlobo kokungenela uhulumeni ukuhlukanisa khulula, ube nesandla esivulekile, ithimba zokuphatha, izindleko elawulwa futhi okuxubile izinhlobo umnotho. Futhi ngokuvumelana nenqubomgomo ukuhileleka umnotho womhlaba bungabonakala yokukhulumisana ivulekile futhi ivalwe izinhlelo.

Ngokwe-degree of ukuvuthwa kohlelo zihlukaniswa ezisafufusa, yathuthukiswa, izinhlobo ovuthiweko eyonakalisayo yesimo sezomnotho.

I bendabuko ngezigaba izinhlelo

Ezincwadini wanamuhla waseNtshonalanga, kukhona ngezigaba ezivamile, equkethe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezintathu kuphela indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho. Imibhalo K. R. Makkonnella futhi SL Brue isehlane izinhlelo ezifana bendabuko, emakethe futhi umyalo uhlobo umnotho.

Nokho, emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule emhlabeni, kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi ngaphezulu nohlelo lokuphatha. Lezi zihlanganisa emakethe umnotho nge khulula umncintiswano (okumsulwa capitalism), emakethe umnotho yesimanje (capitalism, khulula), bendabuko kanye nezokuphatha-umyalo uhlelo.

Leyo mikhumbi ethulwa kukhona ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene zentuthuko yomnotho emazweni ngabanye. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo izinhlelo kwezomnotho kanye nezici zabo kufanele kubhekwe ngesisekelo lezi zici.

capitalism okumsulwa

umnotho Market, umncintiswano samahhala, kwakheka ekhulwini XVIII. futhi ababange besaba khona emashumini eminyaka yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili. abaningi kakhulu izici zalesi simiso wangena emakethe umnotho yesimanje.

Izici ehlukile capitalism oluhlanzekile ubunikazi yangasese kwezinsiza utshalomali, indlela yokulawulwa ezingeni Macro kusekelwe mncintiswano khulula, eziningi abathengi kanye nabathengisi, okuyinto isebenze ngokuzimela ensimini ngayinye. Isisebenzi sikaHulumeni bese usomabhizinisi asebenza njengama- agent alinganayo wezomthetho ubudlelwane emakethe.

Izinhlobo emakethe umnotho kuze IKHULU lamashumi amabili kunqunywa ukuthuthuka komnotho kanye intengo emakethe. Lolu hlelo wazibonakalisa nezimo kakhulu, uyakwazi ukulungisa ezingokoqobo ukusebenza ubudlelwane kwezomnotho nasemphakathini.

capitalism yesimanje

Lamanje emakethe umnotho kwavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. isikhathi yentuthuko okusheshayo revolution kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi nale nkathi, isimo waqala ngenkuthalo nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kazwelonke.

Ukuhlela ubonwa njengenhlangano ithuluzi kahulumeni elawula umnotho. Lezi zinhlobo Economics ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ulungise nokushintsha izidingo emakethe. Ocwaningweni emakethe amadili nge ububanzi begodu nesakhiwo imikhiqizo, kanye isibikezelo nezindawo eziseqhulwini STP.

Izinkampani ezinkulu futhi isimo waqala ukwaba izinsiza sokuthuthukiswa isici womuntu (ezemfundo, ezempilo, imisebenzi yomphakathi). Isimo emazweni asethuthukile namuhla uqondisa-40% of ngokwabiwa kwemali ukuze nokulwa nobuphofu. Ukuqasha Izinkampani obakhathalelayo abasebenzi babo, ukwaba uxhaso lokwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenza kanye nekuvikeleka kwetenhlalakahle abasebenzi babo.

Uhlelo yendabuko ukuphathwa

Emazweni kwezomnotho ngaphansi athuthukile alondoloze uhlelo kokusebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla ubuchwepheshe emuva. Ngo kwamanye ala mazwe ubuswa amafomu yemvelo-ndawo ukusatshalaliswa umkhiqizo wadala. Izinhlobo ezinkulu emnothweni emazweni ampofu e emkhakheni wokuphathwa kusikisela ukuba khona inani elikhulu amabhizinisi amancane kanye nezimboni. Lokhu iqoqo ongumlimi wezandla amabhizinisi. A indima enkulu emnothweni lala mazwe dolobha angaphandle udlala.

Emphakathini, ethwele Lwebulungisa kwezomnotho yokuhlela Ibaluleke amasiko, amasiko, amagugu zenkolo, lombhalo division nezinye izinto ekuvimbela intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe.

State redistributes ingeniso kazwelonke ngokusebenzisa isabelomali. indima yalo iwukuba okhuthele, njengoba kuyintando kuhulumeni inike izimali ukwesekwa kwezenhlalo zingxenye empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu.

uhlelo Administrative-umyalo

Lolu hlelo ibizwa ngokuthi isimiso sezomnotho eyodwa. ukubusa kwakhe enwetshiwe ngaphambili eMpumalanga Yurophu, kwamanye amazwe Asian kanye e-USSR. Lokhu isimiso sezomnotho namanje ukubizwa ngokuthi eyodwa. It libhekene ubunikazi kwezenhlalo, okuyinto empeleni kuyinto uhulumeni, zonke izinsiza zezomnotho, bureaucratization komnotho, ukuhlela zokuphatha.

I eyodwa isimiso sezomnotho osebenza kweso ngqo cishe lonke ukukhiqizwa kusuka isikhungo esisodwa - amandla. UHulumeni ulawula ngokuphelele ukusatshalaliswa imikhiqizo kanye ukukhiqizwa. Kuyinto monopolization kuzo zonke izindawo emnothweni. Ngenxa yalokho we okusithiyayo intuthuko yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni lobuchwepheshe.

Kulesi simiso kwadingeka izilungiselelo zalo siqu ethize kumaGreki. Bachaza inqubo uhlela umthamo kanye nesakhiwo ukukhiqizwa kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthemba ngqo abakhiqizi. I abahleli emaphakathi kunqunywa isakhiwo nezidingo jikelele sabantu. Zibone kusengaphambili izinguquko izidingo ngezinga elikhulu kangaka akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangabezana sakugcina iningi labo.

isimiso sezomnotho ezixutshiwe

Isimo samanje emhlabeni lingenzeki noma yiluphi uhlelo kokuba izici uhlobo olulodwa kuphela inhlangano kwezomnotho isimo. Lolu hlobo iziqondisi. Lubonakala ngokuhlanganisa indima zokulawula yezwe ngaphansi kwesimo ukuzimela zezimali zokukhiqiza.

Uhulumeni kulesi simiso lucwaningo antitrust, intela kanye nenqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle. Isimo isekela ibhizinisi okuqondene ke, kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha, sezemfundo nezamasiko. Inqubo kahulumeni ephathelene kuhloswe ekuvimbeleni abangasebenzi kanye nezibhelu ezilandela lokhu. Ukhuthaza ukuzinza kanye nokukhula komnotho.

Yini embi ngalo kohlelo ethulwa ukungabi onobuhle jikelele yentuthuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa amatshe, ngokuhambisana specificities kazwelonke.

Njengoba izinhlobo zamanje, ezasendulo nezamanje yomnotho, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngezici zazo emihle nemibi. Lokhu kuzovumela sifinyelela iziphetho mayelana nokufaneleka yenhlangano imisebenzi kwezomnotho isimo ngasinye. Ukusebenzisa izici ezinhle wesistimu ngamunye, uhulumeni ukuphatha kangcono umnotho wamanje kanye isikhathi okuhleliwe.