Anatomy of the joint kwedolo. isikhwama amadolo

Anatomy of the joint amadolo (Sinelnikov R. D. nabanye sacabanga ngayo ngokuningiliziwe) kuyinto kubenzima. Leli lunga emzimbeni womuntu inezingxenye eziningi. Uxhumano liba imithwalo enzima kakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa isisindo, izikhathi eziningana mkhulu kunezinhliziyo yayo. eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlanganyela kungenxa zayo abamelwe. Lawa amathambo ngobukhulu wemikhawulo aphansi.

Ukwakheka ngokuhlanganyela ezihilela amathambo amathathu. Basuke zixhunywe apharathasi enamandla articular, okubandakanya joint capsule, nemisipha futhi bursae. Lonke ngokuhlanganyela is eliqhutshwa imisipha umlenze.

Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela amadolo

Kwedolo lakhiwe ngemalunga lamatsatfu amathambo, imisipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwayo, kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa nemithambo yegazi, meniscus, cruciate nemisipha. isakhiwo esinjalo kuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa imithwalo eliphezulu. Anatomy of the joint amadolo inikeza induduzo esiphezulu ngenkathi kuhanjwa kweyesi-2 yesiqephu. Ngo wezinkawu, isakhiwo sibonga lula kakhulu emikhawulweni 4.

Ingaphezulu kunawo wonke (condyles) has ukuma ellipsoids. I condyle medial has a ugobile njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo lateral. Phakathi condyles babe suprapatellaris ebusweni. Itholakala phambi kunawo wonke futhi inkatho mpo uhlukaniswa uba izingxenye ezincane kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle okukhulu. Ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene ezingemuva articular evele we patella.

Condyles kancane lithé ukushona phakathi, futhi musa nefomethi amajika ugobile condyles ka kunawo wonke. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu iphutha, uqwanga interarticular (meniscus ngaphakathi nangaphandle) uhambelane.

Umsebenzi kanye nokunyakaza

Joint amadolo ongenza ukunyakaza ezilandelayo: flexion, isandiso ngokushintshana. Uhlamvu kwakunguNk condylar. Ngo isandiso menisci kukhona onomfutho, basuke decompressed lapho insaliwe. Ngenxa emisipheni eseduze bekhululekile kulesi sikhundla, futhi amaphuzu abo okunamathiselwe zimi eduze komunye nomunye, kukhona kungenzeka ukunyakaza - Ukujikeleza.

Lapho ligijima tibia owangaphakathi ukunyakaza cruciate elinganiselwe umsipha ngenkathi they uphumule kwangaphandle ukunyakaza, futhi lo amplitude kukhawulwe ngezinkintsho.

menisci

Anatomy of the joint amadolo iminyaka eminingi ukutadisha lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti we menisci kanye ukulimala ahlobene nawo - kuvamile kakhulu.

Meniscus - a esingunxantathu ipuleti uqwanga, uqweqwe ngaphandle (tho kuya capsule articular) ebhekene ingaphakathi joint wamkhomba. Kusukela phezulu bona phakathi, isicaba phansi. On emaphethelweni elingaphandle anatomy of emaphethelweni engenhla eziphindaphindiwe tibial condyles.

I meniscus lateral lesi sijame njengebhoksi ingxenye kumbuthano futhi inhlendla emise iyakhumbula medial.

Nokubopha cartilaginous phambi ipuleti kwenzeka (nge transverse amadolo nemisipha) futhi emuva tibia (ukuphakama intercondylar).

ukulele Okukhulu

anatomy Omfushane kwedolo njalo uchaza cruciate nemisipha (anterior kanye posterior), okuyinto zitholakala ngqo kwedolo. Zibizwa ngokuthi nemisipha intracapsular.

Ngaphezu nabo abayoba nayo eseduze lateral (medial kanye lateral). Zibizwa ngokuthi nemisipha vnekapsulnymi, njengoba bangaphandle egobolondweni lelunga.

Vnekapsulnye umsipha ethulwa tibial futhi fibular eseduze umsipha. Baqala kanye epicondyle medial kanye lateral we kunawo wonke futhi unamathele epiphysis engenhla tibia kanye ebusweni elingaphandle fibula, ngokulandelana. Bobabili uxhumeke kwi-egobolondweni lelunga.

umsipha Intracapsular, anterior kanye posterior cruciate isiqalo phezu engaphakathi ezilingene medial condyle femoral, uye phambili nangaphakathi (phansi ngaphakathi), ogibele phambili emkhakheni ezingemuva tibia, ngokulandelana.

umsipha asekelayo

anatomy ngesimo sendawo joint amadolo ngaphezu kwamazwe ase-articular futhi extra-articular nemisipha, nezinye izifundo.

Patellar umsipha umsipha ebizwa ngokuthi 4 ikhanda ethangeni imisipha, okuvela phezulu phansi, eya patella asimboze nxazonke luqhubeke phansi tibia. I lateral umsipha izinyanda kukhona ezinhlangothini nenhloko patella kuya medial kanye condyle lateral we tibia. Bakha i yangaphandle futhi ongaphakathi usekela umsipha patellar.

