Umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo omncane. Umthetho wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezincane

Umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo omncane ungenye yezitatimende zezomnotho ezamukelekayo, ngokusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komunye umkhiqizo omusha okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhipha isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, lesi sici sengeziwe, okungukuthi, akugunyazi embonini ethile. Kungasetshenziswa ngenhloso, ngokuqondile ukuze kuncishiswe inani lemikhiqizo, noma ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezimo ezithile.

Iyini inkolelo yokuncipha komkhiqizo

Njengomthetho, umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo omncane udlala indima ebalulekile kwingxenye yokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa nesiphakamiso sesevisi esekelwe ekunciphiseni , okwenzeka kumqondo womthengi. Ukuqhathaniswa ukuthi umusho ongenhla usitshela ukuthi umthengi ngamunye noma umthengi wemakethe umthengi ukwandisa kanjani ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo, futhi futhi unquma uhlobo lwesidingo semali. Umthetho wokunciphisa izenzo zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokuqondile ezinyathelweni zomkhiqizi ezithathayo ukuze kukhuliswe inzuzo nokuxhomeka kwentengo evelele ngokufunwa ngokuqondile. Futhi kuzo zonke lezi zici zezomnotho eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinkinga ezizocaca futhi ziqondakale kuwe, sizozicubungula ngokuningiliziwe kanye nezibonelo ezithile.

Izibhamu emnothweni

Okokuqala, ake sichaze incazelo yokwakhiwa kwalesi sitatimende. Umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo we-marginal akuyona neze ukunciphisa ubuningi bomkhiqizo owenziwe embonini phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka, njengoba kubonakala emakhasini ezincwadi zomlando. Isisekelo salo sisezingeni lokuthi isebenza kuphela uma kwenzeka indlela yokukhiqiza engashintshi , uma okuthile "kubhaliwe" ngokuzithandela kube ngumsebenzi ovimbela wonke umuntu nakho konke. Yiqiniso, lo mthetho awusebenzi nganoma iyiphi indlela, uma kuyindaba yokushintsha izici zomkhiqizo, ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, njll, nokunye. Uma kunjalo, uzothi, kuvele ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi amancane kunkulu kunomfanekiso omkhulu, futhi yilo i-crux yombuzo wonke?

Ukufunda ngokucophelela amagama ...

Kulesi simo, sikhuluma ukuthi umkhiqizo wehlisiwe ngenxa yezindleko eziguquguqukayo (impahla noma abasebenzi), okuyinto, ngokulandelanayo, ebhizinisini elikhulu kunazo zonke. Umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo we-margin uqala uma lo mkhiqizo omkhulu wesilinganiso sezinto eziguquguqukayo ufinyelela ekuphakameni kwawo ngokwezindleko. Yingakho lokhu kuhlanganiswa akuhlangene nokwandisa isisekelo sokukhiqiza kunoma iyiphi imboni, noma yikuphi okubonakalayo. Kule nkinga, siyabona kuphela ukuthi ukukhula kwevolumu yezinto ezikhiqizwayo akusiyo njalo ukuholela ekuthuthukiseni isimo sebhizinisi kanye nebhizinisi lonke. Konke kuncike esimweni somsebenzi, ngoba zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo zinomkhawulo wokukhula wokukhiqiza. Futhi uma lo mngcele ungadluli, ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi, ngokulandelana, kuzoqala ukwehla.

Isibonelo salolu mbono onzima

Ngakho-ke, ukuze siqonde indlela umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo omncane wezinto zokukhiqiza osebenza ngayo, ake siwuhlole ngesibonelo esicacile. Ake sithi, ungumphathi webhizinisi. Endaweni ekhethiwe ngokukhethekile kukhona indawo yokukhiqiza lapho yonke imishini edingekayo ukuze ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenkampani yakho kutholakale. Futhi manje konke kuxhomeke kuwe: ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezingaphansi noma ezingaphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqasha inani elithile labasebenzi, yakha imodi efanele yosuku, ukuthenga inani elifanele lezinto zokusetshenziswa. Uma abasebenzi abaningi unabo, i-denser you schedule, nakakhulu uzodinga izisekelo zomkhiqizo owukhululayo. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wokukhiqiza uzokwanda. Lesi yisisekelo somthetho wokunciphisa izici zokukhiqiza ezisemkhakheni ezithinta ubuningi kanye nemfanelo yomsebenzi.

