Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo okusebenzayo kweTolcott Parsons

Imiphakathi yanamuhla ibonakala ngokuhlangana kwemicabango ehlukahlukene yolwazi lomphakathi. Ukuqhubeka kwemibono yezenhlalo okwamanje kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimfundiso emphakathini. Umnikelo obalulekile kule nqubekela phambili wenziwa ngumqondo - ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwamaParsons, okwenziwa isosayensi ovelele waseMelika phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Namuhla, i-Tolcott Parsons ihlonishwa emhlabeni wesayensi njengenye yama-classics wesayensi yezenhlalo. Wakha umqondo oningiliziwe - ukuhlaziywa okusebenzayo, okuyindlela edingekayo yokwenza ulwazi lwezenhlalo zezwe lanamuhla kuzo zonke izinhlobo zayo.

Esikhathini salo mqondo yimbono yemvelo, kuwukuthi yonke inkimbinkimbi yemibono nezinkinga endaweni yokucwaninga ngezindaba ze-social equilibrium, ukungqubuzana, ukuvumelanisa nokuziphendukela komphakathi njengoba uhlelo luhlotshaniswa.

Ngokokuqala ngqa i-Parsons ithinta ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi njengendlela yokusebenza kwemithombo, ukuhlola i-Henderson-Pareto theory, lapho indawo eyinhloko yanikezwa khona ezindabeni zezomnotho kanye nendima yayo ekuziphendukeni komphakathi. Khona-ke lesi sihloko saqhutshelwa yi-Schumpeter, owasondela ekuhlaziyweni komnotho ngokuqondile kusukela ekubukeni kwendlela yayo yokusebenza.

Ukufingqa iziphetho zabososayensi, ama-Parsons afika ekukholweni ukuthi ukuhlelwa yedwa akukwazi ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthambekela komphakathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufaka phakathi kokuhlaziywa kwesistimu izingxenye zokucwaninga kwemisebenzi yomphakathi . Ngakho-ke le mfundiso eyinkimbinkimbi yemfundo yazalwa - "ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza". Isisekelo salo sisekuqhakambisweni kwezindlela zokufunda imithetho nemikhuba ehlonishwayo ekuphileni komphakathi wanamuhla.

Okuphelele ngokuphelele kule mbono kwakuwukuhlolisisa izici ze-cybernetic zomphakathi njenge "uhlelo lwezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso zamasiko." Indlela ye-cybernetic yenza kube lula ukubhekana ngokugcwele nezinkinga zangaphambilini ezingazange zibonwe zokuzinza nokungena komphakathi.

Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe yiParsons kwenza kube lula ukubukeka kabusha inkinga yezingxabano zomphakathi ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi . Iqiniso liwukuthi ukusakazwa kwe-positivism kanye nezindlela zalo kudalwe ubuciko obulodwa nokuphikisa ekuchazeni izigaba zokuzinza nokuphikisana. Ngakho-ke, lo mbuzo uphakanyisiwe mayelana nokuhlala ndawonye emphakathini wezingxabano nokuhleleka njengemikhakha yezobuciko bokuphila komphakathi. I-then coaching theory of the conflict, Lewis Economy - American economist and sociologist, eqinisweni, wahambisana nomqondo weParsons, ephikisana ngokuthi umphakathi awuqedi ukuzinza kwazo zonke izimo ezikhona. Lesi siphetho sabonakala ngokuphawulekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinqubo zokuguquka kwesimo sezwe - izikhathi zezinkinga zafakwa esikhundleni sezinkathi zokusimama komnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi emnothweni namuhla nakho kuyindlela edingekayo yokufunda izinqubo zezomnotho, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuhlola amathuba okuba izingozi, isibikezelo sezomnotho kanye nabanye.

Emibonweni yeParsons, iyunithi yokuhlaziywa yisenzo sokukhonkolo somuntu ngamunye, hhayi umphakathi ongenalutho. Indlela enjalo eyinhloko eyenza ukuthi kube lula ukuhlaziya umphakathi hhayi embonweni wezimfanelo zomuntu ngamunye, yini eyamukelwa ekucwaningweni kwengqondo, kodwa kusukela ekubukeni kokuziphatha komuntu esimweni esithile. Ngokusho kweParsons - isenzo senhlalakahle sendawo yendawo yokuziphatha, okubangelwa ukugcwaliseka komuntu emphakathini oseduze wemisebenzi ethile. Ngokomsebenzi walezi zakhiwo, izakhiwo ezehlukene, izinqubo zomphakathi, ukubaluleka kanye nezinhlelo zamasiko zingahle zihlangane futhi zonke ziyobathinta ukuziphatha kwabantu kanye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yomphakathi.

Le ndlela yokuqala yangempela, eyanikezela ukuhlaziywa okusebenzayo, futhi iphasika lakhe elisha lendlela eyakhela ngayo isisekelo sezenhlalo zomphakathi zaseYurophu. Abalandeli abalandeli bakaParsons imibono lapha kwakukhona uMax Weber, uWilfredo Pareto, uRobert Michels.

Ngokuvamile, nakuba i-Parsons 'theory iqukethe ezinye izinto ezingezansi nezakhi zokwenza izinto, ziqhubeka zithandwa kakhulu futhi zifunwa ngokucophelela ekucwaningweni kokuhlaziywa komphakathi wanamuhla.