Izezimali yingxenye yesakhiwo sezomnotho

Uhlelo lwezimali lumelelwe isethi ehlelekile yezobudlelwane ezithile zezezimali. Izixhumanisi zesistimu enjalo zihlangene zibe izingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngasinye esinezakhiwo zayo zangaphakathi:

- izimali zomphakathi, ezimele isabelomali sesifundazwe kanye nezikhwama ezengeziwe zezimali, isikweletu sombuso kanye nemali ehlukahlukene (umshuwalense womuntu siqu nempahla), kanye nemakethe yamasheya;

- Izimali ezibekwe ngaphansi kwezimali eziphathelene nezinhlangano zezohwebo, abaxhumanisi bezimali kanye nezinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo;

- izimali zomuntu siqu (izindlu).

Ngakho-ke, izimali ziyisigaba sezomnotho esiyingxenye yesakhiwo esivumelanayo, isixhumanisi ngasinye esingabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokwakheka nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo kwezimali zemali. Isixhumanisi ngasinye sinendima ethile ekukhiqizeni umphakathi.

Isibonelo, izimali ezisezingeni eliyinhloko iyithuluzi lokulawulwa jikelele komnotho kazwelonke. Ngosizo lwalolu thuluzi, izinsiza zihlanganiswa kubhajethi ngokusabalalisa okulandelayo kanye nokwabelana kabusha phakathi kwezimboni ngabanye, izifunda zomnotho kanye namaqembu athile abantu.

Imali engaphansi kwemali iyindlela yokulawula ubudlelwane bezenhlalakahle nezomnotho phakathi kwezinhlangano zebhizinisi. Kusemthethweni wabo ukuthi isimo sezimali sezwe sincike ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinsiza eziningi kule ngxenye yomnotho.

Futhi, ekugcineni, izimali zomuntu siqu ubuhlobo ngokwemali phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezihlala ndawonye futhi ziqhuba indlu evamile. Amakhaya, ngokungafani nomndeni, afaka, ngaphezu kwezihlobo, nabantu abanikela ngokugcwele noma okuyingxenye kwisabelomali sabo. Futhi, ukwakheka kwezimali ezinjalo kungenziwa ngumuntu oyedwa okwazi ukuzihlinzekela ngemali.

Umnotho kanye nezemali yizigaba ezimbili ezithintana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ku-finance ukuthi ubudlelwane obuhle emkhakheni wezomnotho buboniswa ukuthi buhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwemithombo yokuxhasa ngemikhakha ehlukene yomnotho. Akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa ngesidingo sokuxhasa lezo zinhlaka njengokukhiqiza, ukusakaza kanye nemindeni.

Izezimali emabhizinisini iqoqo lobuhlobo obuthile bezomnotho obuvela ekuthengisweni kwemali kwangempela ekwenzeni ukwakheka, ngokusatshalaliswa okulandelayo nokusetshenziswa kwezimali zezinsiza zemali zezinhlangano zezomnotho (sikhuluma ngemali ehloniphekile). Lokhu yisixhumanisi sezimali esizimele, esikwazi ukukhiqiza impahla, kanye nokudala i-GDP.

Izindleko njengesigaba sezomnotho sincike ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwesistimu uqobo. Naphezu kokuhlanjululwa kwezixhumanisi ngabanye nezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezinhlobo zokwakheka nokusetshenziswa kwezibonelelo zemali, uhlelo lwezezimali lubonakala ngobumbano ngoba umthombo owodwa wemithombo yazo zonke izixhumanisi zawo ukhona ngesisekelo.