Lokhu kuthinta kanjani intengo yokuthengisa yezimpahla

Siyaqhubeka, futhi sithatha inkinga yentengo yamanani. Yiqiniso, umnikazi uyinkosi, futhi yena unelungelo lokubeka imali efunayo yezimpahla zakhe. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila ezinkombini zemakethe eziye zaqalwa isikhathi eside ngabancintisana bakho kanye nabandulele kulo mkhakha womsebenzi, namanje kuwufanele. Lezi zinsuku zibuye zishintshe njalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isilingo sokuthengisa ibhegi ethile yezimpahla, ngisho noma "lingavunyelwanga", liba likhulu uma inani lifinyelela phezulu kulo lonke ukuhwebelana. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuze uthengise izinto eziningi zokuhweba ngangokunokwenzeka, ukhetho olulodwa lukhethwa kusuka kokubili: ukwanda kwisisekelo sokukhiqiza, okungukuthi, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nendawo lapho kutholakala khona imishini yakho, noma ukuqashwa abasebenzi abaningi, ukusebenza ezinkampanini eziningana ngakho Ngaphezu kwalokho. Kulapha ukuthi umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo wokubuya wokubuya osebenzayo uqala ukusebenza, ngokusho ukuthi yiyiphi unit elandelanayo yenani eliguquguqukayo eliletha inani elincane ekukhiqizeni okuphelele kunanoma ngayinye yangaphambilini.

Izici zefomula yokwehla komkhiqizo

Abaningi, ngemva kokufunda konke lokhu, bazocabangela ukuthi le mbono ayiyona into kodwa isichazamazwi. Eqinisweni, lithatha esinye sezikhundla eziyinhloko emnothweni, futhi asisekelwe ekubaleni okulinganiselwe, kodwa ngokuphathelene nemimoya. Umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo wezabasebenzi ngumfomula ohlangene owenziwe ukubhekwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza. Ngokujulile emlandweni waleli gama, siyaqaphela ukuthi ngokokuqala ngqá kwachazwa isazi sezezimali seFrance esibizwa ngoTurgot, ngubani - njengomkhuba womsebenzi wakhe - acabangela izici zomsebenzi wezolimo. Ngakho, ngokokuqala ngqa, "umthetho wokunciphisa inhlabathi" watholakala ngekhulu le-17. Uthe ukunyuka okuqhubekayo komsebenzi okusetshenziselwa isigaba esithile sezwe kuholela ekunciphiseni kokuzala kwalesi sayithi.

Ingqikithi yenkolelo yezomnotho kaTurgot

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni uTurgot ezichazwe ekuboneni kwakhe, umthetho wokunciphisa umkhiqizo wemisebenzi ungenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: "Ukucabanga ukuthi izindleko ezandayo kuzodala ukwandisa umthamo womkhiqizo kuhlale kungamanga." Ekuqaleni, le mbono yayinemvelaphi yezolimo kuphela. Abacwaningi kanye nabahlaziyi bathi kuhlelo lwebumba, imingcele yalo engadluli ihektare elingu-1, akunakwenzeka ukukhula izitshalo eziningi ezondla abantu abaningi. Ngisho namanje, ezincwadini eziningi, ukuze kuchaze abafundi umthetho wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemithombo emincane, yilo mkhakha wezolimo osetshenziswa njengesibonelo esicacile nesiqondakalayo.

