I-Beloyarsk NPP - umsebenzi nocwaningo

Emakhanini, engamakhilomitha angu-40 empumalanga yeYekaterinburg, ingenye yezitshalo zokuqala zamandla enyukliya eSoviet Union. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1955 futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi "i-Beloyarsk NPP". Ngo-1964, i-unit power yokuqala ye-AMB-100 "i-Atomic Peaceful Bolshoi" enegunya le-100 MW lanikeza ugesi. Kusukela ngo-1967, emsebenzini wesibili, i-AMB-200. I-unit unit yesithathu, i-BN-600 "Neutron Fast" enekhono lama-600 MW, yathunyelwa ngo-Ephreli 1980. Namuhla, isitshalo samandla sinezimboni ezintathu zamandla enyukliya. Ngo-1981 no-1987, amabili okuqala ayeka. Kwesithathu kwesokunxele. Ochwepheshe babiza izingcingo ezisheshayo ze-neutron "abafuyi", isb. "Abalimi". Babesetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izikhali-ebangeni le-plutonium kusuka e-uranium. Wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, izigameko ezifanayo ezimile. Futhi yi-Beloyarsk NPP kuphela ene-unit yokugcina yezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwalo kuphezulu kakhulu.

Ngomfushane mayelana ne-reactor. Endaweni yayo yokusebenza, kuhlangene imihlangano yamagesi-amashubhu ayenziwe nge-zirconium. Iqukethe amaphilisi we-nyukliya, ngokuvamile u-U235. Uma uhlukanisa amafutha emathinini, ukushisa okuningi kukhishwa, okususwa endaweni eshisayo (isifunda sokuqala) ngensimbi encibilikisiwe (noma ehola) noma amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu (ukuze angabilisi). I-sodium kuleli cala ine-radioactivity ephezulu; Ukuze kungenakudliwa, ukushisa kudluliselwa esifundeni sesibili, lapho kukhona nensimbi noma amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Lapha, isikhungo sokushisa sishisa uketshezi lwesifunda sesithathu sokubilisa, futhi isobho linikezwa ama-turbines. Kamuva, kwakukhona imiklamo ngamanzi kuwo wonke ama-contours. Ama-reactor-metal-water reactors ayingozi kakhulu kunama-reactors amanzi. Kodwa ziyinkimbinkimbi, evumela ukuba zisetshenziswe ezokuthutha. I-Beloyarsk NPP ku-reactor BN-600 ine-coolant metallic ezijikelezweni ezimbili zokuqala. Lezi zinsuku yi-steam-amanzi ne-sodium vapor superheater.

I-Beloyarsk NPP-2 iyesibili (noma, ukuze ibe ngokuqondile, yesine) amandla okutshala. Iminyaka emine yokusebenza kweyunithi yokuhlola ye-BN-600 nokucubungula ulwazi olutholiwe kwaholela esinqumweni sokwengeza amanye amabili - BN-800 no-BN-1200. Ngemuva kwengozi yaseChernobyl le misebenzi imile, kodwa iphrojekthi yaqhubeka ilungiswa. Ngo-2007 kwakhiwa kabusha.

Vimba i-BN-800 ihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe "be-neutron esheshayo", futhi imiphumela emihle etholakalayo kuyovumela:

- ukwakha umjikelezo wephethiloli ovalekile wezitshalo zamandla enyukliya;

- ukwandisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 ukucubungula kakade okusetshenziswe kwe-uranium, ukuhlinzeka ngamafutha ezitsheni zamandla enyukliya ezweni;

- sebenzisa ingxenye encane ye-nuclear, sebenzisa i-uranium U238 engekho emsakazweni;

- Faka inqwaba ye-plutonium emiphakathini yamandla enyukliya echithiwe.

I-Beloyarsk NPP, ngokucabangela amayunithi amasha amasha ngo-2022, iyoba nomthamo wama-2,600 MW. Eminyakeni ezayo, ukwakha iBlock No. 5 - BN-1200 kuzoqala.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamakhemikhali amaningana e-BN-1200 kulokhu kanye nezinye izitshalo zamandla enyukliya kanye nokufakwa kwamabhizinisi okukhiqizwa kwamandla enyukliya kwindlela yokujikeleza uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwalo. Ngakho iRussia izozihlinzeka kanye namazwe anobungane ngaleli phethi lamakhulu eminyaka. I-Beloyarsk NPP kufanele ibe nendawo efanelekayo kulo mjikelezo, ngoba Emabhuloki ayo ezinhlobonhlobo, izixazululo ezintsha emandleni we- athomu enokuthula ziqhutshwa ngokuzikhandla .