Esikhathini nemisipha obusekelayo obubonisa ukuba patella izingodo zophahla ovundlile, okuyinto Banamathele epicondyle ka kunawo wonke. Umsebenzi asekelayo nemisipha - ubambe patella endaweni.

Ngemuva egobolondweni lelunga ligcizelelwa le etshekile umsipha popliteal. Kuqala kusukela condyle we tibia futhi unamathele condyle ka kunawo wonke, enika egobolondweni lelunga we imishayo. Bunch ithatha ingxenye yokuntwela imisipha ethangeni imisipha, okungukuthi imisipha semimembranosus.

I arcuate umsipha popliteal futhi behileleke ngokugcina patella. Kuqala kusukela kunawo wonke futhi fibula, futhi unamathele tibial. Inqwaba futhi uDavide uqala futhi aphethe phezu condyle lateral.

Lateral meniscus amadolo umsipha uxhuma ku phambi kobuso babo.

Front meniskobedrennaya umsipha evela engxenyeni anterior we meniscus medial, kufanele kube phezulu phandle kuze lateral condyle femoral.

Engemuva meniskobedrennaya umsipha evela emaphethelweni posterior meniscus yangaphandle kufanele phezulu ngaphakathi kuya medial condyle femoral.

Condylar amadolo imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela njengoba ginglymoid ukuba isikhundla unbent. Anatomy of the joint amadolo ikuvumela ukuba azungeze on a eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu esimweni insaliwe.

egobolondweni lelunga

I capsule articular sinamathela kuzo zontathu amathambo ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni ngokuhlanganyela.

Ngu okunamathiselwe femoral kwenzeka ngaphansi epicondyle, kuya tibial - phezu ahlangene patella kuya - kanye ebusweni articular.

ulwelwesi lwamalunga ihlanganisa ebusweni yokuxhuma amathambo uqwanga imigqa emisipheni cruciate. Ngaphezu isakhiwo abushelelezi ulwelwesi yakha sebuningini villi lwamalunga futhi emphethweni.

ithuthukiswe Iningi emphethweni - iyona iphiko. Bamiswa zombili patella phezulu. Futhi aqukethe phakathi amashidi yabo podnadkolennikovoe fat umzimba.

Podnadkolennikovaya plica lwamalunga ingezansi ithambo, iwukuqhutshwa emphethweni iphiko emise. Kuvela ngenhla patella, iyona ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela, unamathele umphetho waphambili emgodini, phakathi condyles ka kunawo wonke.

Lwamalunga amadolo esikhundleni izikhwama: nokwakheka isakhiwo

Capsule amadolo amafomu lwamalunga ngokuhlanganyela izikhwama eziningana. Kungenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene ezicubwini, Zamanga naphakathi kwabo. Bursa kungenzeka phakathi amathambo nemisipha.

Imisipha esengxenyeni 4-ikhanda imisipha ethangeni bese anterior kobuso patella kwakha podsuhozhilnuyu isikhwama prepatellar.

patella eyinqwaba futhi tibia ndawonye bakha ezijulile suprapatellaris Bursa. Ngezinye izikhathi has a uxhumano kwamadolo ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela, ahlukaniswe ungqimba lwamafutha.

Kuyinto bursae elikhulu joint kwedolo.

ngezinyawo Goose ka kwedolo: nokwakheka indawo

Ukuze operation evamile kwedolo kukhona eziningi imisipha, okungase kube izingxenye ngokuvumelana indawo yabo:

• Ngaphambili senyonga - imisipha quadriceps.
• Imisipha - biceps, semitendinosus, semimembranous.
• kwamathanga Inner - ezinkulu, ezincane, eside, okufutshane, adductors, ikamu kwemisipha.

Shin iyindawo lapho ukukhwezwa 3 femoris - ekuhlanganiseni, semitendinosus nasebubini. Kuleli qophelo, futhi kwakheka ihansi ngezinyawo, lapho Bursa elise.

Ukulimala we ngokuhlanganyela amadolo

Amadolo ukulimala - Kuyaziwa kakhulu. Ukuze ukuxilonga imbangela ubuhlungu bamalunga, udokotela ngokuvamile umisa i-MRI. Anatomy of the amadolo (amathambo, imisipha, nemisipha, imithambo, nokunye. D.) Kubonakala esithombeni, okuyinto ziyonquma ukuthi imbangela kabi.

Isikhathi esining impela edolweni uthole abasubathi, kanye nalabo abasebenza kuhilela okhandlayo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi amadolo ukulimala ngokuhlanganyela, kudingeka uqinise njalo imisipha nemisipha. Yenza umzimba okulula umzimba ngokuhlanganyela, ziphuza njalo izakhiwo Vitamin-amaminerali. Zonke lezi zinyathelo ungasita kucinisa ngokuhlanganyela nedolo imisipha, wabangela ukuba ukuthutha.