Isebenza kanjani kwezolimo

Ake sizame manje ukuqonda ukujula kwalo mbuzo, okusekelwe esibonelweni esibonakalayo sokungabonakali. Sithatha indawo ethile, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhula kakhudlwana kakhudlwana kakolweni njalo ngonyaka. Kuze kufike iphuzu elithile, ukwengezwa kokunye kwezimbewu ezengeziwe kuzolethela ukwanda komkhiqizo. Kodwa kukhona ukushintsha lapho umthetho wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kuqala ukusebenza, okufakazela ukuthi izindleko ezengeziwe zabasebenzi, umanyolo kanye neminye imininingwane edingekayo ekukhiqizeni iqale ukudlula izinga langaphambilini lemali engenayo. Uma siqhubeka nokwandisa umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza endaweni efanayo, ukwehla kwezinzuzo ezidlule kuzokhula kancane kancane kube yilahlekelwe.

Kodwa kuthiwani ngesici sokuncintisana?

Uma sicabanga ukuthi le mbono yezomnotho ayinalo ilungelo lokuphila, sizothola lokhu okuphazamisayo okulandelayo. Asitshele ukuthi ukukhula kwe-spikelets entsha kakhudlwana kakhudlwana endaweni eyodwa ngeke kube yindleko kumkhiqizi. Kuzosetshenziswa kwiyunithi ngayinye entsha yemikhiqizo yayo ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili, ngenkathi ukwandisa kuphela imiqulu yezimpahla zayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingaveza izenzo ezinjalo ngokungapheli, kanti izinga lemikhiqizo yalo lizohlala liphakeme, futhi umnikazi ngeke athenge izindawo ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, sithola ukuthi konke okwakhiqizwa ukolweni kungagxila endaweni encane yomhlabathi. Kulokhu, isici esinjalo somnotho njengoba umncintiswano ngaphandle nje uqobo.

Yakha uchungechunge olunengqondo

Vumelana ukuthi le ncazelo ayikho isizinda esinengqondo, ngoba wonke umuntu uyazi kusukela esikhathini esidlule ukuthi wonke ukolweni okhona emakethe uhlukile emalini, kuye ngokuzala komhlabathi owawukhulile kuwo. Futhi manje sesiza into esemqoka - ngumthetho wokunciphisa ukubuyisela komkhiqizo ochaza ukuthi kungani umuntu ehlakulela futhi esebenzisa inhlabathi evundile kwezolimo, kanti abanye banelisekile ngemifino engaphansi futhi efanelekayo. Uma kungenjalo, uma yonke i-centner eyengeziwe, i-kilogram, noma i-gram ingahlwanyelwa endaweni enjalo evundile yomhlabathi, akekho oyoba nomqondo wokucubungula kangako efanelekile embonini yezolimo.

Izici zezimfundiso zangaphambili zezomnotho

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka ucwaningo lwezezimali lubhalise lo mbhalo olungenhla kuphela emkhakheni wezolimo, futhi awuzange uzame ukuwuthatha ngale ndlela. Konke lokhu kwachazwa ukuthi kulo mkhakha umtsetfo onjalo wawunebufakazi obusobala kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa indawo elinganiselwe yokukhiqiza (lokhu kuyisakhiwo sezwe), izinga eliphansi kakhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi (ukucubungula ngesandla, ukolweni futhi wanda ngokwemvelo), ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla lwezitshalo ezingakhula lwaluqinile. Kodwa uma inqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe isamukele kancane kancane zonke izici zokuphila kwethu, le mbono isakazeka ngokushesha kuzo zonke ezinye izigaba zokukhiqiza.

Kuzo Izinja Zomnotho Zanamuhla

Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, umthetho wokunciphisa ukukhiqiza waba ngowokugcina futhi ongaguquki, jikelele futhi osebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi. Izindleko ezazisetshenziselwa ukwandisa isisekelo semithombo zingaba zikhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhula kwendawo ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, kwakungeke kube khona. Into kuphela abakhiqizi abangayenza ngaphandle kokwandisa imingcele yabo yomsebenzi ukuthenga imishini esebenza kahle. Konke okunye - ukwanda kwenani labasebenzi, ukushintshwa komsebenzi, njll - ngokungazelelwe kwaholela ekunyuseni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, kanti imali engenayo yanda ngamaphesenti amancane kakhulu, ngokuhambisana nesibonakaliso sangaphambilini.