Umnotho eJapane

Japan - ezweni elise-East Asia. Esisogwini 4 ezinkulu iziqhingi (Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku futhi Koshu) futhi eziningi ezincane, eseduze nale ndlela. Insimu yezwe - mayelana 372.200 Amakhilomitha square Labantu - mayelana 122 million, phakathi kwazo ezingama-99% ubuzwe Japanese. Inhloko-dolobha ye lizwe - Tokyo (abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-12).

Japan kuyinto ohlanga eliholwa kombusi, kodwa ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo ka 1889, isishayamthetho kwenziwa lo mbusi kanye ePhalamende.

Umnotho eJapane ubulokhu ngaphansi kwethonya izinto eziningi. Ekupheleni kwe-60s kwekhulu le-19 elingaqediwe wobunxiwankulu revolution wavula isigaba esisha lamakhephithalisti umlando Japan. Labetibambile ngosuku olwandulela emikhulu wobunxiwankulu kabusha kwavula indlela ukuthuthukiswa capitalism kuleli zwe. wahamba ngempumelelo inqubo ukuvula izwe ibe amandla lingabacindezeli.

Umnotho eJapane kusukela ngo-1940 isifakwe ngenkonzo inqubomgomo angaphandle. Izwe ongene ubuhlobo sokulwa eJalimane nase-Italy, futhi wangena Okwesibili World kusukela 1941. Kuphela ngemva kokunqotshwa ngo-1945 eJapane lezempi ezweni ezinye kwekuhlela kabusha yeningi Kuqalwe.

imodeli Reform, esibonakala post-yimpi emnothweni waseJapane, ine izici ezilandelayo. ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza sekuyinto ehamba phambili kwabo bonke abanye, izwe enqaba ukulandela "amabutho khulula emakethe". Ngenxa "ukushaqeka yokwelapha kwezomnotho", by 1949 ukukhiqizwa yezimboni Japanese ibuyiselwe cishe ngokuphelele.

Uhulumeni wajaha lokhu utshalomali nezinqubomgomo kwesakhiwo, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo kumiswa amagatsha nobuntu emazweni ngokuphakeme ezimbonini evuthiwe. Umnotho eJapane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II yasungulwa njengengxenye inkambo okuqinile Ukuvikelwa natskapitala emkhakheni wezezimboni, yasebhange kanye nezinye izinhlaka, kanye eyenziwa ukuvikelwa wezolimo yayo esebenzisa nemixhaso, izinqubomgomo tekuvikela.

Konke lokhu kwaholela yokuthi umnotho Japan sesibe elinesimo locingo yentuthuko, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi bekuhlela ne emakethe. isiqondiso Administrative ngokuhlanganiswa isimiso sezomnotho izinkampani ezizimele.

Umthethosisekelo omusha ka-1947 bamemezela nenkululeko yeningi kanye namalungelo. nokuletha uguquko kwezolimo lidlule ngomhlatjelo iningi ezweni kulendawo 'ukuba abalimi. Abangu ngaphansi nokuqeda monopolies enkulu.

60s-70s - isikhathi lapho Japan ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe isibe ikakhulukazi ovelele. Waphenduka emandleni wesibili kosozimali emhlabeni umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene kanye ukukhiqizwa yezimboni.

manje GNP ingaphezu kwe-11% emhlabeni, ngokoMthetho lengenako GNP yezwe ngaphambi-United States. It ebangela u-12% ukukhiqizwa yezimboni emhlabeni. Cishe igcwaliswe lithathelwe emnothweni kuya "yen ezibizayo." Kakade kwakukhona ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba imodeli entsha ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe, sifake focus inkinga ka lokusetjentiswa ekhaya kunokuba nokuthengiswa.