Ukunyuka kwemali e-US: isilinganiso, isimo samanje

Emnothweni, ukwehla kwamandla emali kuqondwa njengokunyuka okuthe xaxa kwezindleko zezimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo esikhathini esithile. Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kwezinga elijwayelekile lokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Phakathi kwezizathu zokukhuphuka kwamanani ngokuvamile kuthiwa ukuphakama kokufunwa ngezinga elingenakwenzeka lokunikezela, ukwanda kwezindleko zokukhiqiza nokwandisa imali enikezwa ngemali. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile. Futhi enye yazo i-inflation e-US, ehlala iphansi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, naphezu kwenqubomgomo yezimali esebenzayo yezwe.

Izinga nezinkomba

Ukwehla kwamandla emali kubangela ukuthi imali ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okuthenga. Ngenyanga ngayinye, abantu bangakwazi ukukhokhela kancane kancane uma umholo wabo uhlala ungashintshi.

Ukwehla kwemali e-US, njengamanye amazwe emhlabeni, kulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa izinkomba ezikhethekile. Izinga laso lilingana nephesenti lokushintsha kwabo. I-Fed izama ukulondoloza ukwehla kwamaphesenti amabili e-US. Kukholelwa ukuthi leli zinga lifaka isandla ekwandiseni okuphumelelayo komnotho, njengoba abathengi banesisusa sokuthenga.

Ukunyuka kwemali e-United States kunqunywa ngosizo lwezinkomba ezimbili. Inkomba yezindleko zabathengi ibalwa yi-Bureau of Labor Statistics nyanga zonke. Enqoleni yakhe yemikhiqizo ihlanganisa zonke izimpahla nezinsiza ezidingekayo, kusuka ekudleni kuya emfundweni. Inkomba yesibili yinkomba yamanani okukhiqiza. Ihlanganisa izinto ezifana nophethiloli, imikhiqizo yasepulazini (isib. Inyama noma okusanhlamvu), amakhemikhali, izinsimbi.

E-United States, imibono ye-inflation ejwayelekile kanye eyisisekelo ihlukile. Iyokuqala ihluke ekukhuleni kwamaphesenti wesibili kokudla kwamanani namandla.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali akugcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kunezici ezimbi. Phakathi kwabo, ukunciphisa umthwalo wemikhakha yomphakathi neyimfihlo, ukugcinwa kwezinga lesithakazelo esikhombisa ukuthi kunesithakazelo kunani eliphakeme kunezero nokunciphisa ukungasebenzi.

Isimo samanje

Ngo-Okthoba 2016, ukwehla kwamandla emali e-US kwaba yi-1.6%. Lokhu kungu-0.1% ngaphezu kuka-Septhemba. Noma kunjalo, leli zinga likhulu kakhulu kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2014. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwakukhuphuka kwezindleko zezindlu nezokugesi. Amanani okudla ayewa izinyanga ezimbili. Ngesikhathi esukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-2016, izinga lokulinganisa kwamanani e-US laliyi-3.29%. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lirekhodiwe ngoJuni 1920. Khona-ke ukwehla kwamanani angu-23.7%.

Izimbangela

• Ukwandisa ekufuneni ngezinga lokunikezela elingashintshi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengi bafuna ukuthenga okungaphezu kwabakhiqizi abanganikeza. Lesi simo singase sihlotshaniswe nezinto ezinjengokuthi: inqubomgomo enkulu yezimali (ukukhipha intela noma ukwanda kwemali kahulumeni ukugqugquzela umnotho), ukuhlaziywa kwemali, inqubomgomo yezimali esebenzayo (ukwandisa imali ekunikezeni imali).
• Yandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Isici esiyinhloko saloluhlobo lwemali yokukhuphuka kwemali ukukhula kwamaholo. Indima yezindleko zezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza, ngaphandle kwamafutha, iye yancipha kancane kancane kusukela ngawo-1980.
• Futhi, ukwehla kwemali e-US kuqhutshwa ngabathengi. Uma abantu bekulindele ukwandisa amanani, khona-ke ukufunwa kwezimpahla namasevisi kuzokwanda. Ngakho-ke, i-Fed ibeka ukukhuphuka kwemali ngo-2% ngonyaka. Lokhu kunciphisa indima yokulindela abathengi njengento.

Kungani izinga lokunyuka kwamazinga e-US liphansi kangaka?

Kunengqondo ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwenani lemali ekusakazweni kubangele ukwanda kwezinga lentengo. Nokho, uma ubheka umnotho wase-US, lo mthetho awuhlonishwa njalo. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokudalwa kwezinqolobane nokunyuka kokufunwa e-United States kukhona, kodwa kusukela ngo-2010 i-Fed iye yakwazi ukuthonya ngokuqondile amanani entengo yesikhathi eside. Amabhange ezentengiselwano anelungelo lokudala izimali ezengeziwe kwi-Fed, hhayi nje ngenhloso yokuboleka abathengi, kodwa futhi ukuthola inzalo encane kodwa eqinile.